unit 4 the earth is becoming warmer

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,*,*,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,*,*,The earth is becoming warmer-but does it matter?,Fast Reading,Glance quickly at the magazine article and answer the questions.,Sophie Armstrong wrote the magazine article. The name of the magazine is “Earth care”.,2.What are the names of the three scientists mentioned in the article?,They are Dr.Janice Foster,Charles Keeling and George Hambley.,1.Who wrote the magazine article? What is the name of the magazine?,3.What do they think about global warming? Do they agree with one another?,They dont agree with each other.,Some think the effects will be terrible, while some others believe that we should not worry about it.,Dr. Janice Foster thinks the effects of global warming could be very serious.,George Hambley thinks global warming will be mild with few bad environmental consequences.,Construction,Part 1,(1),Introduce a debate over the issue of global warming.,Main idea of each part,Part 2,(2-5),How global warming comes about.,Part 3,(6),List two different attitudes among scientists towards global warming.,Part 4,(7),Its up to readers to think and decide whether people should do something about global warming or not.,compare to,也可用,compare with,用于比较不同事物,.,Their prices are low compared to those in other shops.,用法比较:,compare,A,with,B,把, ,和, ,相比。,Researchers,compared,living conditions in London,with,those in other cities.,compare,A,to,B,把, ,比成, ,，比较两者的相似之处。,Poets like to compare death to sleep.,compare,1)The town has changed a lot _,_,what it was before.,2) We often _young people _ the rising sun.,3) _ this _ that , and youll see which is better.,compared to/with,compare,to,Compare,with,So how has this,come about,and does it matter?,come about出现，发生,What has come about?,发生了什么事？,常见词组：,come across偶然遇见 come back to life复活,come to恢复知觉；总共，总计 come on快，走吧；加油,come out显露；出版，发行 come into being形成，出现,come round恢复知觉；醒过来 come along出现；进步，,come back回来，（旧事）在记忆中出现,come up with提出，想出（计划等）,come through经历仍然活着，安全度过,注意,以下表示发生的单词和短语均不能用被动语态：,take place多指预料中或按计划要发生,break out多指战争，火灾，瘟疫等的发生,occur可指偶然发生，也可指按计划发生,happen指偶然发生，常用于sth. happens(to do)结构,Its already 10 oolock.I wonder how it_ that she was two hours late on such a short trip.,A.came over B.came out,C.came about D.came up,1.There is no doubt that the earth is becoming warmer but there is fierce debate over whether it is human activity that has caused this global warming or whether it is just a natural phenomenon.,毫无疑问地球在变暖，但究竟是人类活动使地球变暖还是它仅仅是一种自然现象，就此引发了激烈的争论,。,“,There is no doubtbut there is fierce debate,”,是主句，是一个并列句； “,There is no doubt,”,分句中的“,that ,”,是同位语从句， “,but there is fierce debate,”,分句中有两个由,whether,引导的宾语从句。作介词,over,的宾语，第一个宾语从句中又有一个强调句型,.,常用结构：,There is no need,没有必要,There is no question,是没有问题的,There is no reason,没有理由,There is no possibility that,是没有可能的,There is no knowing/telling,没法知道,/,说,It is a/no wonder that ,真奇怪,/,真令人吃惊,It is no use/good that,It is no use/good doing sth,There is some doubt,whether,John will come on time.,约翰会不会准时来,有些疑问,。,她说了实话，这一点似乎是没有疑问,。,There seems to be,no doubt,that,she has told the truth.,_ was no _ that he was a fine scholar.,A. There; doubt B. It; doubt,C. There; wonder D. It; question,2. _ no knowing what he could do. He might get a job tomorrow. He might stay out of work for weeks.,A. There is B. It is,C. There was D. It was,random,adj.,随意的,胡乱的,随机的,randomly,at random 任意地随便地,phenomenon (sing.) phenomena (pl.),the phenomena of nature自然现象,a social phenomenon 社会现象,Subscribe,1. VERB 同意;赞成 If you subscribe to an opinion or belief, you are one of a number of people who have this opinion or belief.,Ive personally never subscribed to the view that either sex is superior to the other.,我个人从来都不同意性别有优劣之分的观点。,2. VERB 订阅，订购(杂志或报纸) If you subscribe to a magazine or a newspaper, you pay to receive copies of it regularly.,My main reason for subscribing to New Scientist is to keep abreast of advances in science.我订阅新科学家主要是为了了解科学的最新进展。,3,. VERB 定期资助;定期捐款;定期捐助 If you subscribe to a charity or a campaign, you send money to it regularly.,I subscribe to a few favourite charities.,我定期向几个中意的慈善机构捐款。,单词扩展：,subscriber 订阅人 subscription订阅费;订购,This is,when,small amounts of gases in the atmosphere, like carbon dioxide, methane and water vapour, trap heat from the sun and therefore warm the earth.,这是当空气中的少量气体像二氧化碳、甲烷和水蒸气将太阳的热量保存住而散发不出去时，因此就使地球变暖。