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Click to edit Master text styles,Second level,Third level,Fourth level,Fifth level,Company Logo,*,Click to edit Master title style,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,Unit 4,Write between the lines,Text 1,Warming-Up Activity,Text I:,author,Text I:,Comprehension and Analysis,Text I:,Appreciation,Text I: further analysis,Text I:,Language Study,Text I:,review,Text II,themegallery,What does the title mean,themegallery,write between the lines,not a set phrase, a piece of good advice on how to “read efficiently, read is replaced with write to stress the importance of writing notes and comments while one is reading,themegallery,旧唐书徐有功传,“为政宽仁，不行仗罚,“数犯颜争枉直,“岳飞、文天祥、曾静、戴名世、瞿秋白、方志敏、邓演达、杨虎城、闻一多诸辈，以身殉志，不亦伟乎!,毛泽东批注,themegallery,An Example of Writing between the Lines,脂砚斋重评石头记，与石头记相辅相成，是不可缺少的补充。,themegallery,黛玉方进入房时，只见两个人搀着一位鬓发如银的老母迎上来，黛玉便知是他外祖母。方欲拜见时，早被他外祖母一把搂入怀中，心肝儿肉叫着大哭起来。【几千斤力量写此一笔。】当下地下侍立之人，无不掩面涕泣。【旁写一笔，更妙！】众人见黛玉年貌虽小，其举止言谈不俗，身体面庞虽怯弱不胜，【写美人是如此笔仗，看官怎得不叫绝称赏！】却有一段自然的风流态度。【众人目中，只此一句足矣！】宝玉早已看见多了一个姊妹，便料定是林姑妈之女，忙来作揖。厮见毕归坐，细看形容，【又从宝玉目中细写一黛玉，直画一美人图。】与众各别：两弯似蹙非蹙笼烟眉，【奇眉妙眉，奇想妙想。】一双似喜非喜含露目。【奇目妙目，奇想妙想。】态生两靥之愁，娇袭一身之病。泪光点点，娇喘微微。闲静时如姣花照水，行动处似弱柳扶风。【至此八句是宝玉眼中。】心较比干多一窍，【此一句是宝玉心中。多一窍固是好事，然未免偏僻了，所谓“过犹不及也。】病如西子胜三分。【此十句定评，直抵一赋。不写衣裙妆饰，正是宝玉眼中不屑之物，故不曾看见。黛玉之举止容貌，亦是宝玉眼中看、心中评。假设不是宝玉，断不能知黛玉是何等品貌。】宝玉看罢，因笑【黛玉见宝玉写一“惊字，宝玉见黛玉写一“笑字，一存于中，一发乎外，可见文于下笔必推敲的准稳，方才用字。】道：【看他第一句是何话。】“这个妹妹我曾见过的。【疯话。与黛玉同心，却是两样笔墨。】,脂砚斋全评石头记,(. . .,an integral part of the book.),themegallery,Read between the lines,perceive or detect a hidden or implied meaning, as in,They say that everythings fine, but reading between the lines I suspect they have some marital problems.,This term comes from cryptography(,密码术,), where in one code reading every second line of a message gives a different meaning from that of the entire text.,themegallery,themegallery,themegallery,themegallery,themegallery,References in classic literature,The countesss silence had subdued and depressed her, but the letter, all that she read between the lines in it, so exasperated her, this malice was so revolting beside her passionate, legitimate tenderness for her son, that she turned against other people and left off blaming herself.,Anna Karenina,by,Tolstoy, Leo,themegallery,References in classic literature,To reveal who he really was would even at this date set the country in a blaze; but as those who read between the lines must already have guessed, he had been at a famous public school; and its traditions still clung to him like garments, with which indeed they are largely concerned.,The Adventures of Peter Pan,by,Barrie, James Matthew,themegallery,References in classic literature,a starved, unloved life she had had-a life of drudgery and poverty and neglect; for Marilla was shrewd enough to read between the lines of Annes history and divine the truth. Anne Of Green Gables by Montgomery, Lucy Maud,清秀佳人红发安妮香港、小孤女中国大陸绿色屋頂之家的安妮,themegallery,write between,the lines,read between,the lines,-,find more meaning than the words appear to express;,-,gather more meanings from a text that are not actually stated, but implied,:-,领会隐含的意义，看出言外之意,write notes and,comments in,the book one,is reading,What does the,title mean,themegallery,What type of writing is this text,In what style is it written,Text 1: Comprehension & Analysis,themegallery,Argumentation,Exposition: explain, inform,Argumentation:,Requirements of argumentation,a debatable/controversial topic,sufficient evidence,good logic,good use of the other three types of writing,an honest and friendly attitude,themegallery,Text 1: Comprehension & Analysis,Part 1,Part 2,Part 3,STRUCTURE,(Para 1) : Introduction,(Paras 2-10): Body,(Para 11): Conclusion,themegallery,Part 1 (Para 1): Introduction,How does the author introduce his topic,Whats the authors assertion,Text 1: