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,51,1,of 49,MT8820A-E-H-1-(2.00),CDMA,基站测试,1 CDMA,物理层介绍,2 CDMA,基站测试项目,3 1,xEVDO,介绍,4,EVDO,基站测试项目,cdma2000 Evolution,IS-95,IS-95-A,TIA/EIA-95-B,J-STD-008,TSB-74,cdma20001x,Release 0,cdma20001x,Release A,cdma20001x,Release B,cdma20001x,Release C,cdma20001x,Release D,cdma2000 3x,cdma2000 1x,EV DO (Rev 0),cdma2000 1x,EV DO (Rev A),cdma2000 1x,EV DO (Rev B),1 CDMA,物理层,CDMA (Code Division Multiple Access),标准：,IS-95A,IS-95A/B,：2G,移动通信标准也称为,cdmaOne,.,IS-2000,IMT-2000,的一种3,G,通信标准 也被称为,cdma2000,1xEV-DO Release 0,1xEV-DO,被规划用于优化数据传输，最高可支持2.4,Mbps,的传输速率，支持多媒体业务如,MP3，video,等传输,1xEV-DO Release A,1xEV-DO Release 0,的升级,CDMA2000 1xEV-DO Rev A,可提供更高数率的上下行连接，前向最高可达到,3.1 Mbps,反向最高,1.8 Mbps. Rev A,在载波带宽不变的情况下（,1.25 MHz）,也提供了更高的小区容量。,多种,RF,信道带宽,快速前向链路功率控制,前向链路发送分集,Turbo,码技术,反向链路相干解调,灵活的帧长,cdma,系统时间,多选择的长交织器,1 CDMA,物理层,关键技术,扩频速率,(,Spreading Rate, SR),,SR1:,前向和反向,cdma,信道在单载波上都是采用码片速率为,1.2288,Mcps,的直接序列扩谱,SR3:,前向信道有,3,个载波，每个载波的码片速率为,1.2288,Mcps,，,反向信,道在单载波上采用码片速率为,3.6864,Mcps,的直接序列扩频,无线配置,(,Radio Configuration, RC),,RC,是指一系列前向或反向业务信道的工作模式，每种,RC,支持一套数据,速率，其差别在于物理信道的各种参数，包括各种调制特性和扩频速率等,无线传输技术,(,Radio,TransmissionTechnology, RTT),1 CDMA,物理层,Spreading Rate 1 and Spreading Rate 3,1 CDMA,物理层,CDMA Channel Generation,1 CDMA,物理层,CDMA Carrier (Cellular Band),1.25,MHz,1.25,MHz,Mobile Station,Base Station,45,MHz,Frequency,CDMA,Channel,Frequency,283,833.49,MHz,283,878.49,MHz,1 CDMA,物理层,CDMA Carrier (Cellular Band),CDMA Carrier,30,KHz,283,42,Channels,304,261,1 CDMA,物理层,CDMA Carrier (PCS Band),1.25,MHz,1.25,MHz,Reverse,CDMA Channel,Forward,CDMA Channel,80,MHz,Frequency,Channel,Frequency,25,1851.25,MHz,25,1931.25,MHz,1 CDMA,物理层,CDMA Carrier (PCS Band),CDMA Carrier,50,KHz,25, 25,Channels,1 CDMA,物理层,Radio Configurations,Radio Configuration:,A set of Forward Traffic Channel and Reverse Traffic Channel transmission formats that are characterized by Physical Layer parameters such as transmission rates,modulation characteristics,and spreading rate,cdma2000 Radio Configurations:,RC1 through RC9 on the Forward link,RC1 through RC6 on the Reverse link,1 CDMA,物理层,Forward Link Radio Configurations,1 CDMA,物理层,Reverse Link Radio Configurations,1 CDMA,物理层,快速前向链路功率控制,移动台在检测了前向链路的,Eb,/N0,后送出功率控制比特,功率控制比特与反向导频信道复用,功率控制比特不进行编码，避免编码，成帧和解码等造成的时延,功率控制速率是固定的,800,次,/,秒,1 CDMA,物理层,前向链路的发送分集,多载波发送分集,(,MCTD),对于,MC,方式，不同的天线采用不同的载波,正交发送分集,(,OTD),对于,DS,方式，可以通过分离数据流，采用正交序列扩展两个数据流来完成,1 CDMA,物理层,Forward Link Channel Function,Pilot Channel,The most strongest and most obvious signal, about 15% of total power;,Provides a phase reference for coherent demodulation;,Provides,multipath,detection for Rake receiver;,Provide a means for signal strength comparisons between base stations for determining when to handoff.,Diversity Pilot Channel,The pilot channel and the,发射分集导频信道（,transmit diversity pilot channel） provide phase,references for coherent demodulation of forward link CDMA channels which employ transmit diversity.,Auxiliary Pilot Channel,An auxiliary pilot channel is required for forward link spot beam and antenna beam forming applications, and provides a phase reference for coherent demodulation of those forward link CDMA channels associated with the auxiliary pilot.,Transmit Diversity Pilot Channel,A transmit diversity pilot channel associated with an auxiliary pilot channel.,1 CDMA,物理层,Forward Link Channel Function,Dedicated Control Channel,Co-exist with other traffic channels,Transmit Upper Layer Signaling, MAC messages, and RLP frames,Provides Conduit for messaging instead of Fundamental Channel dim/blank and burst,Broadcast Control Channel,Broadcast only overhead messages and SMS messages. removes the overhead messages from paging channel to a separate channel,Quick Paging Channel,Signal sent by a base station to inform mobile stations operating in the slotted mode during the idle state whether to receive the Paging