Emily_Dickinson_(1830-1886)_艾米莉·狄金森

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,Emily Dickinson (1830-1886),艾米莉,狄金森,“,the Belle of Amherst”,Her life,Her works,Her poems themes,Her writing style,Appreciation about some her poems,Emily Elizabeth Dickinson was born in Amherst,a small town in the state of Massachusetts.,on December 10, 1830.,She was born into a Calvinist family.,Her father was a very wealthy, successful and prominent lawyer and politician.,But she was very passive about any social and political activities.,Dickinson was educated at Amherst Academy and Mount Holyoke Female Seminary in South Hadley, Massachusetts,Emily Dickinson: Life Facts,Went to D.C. with her father, a congressman, because she had fallen in love with a married lawyer, who soon died of TB.,There fell in love with another married man, a minister.,Unrequited Love,because of the failure of her love affairs, she began to isolate herself from others and lived a solitary life.,The only contact she had with family was in whimsical, epigrammatic letters.,She often lowered snacks and treats in baskets to neighborhood children from her window, careful never to let them see her face.,She almost always wore white.,Dickinson seldom left her house and visitors were scarce.,All through her life, she did not get married and lived a very quiet, lonely life in a village.,A Withdrawn Life,In her family library, she had access to many religious works as well as books by Emerson, other transcendentalists and current magazines,about 20, began to write poems,The first person to notice Dickinsons talent was Thomas Wentworth Higginson.,Higginson became a life long correspondent and a mentor.,Dickinson had contact with few people, but one was Reverend Charles Wadsworth.,Dickinson also befriended novelist Helen Jackson.,Mentors and Fellow Poets,Higginson advised Dickinson not to get her poetry published because of her violation of contemporary literary convention.,Helen Jackson tried to convince her to get her work published but her requests were unsuccessful.,She never approved of publishing her poems and requested her sister,Lavinia,to destroy all of her pomes,Before her death, only seven poems were published. But after her death, her sister found that she left a large number of poems, altogether, it was about 1800 poems.,After Dickinsons death, her sister, Lavina, had Emilys poetry published and then burnt the original copies, because that was her sisters wish.,To Publish or Not to Publish,Emily Dickinson,The Homestead 1813,The Homestead,Repainted Homestead,The Dickinson Homestead in Amherst, Massachusetts(bedroom),Dickinsons Room,Dickinsons Room,The Dickinson Homestead in Amherst, Massachusetts(Dress),Newly Discovered Photo,Her Grave,Dickensons Major Works,(1),My Life Closed Twice before Its Close,我的生命结束之前已经结束了两次,(2),Because I Couldnt Stop for Death,因为我不能等待死亡,(3),I Heard a Fly Buzz When I died,我死时听到苍蝇的嗡嗡声,(4),Mine by the Right of the White Election,我的根据白色选举的权利,(5),Wild Nights Wild Nights,狂风夜,狂风夜,(6) Death is a Dialogue between,死是一场对话,(7) The Soul selects her own Society,心灵选择了自己的友伴,(8) I died for Beauty but was scarce,我为美而死,Her poems themes:,based on her own experiences/joys/sorrows and imagination.,(1) religion ,doubt and belief about religious subjects,(2) death and immortality,(3) love suffering and frustration caused by love,(4) physical aspect of desire,(5) nature benevolent (kind) and cruel,(6) free will and human responsibility,Dickinsons religious poems,She wrote about her doubt and belief about religious subjects. While she desired salvation and immortality, she denied the orthodox(,正统的,) view of paradise. Although she believed in God, she sometimes doubted His benevolence.,248,Whydo they shut Me out of Heaven?,Did I singtoo loud?,ButI can say a little Minor,Timid as a Bird!,Wouldnt the Angels try me,Justoncemore,Justseeif I troubled them,But dontshut the door!,Oh, if Iwere the Gentleman,In the White Robe,And theywere the little Handthat knocked,CouldIforbid?,Her poems concerningdeath and immortality,These poems are closely related to her religious poetry, ranging over the physical as well as the psychological and emotional aspects of death. She showed her,ambiguous,attitude towards death and immortality. She looked at death from the point of view of both the living and the dying. She even imagined her own death, the loss of her own body, and the journey of her soul to the unknown.,Her love poems,Love is another subject Dickinson dwelt on.,One group of her love poems treats the,suffering and frustration love can cause,. These poems are clearly the reflection of her own unhappy experience, closely related to her deepest and most private feelings. Many of them are striking and original depictions of the longing