Appreciation-introduction,themegallery,Skim paras 210 for the main idea,Text 1: Appreciation-body,themegallery,Conclusion: para 11,Text 1: Appreciation-body,themegallery,Text Appreciation,Text Appreciation,bluntly,speaking in a direct honest way that sometimes upsets people,e.g. Youre drunk, she said bluntly.,To put it bluntly, shes not up to the job.,blunt,not sharp or pointed,opposite sharp,e.g. a blunt pencil,para 2,I contend quite,bluntly, that marking up a book is not an act of mutilation but of love.,themegallery,Contendformal),1. argue, claim; to say sth is true especially in an argument SYN maintain,The defense contended that the evidence was inadmissible.,2. for :Three armed groups were contending for power. (竞争，争取),3. contend with sth to have to deal with a problem or difficult situation:,The rescue team also had bad weather conditions to contend with.,para 2,I,contend,quite bluntly, that marking up a book is not an act of mutilation but of love.,themegallery,paraphrasing,I,argue plainly,that making marks in a book is not something done to spoil it but to show its worth and value.,para 2,I contend quite bluntly, that marking up a book is not an act of mutilation but of love.,themegallery,in some sense,在某种意义上,in the common proper strict literal figurative sense,从通常,本来,严格,字面,比喻,的意义上说,lose ones sense,昏过去,;,发疯,;,失去理性,make sense,(,话等,),有意义,合,有,理,a sense of humour,幽默感,In a certain sense, postgraduate students are also researchers.,para 3,You do not own the beefsteak,in the most important sense,until you.,themegallery,para 3,“You buy a beefsteak and transfer it from the butchers icebox to your own. But you do not own the beefsteak in the most important sense until you consume it and get it into your bloodstream.,What figure,of speech is,adopted in each,quotation,analogy,themegallery,Analogy,类比,Like a simile or a metaphor, an analogy is also a form of comparison, but unlike a simile or a metaphor, which usually concentrates,on one point of resemblance, an analogy draws a parallel between two different things that share,more than one similar quality or point of resemblance.,As a fully elaborated comparison, an analogy provides a more thorough comparison and can be a means of organizing a paragraph, and perhaps even a whole essay.,themegallery,Unlike a simile or a metaphor, an analogy fulfils a different function.,Instead of evoking a quality or emotion, it serves to persuade or explain.,People use something familiar or concrete to explain something unfamiliar or abstract. Geologists, for instance, often describes the structure of the earths crust by comparing the strata to the layers of an onion. Writers also often use analogy in an attempt to explain, as in the following example:,Analogy,类比,themegallery,e.g.,Glove is to hand,as,monitor is to computer,.,Furs were to north American aboriginals as credit is to a shopper.,Notice how there are similarities in the terms used first and the ones that they are compared to. A glove has a similar relation to a hand just as a monitor has to a computer.,Furs served a similar function in North American aboriginals cultures as credit provides in our shopping world of today.,Analogy,类比,themegallery,2 西洋赶驴子的人，每逢驴子不肯走，鞭子没有用，就把一串胡萝卜挂在驴子眼睛之前、唇吻之上。这笨驴子以为走前一步，萝卜就能到嘴，于是一步再一步继续向前，嘴愈要咬，脚愈会赶，不知不觉中又走了一站。那时候它是否吃得到这串萝卜，得看驴夫的快乐。一切机关里，上司驾驭下属，全用这种技巧；譬如高松年就允许鸿渐到下学期升他为教授。自从辛楣一走，鸿渐对于升级这胡萝卜，眼睛也看饱了，嘴突然不馋了，想暑假以后另找出路。