,when,引导表语从句,quantity n.(u),数量,He prefers quantity to quality when food is concerned.,词义拓展,：,quantity n.(c ),数量,Police found a large quantity of illegal drugs.,Quantities of books were on the desk.,Para2,quantities of,大量的,既可以修饰可数名词，又可以修饰不可数名词。,Quantities of apples were on the table.,桌子上有很多苹果。,Huge quantities of oil were shipped to Japan last year.,去年大量的石油被海运到日本。,联想拓展,in quantity/in large quantities 大量的,in small quantities 少量的,易混辨析,：,a quantity of/quantities of,同,：,都可译为“大量的”，都既可修饰可数名词又可修饰不可数名词,异：,a quantity of的谓语动词根据其后的名词而定，跟可数名词复数时谓语动词用复数，跟不可数名词时谓语动词用单数。,quantities of 后无论跟可数名词还是不可数名词，谓语动词一律用复数。,A large quantity of air conditioners have been sold since the summer came,.,入夏以来，已有大量的空调售出。,As a result of destroying the forest, a large _ of desert _ covered the land.,number; has B. quantity; has,C. number; have D. quantity; have,2) Every day large quantities of water _ into rivers without being cleaned.,is poured B. is pouring,C. are poured D. are pouring,It means that more heat energy,tends,to be trapped in the atmosphere,causing,the global tempertaure to,go up,.,causing现在分词短语置于句尾，通常和句子隔开，作结果状语。,现在分词作结果状语时，表示正常的结果,His father died, leaving him a lot of money and a big company.,不定式短语也可以置于句尾，有时前面加only,在句子中作结果状语，但往往表示出乎意料之外的或事与愿违的结果,.,例如：,He hurried to the station, only to find that th train had left already.,tend,1.,VERB 往往会；经常就 If something tends to happen, it usually happens or it often happens.,They tend to buy cheap processed foods like canned chicken and macaroni.,他们往往会买便宜的加工食品，像鸡肉罐头和通心粉之类的。,2.VERB 倾向于，容易表现出(某种特性) If you tend towards a particular characteristic, you often display that characteristic.,Artistic and intellectual people tend towards left-wing views.,搞艺术的人和知识分子容易持“左倾”观点。,3. VERB 护理;照料;照看 If you tend someone or something, you do what is necessary to keep them in a good condition or to improve their condition.,For years he tended her in her painful illness.,多年来她一直受到病痛的折磨，都是他在照料。,5. VERB 照顾;照管;伺候 If you tend to someone or something, you pay attention to them and deal with their problems and needs.,In our culture, girls are brought up to tend to the needs of others.,在我们的文化里，女孩从小就学着照料别人。,go up,1)（价格，数量等）上涨，增加；（水平）提高,Prices have gone up again.,2)(楼房)建造起来，（标牌）装上去,New buildings are going up everywhere.,3)爆炸；烧毁,The whole building went up in flames.,词组：,go around传播，传扬 go by消失；经过go down下降；下沉；坠落；降价go in for参加（考试）；应试go over视察；查看，查阅；复习go through经历；遭受,On the other hand, there are those, like scientists George Hambley, who believe that we should not worry about high levels of carbon dioxide in the air and that some scientists concerns about global warming are just speculation.,另一方面，有些科学家，如,George Hambley,，认为我们不应该为空气中二氧化碳的含量高担心，他们还认为一些科学家对地球变暖的担心只是一些猜想。,主句是 “,there are those”, “like scientists George Hambley”,是介词短语作定语， “,who believe that”are just speculation”,是非限制性定语从句，都修饰,those; believe,后有两个宾语从句，都由,that,引导。,on the other hand,介词短语作状语从句，修饰全句。,mild,adj.,1) 温和的,温柔的,He is the mildest man alive.,他是世上最和善的人了。,2) 温暖的,暖和的,Its been a mild winter this year.,今年的冬天一直很暖和。,3) 味淡的,不浓烈的,Please make my drink a mild one.,请把我的酒调得淡一点。,4) 轻微的,不重的;宽大的,He was given a mild punishment. 他被从轻发落。,state,-,statement,The witness stated that she had never seen Mr. Smith陈述;声明;说明,Ice is the solid state of water .形态,In china, the railway are owned by the state.国家,政府,There are 50 states in America,.州,Everything was in a state of disorder.状态,The president has made an important statement about the matter.,声明,state是常用词，只人或物所处的外表、心理、健康及所处的情形等方面的情况，但不如condition具体，只用作单数形式。The house was in a dirty state.,condition是常用词，用作单数形式，表示人或物目前所处的真实具体状态，尤指内在状态，可与state替用；eg. be in poor/good condition,用作复数形式时，笼统地表示一般状态。eg. poor working conditions,situation是一般用词，尤指处于某时期的状况，处境，局面，形势。指各种具体情况综合起来的状态，多指危急或重大的事态，强调外部因素对该事态的影响，常用作单数形式。 eg.find oneself in an embarrassing situation,position 有利的状况（如竞争中或战争中的）(尤作单数)处境，情势（尤指影响某人行为的能力）eg.I am not in a position to help you.我帮不了你。,range n.,范围、排列；,v.,排列、安置；漫游；在某范围内变化；,常用短语：,in range of,一系列的,in range,在射程内,out of range,在射程外,beyond the range of,超越,范围,out of ones range,某人达不到的,keep on 继续（进行）；继续下去,Will you keep on the course of exercises until you are thinner?,你要继续这项训练直到身体瘦下来为止吗？,I wont keep on waiting more than half a minute.,我不会让你久等的。,链接：,keep away使离开,keep off避开，不接近,keep up with跟上；赶上；不落后,keep back阻止，阻挡；扣下，留下,keep up继续下去，保持同步,