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单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,Unit One Efficient Reading,Lesson Two,Developing Reading Flexibility,Generally, the ability to adjust your reading rate and,methods to suit the type of material you are reading,and your purpose of reading is called reading flexibility.,Becoming a flexible reader involves making decisions,about how you will read a given piece of material. How,you will read depends on why you are reading and how,much you intend to remember. Rate and comprehension,are the two most important factors. Your goal is to,achieve a balance that suits the nature of the material,and your purpose of reading.,Principles of Efficiency and Flexibility,Each of the following statements expresses one of the,major principles of reading efficiency and flexibility.,1. You do not always have to read everything.,2. Not everything on a page is of equal importance.,3. There are shortcuts that can save valuable time and,make reading or learning easier.,4. It is possible to increase your reading rate without,losing comprehension.,5. Not everything that appears in print is true.,Lesson 2,The New school Choice,Reading Selection A,CATALOGUE,Warm-up Activities,About the Author,Background Information,Language Points,Keys,Warm-up Activities,What do you think of quality education?,Will it be successful?,About the Author,Mary Lord,is a contemporary American freelance writer,for newspapers and magazines such as U.S. News &,World Report, Associated Press Write. She has written,many articles about American education.,Background Information,Overview of the American Education System,1. Primary school,American children start school at the age of five years.,The first year at school is called kindergarten. It is,required of all American children enrolled in the,American education system. The second year at school,is considered the first year of primary school and is,referred to as first grade. Primary school most,commonly consists of five years of education, referred,to as first through fifth grades.,Background Information,2. Secondary school,Upon completion of fifth grade (the last year of primary,school), American children enrolled in the American,education system advance to secondary school.,Secondary school most commonly consists of a total of,seven years, referred to as sixth through twelfth grades.,The ninth through twelfth grades are most commonly,referred to as,high school,. Upon completion of twelfth,grade, American students are awarded a certificate,called the high school diploma.,Background Information,In the American education system, students must,have obtained a high school diploma before they are,admitted into college or university. Foreign students,who would like to attend an American college or,university must have completed coursework that is,equivalent to what is taught at an American high,school.,Background Information,3. Undergraduate school,Students who have completed high school and would,like to attend college or university must attend what is,referred to as an undergraduate school. These are,schools that offer either a two-year degree (called an,associate degree,) or a four-year degree (called a,bachelors degree,) in a specific course of study. That,course of study is called the major. While most schools,that offer a four-year degree will admit students who,have not yet chosen a major, all students are required to,select (or declare) a major by their second year at school.,Students who complete an associate degree can,continue their education at a four-year school and,eventually complete a bachelors degree.,Background Information,4. Graduate school,Students who have obtained a bachelors degree can,continue their education by pursuing one of two types,of degrees. The