,钱钟书围城第八章,Analogy,类比,themegallery,Pupils are more like oysters than sausages. The job of teaching is not to stuff them and then seal them up, but to help them open and reveal the riches within. There are pearls in each of us, if only we knew how to cultivate them with ardor and persistence.,(Sydney J. Harris, What True Education Should Do, 1964),Analogy,类比,themegallery,standard sets:,sets of good books of recognized excellence,para 4,themegallery,an elegantly,bound edition,dog-eared and,dilapidated books,themegallery,The third kind of book owners possess only a few or many books, but every one of them is worn, with,the corners of the leaves folded over, and has become less tightly bound because of constant use. There are marks and informally written notes in each book from cover to cover.,para 4,The third has a few books or manyevery one of them dog-eared and dilapidated, shaken and loosened by continual use,themegallery,.,para 6,Id,no more,scribble all over a first edition of Paradise Lost,than,Id give my baby a set of crayons and an original Rembrandt!,themegallery,Paradise Lost,John Milton,themegallery,Rembrandts self portraits,themegallery,Now an ordinary piece of light fiction like, say, Gone with the wind, doesnt,require,the most active kind of reading.,But a great book rich in ideas and,beauty,demands,the most active reading of which you are capable.,In the two sentences quoted above, the two words mean the same and can be used interchangeably.,para 8,require & demand,themegallery,The physical act of writing, with your hand,brings words and sentences more sharply,before your mind and preserves them better in your memory.,If you write notes in the book yourself, the words and sentences will,stand out more distinctly,in your mind and last longer in your memory.,para 9,themegallery,Scratch pad,便条簿,para 10,themegallery,Presumably:,supposedly (to be true), it may be reasonable to suppose that,e.g.,To everyones disappointment John was absent from the meeting. Presumably he was busy with his new project.,He will presumably resign in view of the complete failure of his policy.,para 11,themegallery,Comprehension is a process involving,both reception and production.,If you remain a container ready only to receive, you cannot expect to learn very much.,consist in,to be based on or depend on something,e.g. Happiness does not,consist in,how many possessions you own.,consist of,consist with,to be compatible; accord,e.g. The information consists with her account.,Text appreciation-ConclusionPara 11,Understanding is a two-way operation; learning doesnt,consist in,being an empty receptacle.,themegallery,The conclusion,(para.11)Marking a book is an expression of the readers agreements or differences of opinion with the author. This serves as a convincing ending.,Text appreciation-Conclusion,themegallery,The main idea,This is a typical piece of argumentation. The writer makes his intention plain at the very beginning: to argue that writing between the lines is an efficient way of reading while presenting details to support his own argument, the writer does not ignore the counter-arguments.,P69 comments,themegallery,But this act of purchase is only the prelude to possession.,Getting the book by payment is merely a preparatory step on the way to ownership.,Translate 方案和列提纲只是写作的前奏曲，一篇论文的撰写还需要经过初稿、修改、编审等环节。,Planning and outlining are only a prelude to writing. Drafting, revising and editing are necessary steps of thesis writing.,Language study,themegallery,1 sb/sth (from sth / from doing sth):,to stop sb/sth from doing sth, especially by,using physical force,He placed a restraining hand on her arm,2 yourself (from sth / from doing sth):,to control your own emotions or behaviour:,3,to stop sth that is growing or increasing from becoming too large,SYN : keep under control,:,The government is taking steps to restrain inflation.,restrain ones anger,抑制愤怒,restrain the prices and profits,限制物价和利润,para 5,but is,restrain,ed by a false respect for their physical appearance.,themegallery,Refrain (formal), (from sth / from doing sth,to stop yourself from doing sth, especially sth that you want to do,They appealed to the protesters to refrain from violence.,He has refrained from criticizing the government in public.,refrain; constrain,themegallery,(L11 Para. 3) ownership: n. the state of possessing something,Vocabulary Extension:,musicianship,乐感；音乐修养,professorship,教授之职,scholarship,奖学金；学识,membership,成员资格,全体会员，会员人数,readership,premiership,总理,/,首相之任期,Language study,themegallery,so to speak:,one might say; if I may use this expression; if I may say it in this way; as it were,Ten years after the devastating earthquake in Tangshan, a new and robust city has emerged, so to speak, from the debris.,约翰可以说是这间俱乐部的领导者,但他在行政职务上只是一名秘书而已。