Channel starting in the next Forward Paging Channel frame.,1 CDMA,物理层,Forward Link Channel Function,Sync Channel,T,ransports the synchronization message to the mobile station.,Paging Channel,Transmission of control information and pages from a base station to mobile stations.,Broadcast system messages, channel, and neighbor pilots information to MS 9600 or 4800 bps, 20ms frame duration,Forward Common Control Channel and Broadcast Control Channel,Transmission of digital control information from a base station to one or more mobile stations,.,Common Assignment Channel,Used by the base station to acknowledge a mobile station accessing the Enhanced Access Channel or Reservation Access Mode.,Common Power Control Channel,The Common Power Control Channel is used by mobile stations operating in the Power Controlled Access Mode or Reservation Access Mode.,1 CDMA,物理层,Reverse Link Channel Function,Access Channel,Common channels used for communication of layer 3 and MAC messages from mobile to base station.,The Access Channel is used for short signaling message exchanges, such as call originations, responses to pages, and registrations.,Reverse Pilot Channel,Assists the BS to detect a MS transmission,Provides continuous channel estimation and reverse link power control for forward link (RC3 to RC6),Preamble of R-EACH, R-CCCH, and R-TCH,Reverse Dedicated Channel,Co-exist with other traffic channels,Transmit Upper Layer Signaling, MAC messages, and RLP frames,1 CDMA,物理层,Reverse Link Channel Function,Reverse Enhanced Access Channel,Working in modes. Basic Access Mode, mode, and Reservation Mode, closed loop power control,Frame duration shall be 20,10,or 5 ms in duration,Used jointly with R-CCCH when works in Reservation Mode,Reverse Common Control Channel,Used for the transmission of user and signaling information to BS when Reverse Traffic Channels are not in use.,Two modes, Reservation mode and Designated mode,Variable data rates of 9.6, 19.2, and 384. Kbps,20, 10, or 5 ms in frame duration,Each R-CCCH is associated with a single F-CCCH,1 CDMA,物理层,2 Cdma,基站测量,标准：,C.S0010-C,Cdma,基站测试项目,频率覆盖,频率稳定度,相位精度,波形质量,子信道前向功率控制,平均功率测量,导频功率测量,码域功率测量,带外杂散,发射互调,占用带宽,Cdma测试注意事项,确保输入正确的频点，,Input=RF,，注意仪表的最大输入电平，,安全操作,Forward(RC1-2),：,IS95,基站；Forward(RC3-5)：,2000,基站,确保输入正确的频点,2 Cdma,基站测量,Frequency Tolerance,Definition,Frequency tolerance is defined as the maximum allowed difference between the actual CDMA transmit carrier frequency and the specified CDMA transmit frequency assignment. This test shall apply to every band class that the base station supports.,Minimum Standard,For all operating temperatures specified by the manufacturer, the average frequency difference between the actual CDMA transmit carrier frequency and specified CDMA transmit frequency assignment shall be less than 5 10-8 of the frequency assignment (0.05 ppm).,2 Cdma,基站测量,Phase Tolerance,Definition,Pilot Channel to code channel phase tolerance is the permissible error in RF phase between the radiated Pilot Channel and the other channels within one Forward CDMA Channel.,Minimum Standard,The phase differences between the Pilot Channel and all other code channels sharing the same Forward CDMA Channel should not exceed 0.05 radians and shall not exceed 0.15 radians.,2 Cdma,基站测量,Waveform quality,Definition,Waveform quality is measured by determining the normalized correlated power between the actual waveform and the ideal waveform.,Minimum Standard,For all base stations, the normalized cross correlation coefficient,shall be greater than 0.912 (excess power ,0.97,2 Cdma,基站测量,Total Power,Definition,Base station total power is the mean power delivered to a load with resistance equal to the nominal load impedance of the transmitter.,Minimum Standard,The total power shall remain within +2 dB and -4 dB of the manufacturers rated power,2 Cdma,基站测量,Pilot Power,Definition,The