for shared moments, the pain of separation, and the futility of finding happiness.,Her Love Poems,The other group of love poems focuses on the,physical aspect of desire, in which Dickinson dealt with, allegorically, the influence of the male authorities over the female, emphasizing the power of physical attraction and expressing a mixture of fear and fascination for the mysterious magnetism between sexes.,However, it is those poems dealing with marriage that have aroused critical attention first and showed Dickinsons confusion and doubt about the role of women in the 19th century America.,I HIDE myself within my flower,I HIDE myself within my flower,That wearing on your breast,You, unsuspecting, wear me too,And angels know the rest.,I hide myself within my flower,That, fading from your vase,You, unsuspecting, feel for me,Almost a loneliness,A love poem,249,Wild Nights,Wild Nights!,Were I with thee,Wild Nights should be,Our luxury!,Futile,the Winds,To a Heart in port,Done with the Compass,Done with the Chart!,Rowing in Eden,Ah, the Sea!,Might I but moor,Tonight,In Thee!,Her nature poems,More than 500 of her poems are about nature, in which her general,skepticism about the relationship between man and nature,is well-expressed.,On the one hand, she shared with her romantic and transcendental predecessors who believed that a mythical bond between man and nature existed, that nature revealed to man things about mankind and universe. On the other hand, she felt strongly about natures inscrutability(,神秘莫测,) and indifference to the life and interests of human beings.,Her nature poems,Dickinson managed to write about nature in the,affirmation of the sheer joy and the appreciation, unaffected by philosophical speculations. Her acute observations, her concern for precise details and her interest in nature are pervasive, from sketches of flowers, insects, birds, to the sunset, the fully detailed summer storms, the change of seasons; from keen perception to witty analysis.,TWO butterflies went out at noon,And waltzed above a stream,Then stepped straight through the firmament,And rested on a beam;,And then together bore away,Upon a shining sea,Though never yet, in any port,Their coming mentioned be.,If spoken by the distant bird,If met in ether sea,By frigate or by merchantman,Report was not to me.,A Bird came down the Walk,He did not know I saw ,He bit an Angleworm in halves,And ate the fellow, raw.,And then he drank a Dew,From a convenient Grass ,And then hopped sidewise to the Wall,To let a Beetle pass ,He glanced with rapid eyes,That hurried all around ,They looked like frightened Beads, I thought ,He stirred his Velvet Head,Like one in danger, Cautious,I offered him a Crumb,And he unrolled his feathers,And rowed him softer home ,Than Oars divide the Ocean,Too silver for a seam ,Or Butterflies, off Banks of Noon,Leap,plashless,as they swim.,Themes,Dickinsons poems are usually based on her own experiences, her sorrows and joys. But within her little lyrics Dickinson addresses those issues that concern the whole human beings, which include religion, death, immortality, love, and nature.,Her style,(1) poems without titles (2) capital letters emphasis,(3) severe economy of expression (4) directness, brevity (5) musical device to create cadence (rhythm) (6) short poems, mainly two stanzas (7) rhetoric techniques: personification make some of abstract ideas vivid,(8) use a lot of dashes.,Artistic features,Her poetry is,unique and unconventional,in its own way.,Her poems,have no titles, hence are always quoted by their first lines.,In her poetry there,is a particular stress pattern, in which,dashes,are used as a musical device to create cadence(,韵律,) and,capital letters,as a means of emphasis.,Most of her poems borrow the repeated four-line, rhymed stanzas of traditional Christian hymns,（圣歌）, with two lines of four-beat meter alternating with two lines of three-beat meter.,A master of,imagery,that makes the spiritual materialize in surprising ways.,Artistic features,Simple form: She used,imperfect rhymes,subtle breaks of rhythm, and idiosyncratic,（,特殊癖好的,）,syntax and punctuation to create fascinating word puzzles, which have produced greatly divergent interpretations over the years.,Dickinsons,irregular or sometimes inverted sentence structure,confuses readers.,Her poetic idiom is noted for its laconic,（,用字简洁的,）,brevity, directness and plainness,.,Her poems are usually short, rarely more than twenty lines, and many of them are centered on a single image or symbol and focused on one subject matter.,Remarkable for its,variety, subtlety and richness,.,Because I Could Not Stop for Death,Because I could not stop for DeathHe kindly stopped for meThe Carriage held but just OurselvesAnd Immortality.,因为我不能停下来等待死神,他和善地停下来等我,那辆车只能容我们两个,还有不朽。