first is a,masters degree,. This is usually,a two-year degree that is highly specialized in a specific,field. Students are sometimes admitted to a masters,degree program only if they have a bachelors degree in,a closely related field. However, there are many,exceptions to this, such as with students who want to,pursue a Masters in Business Administration (MBA),degree. Students who want to advance their education,even further in a specific field can pursue a doctorate,degree, also called a,PhD,.,Background Information,A PhD degree can take between three and six years to,complete, depending on the course of study chosen, the,ability of the student, and the thesis that the student,has selected. The thesis is a very intensive research,paper that must be completed prior to earning the,degree. It is always required of students pursuing a,PhD, and may sometimes be required of students,pursuing a masters degree (depending on the school).,Certain courses of study are only available at the,graduate school level in America. The most notable of,these are law, dentistry, and medicine. Students who,want to pursue a degree in one of these fields must first,obtain a bachelors degree.,Background Information,5. Education, a local matter,The United States does not have a national school,system. Nor, with the exception of the military,academies (for example, the U.S. Naval Academy in,Annapolis, Maryland), are there schools run by the,federal government. But the government provides,guidance and funding for federal educational programs,in which both public and private schools take part, and,the U.S. Department of Education oversees these,programs.,From Hawaii to Delaware, from Alaska to Louisiana,each of the 50 states has its own laws regulating,education. From state to state, some laws are similar,while others are not.,Background Information,Although there is no national curriculum in the,United States, certain subjects are taught in virtually,all elementary and secondary schools throughout the,country.,Language Points,1. *set aside,sth,. such as time or money,keep for a special use or purpose; reserve,留作,之用；抽出,用于,(line 3,para,. 1),尽量抽出时间来做一些修修补补的活儿。,Try and set aside time to do some mending jobs.,政府仅留出这笔钱的,13%,用于卫生和教育。,The government set aside barely thirteen per cent of,this money for health and education.,Language Points,*set aside a belief, principle or feeling,not let it influence you in order to achieve something,more important; disregard or discard it,把,置于一旁；,不顾，不理会，不接受,让我们抛开个人情绪。,Lets set aside our personal feelings.,他不理会我们所有的反对意见。,He set aside all our objections aside.,他们同意搁置分歧，共同为和平而努力。,They agreed to set aside their differences and work,together for peace.,Language Points,*,set aside a decision or,judgement,officially state that it is not legally valid or has no legal,force; quash or overturn it,宣告无效；撤消；驳回,高级法院已经推翻了下级法院的裁决。,The high Court has set aside the lower courts ruling.,最初的裁定最后被最高法院宣告为无效。,The original verdict was eventually set aside by the,Supreme Court.,Language Points,2. hit a particular place,(informal),reach or arrive there,（非正式）到达某地,( line 1, para.2),到达红绿灯处时向左拐。,When you hit the traffic lights, turn left.,到了法院大楼向南转，再走两英里就到我们家。,Bear south after you hit the courthouse and youll find,our house two miles further on.,我们终于走上山脚下的山路，大家心里都如释重负。,It was a great grief when we finally hit the road at the,bottom of the mountain.,Language Points,3. *jump ship,leave a ship without permission,未经允许擅自离船,(line 5,para,. 2),leave a difficult situation when you should stay and,deal with it,临阵脱逃；潜逃,在紧急关头，他会溜之大吉而不去面对危险。,In a crisis, he will jump ship rather than face danger.,Language Points,4. scramble to do,sth,. or for,sth,.,compete with each other to get something or for,something often in a rough or undignified way,争夺，抢夺,( line 5,para,. 