Pilot Channel power to total power ratio is the power attributed to the Pilot Channel divided by the total power, and is expressed in dB.,Minimum Standard,The Pilot Channel power to total power ratio shall be within 0.5 dB of the configured value.,2 Cdma,基站测量,Code Domain Power,Definition,Code domain power is the power in each code channel of a CDMA Channel.,.,Minimum Standard,If the base station supports RC10, the mean code domain power shall be 31.5 dB or more below the total mean output power,2 Cdma,基站测量,Spurious Emissions,Definition,Conducted spurious emissions are emissions at frequencies that are outside the assigned CDMA Channel, measured at the base station RF output port.,Minimum Standard,Refer to Spec,2 Cdma,基站测量,Inter-Base Station Transmitter Intermodulation,Definition,Inter-base station transmitter intermodulation occurs when an external signal source is introduced to the antenna connector of the base station. This test verifies that base station conducted spurious emissions are still met with the presence of the interfering source.,Minimum Standard,The base station shall meet the conducted spurious emission requirements,2 Cdma,基站测量,Occupied Bandwidth,Definition,The occupied bandwidth is defined as the frequency range, whereby the power of emissions averaged over the frequency above and under the edge frequency are 0.5% each of the total radiation power of a modulated carrier.,Minimum Standard,The occupied bandwidth shall not exceed 1.48MHz for Spreading Rate 1 and 4.6MHz for Spreading Rate 3,3 EVDO,介绍,EVDO,介绍,1,xEV-DO,主要优化了数据传输,其峰值速率,2.4 Mbps,并支持多媒体如,MP3， video conferencing,的传输.,1xEV-DO introduces some terminology that differs from cdma2000.,Access Terminal (AT) - A mobile device equipped with a radio modem and a data interface, allowing the user to access a packet data network through the 1xEV-DO access network.,Access Network (AN) - This network equipment performs the same role as a base station, providing data connectivity between a packet-switched data network such as the internet and the,ATs,.,Forward Link Physical Channel,1,X EV-DO,Forward,Channels,Pilot,Medium,Access,Control,Traffic,Control,Reverse,Power Control,(,RPC),Reverse,Activity Bit,(,RAB),DRC,Lock Bit,ARQ,TDM of Forward Link Channel,Data,400,chips,RPC/,RAB/DRC Lock,RPC/,RAB/DRC Lock,Active Slot,64,RPC/,RAB/DRC Lock,Pilot,96,64,RPC/,RAB/DRC Lock,Data,400,chips,Data,400,chips,64,Pilot,96,chips,64,Data,400,chips,chips,1024,chips = half slot,1024,chips = half slot,System time,1,Slot,8,Slots,1,slot = 1.667 ms,1/2,frame = 13.33 ms,Frame = 26.67 ms,16,Slots,5,0,2,3,1,5,4,6,7,5,5,12,14,15,13,5,8,10,11,9,4,Slots,2,Slots,4,slot = 6.66 ms,2,slot = 3.33 ms,Idle Slot,64,RPC/,RAB/DRC Lock,Pilot,96,64,RPC/,RAB/DRC Lock,chips,64,RPC/,RAB/DRC Lock,Pilot,96,64,RPC/,RAB/DRC Lock,chips,Reverse Link Physical Channel,Reverse,Channels,Pilot,Medium,Access,Control,Data,Reverse Rate,Indicator,(,RRI),Data Rate,Control,(,DRC),Pilot,Data,Traffic,Access,Ack,Auxiliary,Pilot,Data Source,Control,(,DSC),Reverse Link Frame Structure,Reverse Link Frame Structure,cdma20001x EV DO Rev 0,Optimized support for downlink intensive (asymmetric), delay-tolerant applications,Web browsing, File Transfer, WAP etc,Goals,Capacity and Coverage Enhancement,Support for QoS,Capacity Enhancement,Forward Link,2.4Mbps peak data rate,Physical Layer H-ARQ,Multi-user diversity scheduler,Diversity reception,Reverse Link,153.6Kbps peak data rate,Reverse rate is controlled by several factors,cdma20001x EV DO Rev A,Physical Layer,Improved support for QoS-sensitive services,Rapid connection setup with improved terminal battery life,Higher rate access channel (up to 38.4kbps) with shorter preamble (4-slots),Short inter-transmit interval on control channel,Short packet control channel (4-slots) in Idle state,Efficient resource allocation for both low latency and delay tolerant data sources,AN