,Stanza 1: The angel of death, in the image of a kind person, comes in a carriage for the sake of Immortality and the poet.,We slowly droveHe knew no hasteAnd I had put awayMy labor and my leisure too,For His Civility,我们慢慢驱车，他不慌不忙,我也把我的劳与闲,统统丢掉一边，,为了他的礼让,Stanza 2: To show my politeness to god of death, I gave up my work and my enjoyment of life as well; I give up my life.,We passed the School, where Children stroveAt Recessin the RingWe passed the Fields of Gazing Grain,We passed the Setting Sun,我们走过校园，孩子们你推我搡，,在休息时间，在圆形广场,我们走过在田间凝眸的麦杆,我们走过落日旁,Stanza 3: The journey of our carriage implied the experience of human life; school implies time of childhood; the fields of gazing grain, for youth and adulthood; while the setting sun, for old age.,Or ratherHe passed UsThe Dews drew quivering and chillFor only Gossamer, my GownMy Tippetonly Tulle,或毋宁说，他走过我们身旁,寒露降，身子冻得打颤,因为我的长衫落纱般,我的披肩如丝网,Stanza 4: Probably we may say the sun sets before we reach the destination-the night falls, death arrives. I felt a fear and chilly after death, for my shroud is thin and my scarf too light. Despite the description of “death”, the usual gloomy and horrifying atmosphere is lightened by the poetess with the elegantly fluttering clothing she describes.,We paused before a House that seemedA Swelling of the GroundThe Roof was scarcely visibleThe Cornicein the Ground,我们停步在一所房子前，,那似乎是隆起的土地一片,屋顶几乎看不见,屋檐在地里面,Since thentis Centuriesand yetFeels shorter than the DayI first surmised the Horses HeadsWere toward Eternity,离那时已是几个世纪，但好像,过了还不到一天，,我首次猜测到，马头,在朝向永恒奔窜。,Stanza 5&6. Several centuries had passed since the arrival of death upon me. However, I felt it is shorter than a day. On that day I suddenly realized that death is the starting point for eternity, and the carriage is heading towards it.,Characters,Narrator,: She is a woman who calmly accepts death. In fact, she seems to welcome death as a suitor who she plans marry.,Death,: The suitor who comes calling for the narrator to escort her to eternity.,Immortality,: A passenger in the carriage.,Children,: Boys and girls at play in a schoolyard. They symbolize early life.,This is one of Dickinsons most celebrated poems describing death. It possesses many features typical of her poetry.,Death is not to be feared since it is a natural part of the endless cycle of nature.,Themes-Death,Death is one of the main themes covered by this poem.,In this poem, Death is a gentleman who follows the rules of courtship that a gentleman calling for a lady would have to follow. He cannot just come and take her, but a third party, Immortality, must come along and chaperon their ride, to make sure that Death does not do anything improper. Also, Death cannot rush, but has to drive slowly, because he is not simply in the business of grabbing souls; he has taste and sensibility.,The death we see in this poem is not a thing to be feared. Because of Dickinsons religious belief in immortal life, the significance of Death itself is diminished: it is as powerless in this situation as the person who is being carried away and as trapped by manners as the dying are by biology.,Themes-Cycle of Life,The images that describe what is seen in the carriage ride, all suggest that life is a cycle, that the cradle-to-grave motion brings us back to where we started from.,The most obvious example of this is the children playing,“in a ring”,: not only is the ring symbolic of an endless circle, but the fact that one sees children testing their strength indicates that the dying speaker has come back to where she came from.,Fields of grain,remind us of the cycle of life because they repeat the whole motion year after year, from planting to harvesting. The,setting sun,indicates an ending, but it is only temporary.,Themes-Time,A key in this poem is how time passes at a different pace under different circumstances.,The tour around town that takes place so slowly could be based upon the old superstition about ones entire life flashing before ones eyes at the instant of dying. On the other hand, it could be Dickinsons way of showing that Death is a comfort and that it is as much a part of life as all of the other things that are observed.,After death, the flow of time changes for the poems speaker: while a moment once revealed things that would have taken hours to see, centuries now feel shorter than a day.,Techniques,well constructed, easily understood, and filled with many poetic conventions.,Many rhetorical devices are used in this poem, such as,personification,(Death and immortality are personified as “He”.),image or symbols,especially in the third stanza. Other symbols include “Carriage” , “,House”(Ground,) etc.,She also uses,punctuation,for musicality and,capitalization,for emphasis.,