4),外交官们竟相努力阻止战争时，紧张局势进一步升级。,Tensions are rising as diplomats scramble to prevent a,war.,游客们抢占最好的位置。,Sightseers had scrambled for the best position.,Language Points,5. *wake-up call,If you say that something is a wake up call to a,person or group of people, you mean that it will make,them notice something and start to take action,警钟,(line 3,para,. 3),大使说，他希望这一声明能给政府敲响警钟。,The Ambassador said he hoped the statement would,serve as a wake up call to the government.,不佳的测验成绩应该给老师们敲响了重重的警钟。,The low test scores should serve as a loud wake up,call to teachers.,a telephone call that you can book through an operator,or at a hotel to make sure that you wake up at a,particular time,催醒电话,Language Points,6. prod,sb,. to do,sth,remind, spur or urge,sb,. to do it,催促，督促，激励,(line 3,para,. 3),国际社会督促冲突个方重新开会。,The International Community prods all parties in the,conflict to go to a renewed conference.,这完全是出于他们的主动，我一点也没有从中催促。,This was on their own initiative, without the least,prodding from me.,你也许得不时激励他一下使他大体上还能符合要求。,You may have to prod him from time and generally,keep him up to the mark.,Language Points,7. let alone,never mind; still less,更不用说,(line 4,para,. 4),无人确切知道发生了什么事情，更不用说是如何发,生的？,No one was sure exactly what had happened, let alone,how.,我连第一章还没看，别说读完全书了。,Ive not even read the first chapter, let alone finished,the book.,英国人自己也常常不能确定什么是俚语，什么不是,俚语，更不要说是外国人了。,Englishmen themselves, let alone foreigners, are often,uncertain what is slang and what isnt.,Language Points,8. draw lots or cast lots,draw straws; make a decision by choosing one of,several pieces of paper with different choices written,on it,抓阄；抽签,(line 6,para,. 4),他们抓阄以决定谁先走。,They drew lots to decide which of them should go first.,Language Points,9. in a row,in succession,连续地；一连串地；不间断地,(line 3,para,. 6),她现在已经连续三次荣获冠军。,She has now won the championship three times in,a row.,他们连续获得了,7,场胜利。,They clocked up seven wins in a row.,他的工作允许他连续休几天假。,His job allows him to take seven days off in a row.,Language Points,10. *break out,separate or be separable into categories, such as data,把,资料分类,(line 5,para,. 6),政府要求各州把成绩按种族和收入分类。,The government requires states to break out scores,by race and income.,begin suddenly,爆发,战争爆发，他志愿从军。,When war broke out he volunteered for service in the,army.,Language Points,*break out from a place,escape from it,逃脱，逃走,1946,年的春天的一个夜晚他逃了出来，搭便车去了南方。,He broke out one spring night in 1946 and hitched,south.,*,break out of an undesirable or dull situation or way,of behaving,manage to change what you do or the way you behave,摆脱（不快或沉闷的处境或行为方式）,我们必须摆脱这种恶性循环。,Weve got to break out of this vicious circle.,她已成功地摆脱窠臼，展现独特的风格。,She had managed to break out of the mould and,achieve something individual.,Language Points,11. stamped,sb,. into doing,sth,.,put a lot pressure on,sb,. in order to make them to do it;,pressurize or influence,迫使（某人仓促做谋事）,(line 5,para,. 6),他们被迫仓促行事而犯了策略上的错误。,They were stampeded into errors in strategy.,顾客们被一下子冲入抢购风。,The customers were stampeded into a wave of panic,buying.,Language Points,12. stem from,arise from,起源于，（由,）造成,(line 1,para,. 7),她的很多问题都源于她的家庭。,Many of her problems stem from her family.,他受到欢迎是因为他出生于该地区。,His popularity stemmed from the fact that he was,born in the area.,当前的罢工浪潮起因于底工资雇员的不满情绪。,The present wave of strikes stems from discontent,among the lower paid.,Language Points,13. *wind up,end something,结束,( line 3,para,. 7),我们现在停止吧。,Lets wind up now.,我想尽快结束这次会议。,Id like to wind up the meeting soon.,*,wind up in a particular place or situation,finish up,（以,）告终,要是到头来他进了监狱，才不会让我感到奇怪呢。,It wouldnt surprise me if he winds up in jail.,Language Points,她最后当了教师。,She wound up as a teacher.,如果我连年努力工作，最后会得到什么呢？金钱，,地位和他人的尊敬？,If I work hard for years, what will I wind up with?,Money, position and respect?,Language Points,14. *bail out of something such as a project, situation,or relationship,从,中摆脱出来,(lline3,para,. 