controlled tradeoff (per flow) between capacity and latency,Finer rate quantization,Additional data rates on Forward Link and Reverse Link,Latency target determines effective data rate,Improved packing efficiency,Multi-user packets on Forward Link,- A single physical layer packet can carry data for multiple ATs,Higher peak data rates,3.1Mbps on Forward Link (2.45 Mbps in 1x EV DO Rev 0),1.8Mbps on Reverse Link (153.6 Kbps in 1x EV DO Rev 0),EVDO,基站测试,标准：,C.S0032-A,EVDO,基站测试,测试项目,Frequency Coverage,Frequency Tolerance,Pilot Channel Time Tolerance,Waveform Quality,RPC Channel time Respose,Forward Traffic Channel Response to ACK Channel,Total Output Power,Pilot/MAC Channel Power,Code Domain Power,Conducted Spurious Emissions,Inter-Sector Transmitter Intermodulation,Occupied Bandwidth,EVDO,基站测试,Frequency Coverage,Frequency Tolerance,Definition,The frequency tolerance is defined as the maximum allowed difference between the actual CDMA transmit carrier frequency and the specified CDMA transmit frequency assignment.This test shall apply to every band class that the sector supports.,Minimum Standard,For all operating temperatures specified by the manufacturer, the average frequency difference between the actual CDMA transmit carrier frequency and specified CDMA transmit frequency assignment shall be less than 5,10-8 of the frequency assignment (0.05 ppm).,EVDO,基站测试,Waveform Quality,Definition,The waveform quality is measured by determining the normalized correlated power between the actual waveform and the ideal waveform. This test is performed with a single carrier and single sector only.,Minimum Standard,The normalized cross correlation coefficient,pilot shall be greater than 0.97 (excess power,13, 0.13 dB).,The normalized cross correlation coefficient,MAC shall be greater than 0.912 (excess power 0.4 dB).,The normalized cross correlation coefficient,data shall be greater than 0.97 (excess power 0.13 dB) for all data rates.,EVDO,基站测试,Total Power,Definition,Within each slot, the Pilot, MAC, and Traffic or Control Channels shall be time-division multiplexed. All time-division multiplexed channels shall be transmitted at equal power. This test measures the time response of the mean output power for non-idle slots and the mean power at the RF output port.,Minimum Standard,EVDO,基站测试,Pilot/MAC Channel Power,Definition,The Pilot/MAC Channels are transmitted in bursts of 224 chips every half slot. In idle slots(when there is no data to transmit on the Control or Forward Traffic Channels) these bursts are gated in time. This test measures the time response of the mean output power for idle slots (Pilot/MAC bursts).,Minimum Standard,EVDO,基站测试,Conducted Spurious Emissions,Definition,The conducted spurious emissions are emissions at frequencies that are outside the assigned CDMA Channel, measured at the sector RF output port. Conducted spurious emissions are measured for two test conditions: Case 1: Continuous Data Mode (no idle slots) Case 2: Idle Mode (all idle slots, except the Control Channel). Note: Inhibiting Control Channel transmissions is optional for Case 2.,Minimum Standard,Refer to standard.,EVDO,基站测试,Inter-Sector Transmitter Intermodulation,Definition,The inter-sector transmitter intermodulation occurs when an external signal source is introduced to the antenna connector of the sector. This test verifies that conducted spurious emissions are still met with the presence of the interfering source.,Minimum Standard,Refer to standard.,EVDO,基站测试,Occupied Bandwidth,Definition,The occupied bandwidth is defined as the frequency range, whereby the power of emissions averaged over the frequency above and under the edge frequency are 0.5% each of the total radiation power of a modulated carrier.,Minimum Standard,The occupied bandwidth shall not exceed 1.48MHz.,
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