9),*,bail out,help someone out of a difficult situation, for example,by giving them money; rescue,帮助（某人）脱离困境；,使从困境中摆脱出来,我要求加薪以便渡过困难。,I asked for a rise so I could bail out.,我们总以为科技一定可以救我们脱离困境。,We assume that technology will always bail us out of,our troubles.,政府被迫出钱帮助这家公司摆脱困境。,The government was forced to bail the company out.,Language Points,hop in/on/out,(informal) jump or get into, onto, or out of a vehicle,quickly , usually to go a short distance,匆匆跳上,（或跳下）车（尤指到不远的地方）,(line 4,para,. 9),上车吧。我顺路送你进城。,Hop in. Ill give you a lift into town.,大家跳进我的车子来开到那儿去吧。,Lets hop in my car and drive out there.,我决定跳上飞机，尾随他而去。,I decided to hop on a plane and go after him.,他一骨碌跳下床。,He hopped out of bed.,Keys,I. READING COMPREHENSION,1. D 2. C 3. D 4. D 5. B 6. A 7. B 8. B 9. C 10. A,.VOCABULARY,A.,1.D 2.A 3.D 4.C 5.B 6.C 7.A 8.A 9.C 10.D,B.,1.let alone 2.draw lots 3.in a row 4.wound up with,5.bail out 6.hop on 7.vow 8.weigh,9.lofty 10.briefed,.CLOZE,1.live with 2.reassured 3.Given 4.ranked 5.all but,6.generation 7.By contrast 8.in response to,9.matters 10.predictor,Keys,.TRANSLATION,12002,年初布什总统签署了一项,不让一个孩子落后,的重大法案，誓言要把“困在那些教学质量不佳又不进行,改革的学校里的孩子”解救出来。,2002,年,7,月,1,日美国教育,部宣布有,8,652,所学校被列为“长期教学质量低下”的学校，,现在这些学校中的学生必须在今后的几天内考虑决定他们,是否要转学,同时各个学区也在忙着为符合转学条件的学,生提供帮助和服务以抓住选择的机会。,2,对于那些在教学改革旋涡中挣扎的学校的校长、老师,和学生来说，这一法案的直接后果则是迷惑与混乱。他们,认为该法案制订的教学改革标准太高而又没有说明各学区,如何达到这些标准。,Keys,3“,我们要对公众负责，但是我们也需要看看该法案提出,的方法是否切实可行。”,4,一所学校连续两年在州水平考试中没有表现出“足够的,年度改进”就会被认为是不合格的学校，但是联邦教育部,并没有提供一个具有权威性的不合格学校的名单让学生家,长作为参考，而是要求各州各自确定不合格学校的名单，,并且要求他们把学生的考试成绩按照学生的种族和家庭收,入进行分类。新法案还规定各州要公布便于学生和家长查,找的不合格学校的名单，但是没有几个州能很快拿出来。,Keys,5,教育部次长，前宾夕法尼亚州学校总监,Eugene,Hickok,也承认“该法案的实施可能会引起一些混乱”，但是他又说,各州也不应为此而大惊小怪。教育部长,Rod Paige,已经向,各学区主管人士就有关改革事宜做了扼要指示并通报了全,国。他说,即使在如纽约和芝加哥这样的大城市“接收择校,生比较困难”，但“法律就是法律”。,6 Wooten,说：“人很容易放弃自我,而去赶别人的潮流，,但正如其他的美国人一样，我们都有成功的机会。我们为,什么不开创自己的潮流呢？”,Keys,.ORAL PRACTICE AND DISCUSSION,What is the authors attitude towards the new federal,law? What makes you think so?,The author is objective in reporting the new law but is,pessimistic about the practical implementation of it.,The author reports in a small portion in the selection,about the background, the mandate and the purpose of,the new law, but she reports in a large portion about,the immediate impact and the problems brought about,by the implementation of the new law and the,responses of some of the local school systems and,students parents.,Keys,2. What is the purpose of the new federal law?,And what is the immediate impact of the new law?,The purpose of the new federal law is to “wake-up”,the schools that “will not change and will not teach”,and prod them to improve. But the immediate impact,for many principals, teachers, and students struggling,in the educational trenches is bewildermentand,turmoil.,Keys,3. Why did the Mayor of Chicago call the new law,ridiculous?,Mayor Richard Daley called the mandate ridiculous,because there are far from enough seats available for,the overwhelming transferees and the school system,has no idea how to handle the issue.,Keys,4. Why did the author say that the new law has,brought good news to the failing schools?,After the media reported the failing schools, businesses,and individuals came to offer them help. Businesses,donated computers, volunteers helped tutor kids and,equip classroom. “A lot of good things are going to,come out of it,” predicts Principal Joy Taylor.,Keys,5. Why did Terri Wooten decide to keep her kids in,their school?,Wooten says test scores dont reflect the schools many,good teachers, its strong principal, or its accelerated,reading program. She believes the school and her kids,will be doing well. Wooten says, “.we have the,potential to be great, just like everyone else in this,nation.”,Thank you!,
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