,John was, so to speak, the leader of the club, but he was officially only the clubs secretary.,When the old man comes home in a temper, he turns the whole house upside down, so to speak.,当这个老头怒气冲冲地回到家后，他气几乎把整个屋子掀了个底朝天。,Language study,themegallery,inseperable (from):,adj. impossible to be separated from something else or from one another; always together,这两个女孩总是形影不离。,* The issue of human rights is inseperable from our struggle for democracy. (=,人权问题是和我们争取民主的斗争分不开的。,),Cf. indispensable (to) : adj. too important or too useful to be without,Language study,themegallery,get in the way:,to make it difficult for something to happen.,* While we were eagerly carrying on our project, the lack of fund got in the way, and we had to suspend it at least for the time being.,* On your way to success, dont let laziness and carelessness get in the way.,Language study,themegallery,“Grasp has different meaning in different contexts. Explain the meaning of the word “grasp in each of the following sentences.,1. Try to have a thorough grasp of the book (understanding).,2. That is really a problem beyond my grasp ( understanding).,3. The mother kept the little boys hand in her grasp (firm hand).,4. Beth seems to be in the grasp of (under the control of) sorceress.,Language study,themegallery,integral (to): adj. necessary (to complete sth.),* The arms and legs are integral parts of the human body.,* She is our best player, and is intergral to our team.,integrity n.,1. a state of being whole and undivided; completeness,* Our integrity as a nation is threatened by these separatist forces. (=我们国家的完整受到了这些别离主义势力的威胁。),2. honesty; trustworthiness,* A man of integrity is respected.,Language study,themegallery,conserve v.保存，保藏，保护(强调节约)。 E.g. In winter, some people conserve energy by lowing the heat at night. preserve v.保护；维持；保养；防止(食物)腐败(强调使不受破坏)。 E.g. The government preserves the rights of the individual person.,reserve v.保存，储藏(强调为某一特殊目的)；订(座位)，预定。 E.g. We are reserving these seats for my parents.,para 9,The physical act of writing, with your hand, brings words and sentences more sharply before your mind and,preserve,s them better in your memory.,themegallery,The Board of Directors will meet this afternoon. Your presence at the meeting is_,.,The assistant at the reception desk,_,his passport when the man wanted a double room.,Require:,suggests a pressing, often an inherent need.,Demand:,implies asking for sth as if ordering sth one has a right to.,para 8,require & demand,required,demanded,themegallery,Scratch,1. The dog is scratching at the door.,狗正在抓门。,2.The recording was spoiled by scratches.,录音被沙沙声破坏了。,3.Somebody has scratched his name off the list.,有人已经把他的名字从名单上划去了。,4.The monkey scratched about in its mates fur for fleas.,那只猴子在另一只猴子身上找跳蚤。,5.The famine is so bad, aid can only scratch the surface.,饥荒十分严重，援助也只是杯水车薪。(仅触及问题的外表),themegallery,Scratch,scratch padn. 便条,from scratch从零开场, 从头做起 ，白手起家,scratch testn.划痕试验， 过敏性测验,scratch papern. 便笺,You scratch my back, Ill scratch yours.,Be up to scratch 到达标准令人满意的,N. v. 抓，闹，划破，割伤，划掉，,Scratchy 衣服等粗糙的，扎人的,themegallery,Contend:,argue, claim,Mutilation:,destruction,Purchase:,buying,Possession:,ownership,Transfer:,move form one place to another,Language study,themegallery,6. dog-eared:,(of books and papers) having the corners of the pages turned up or down with use so that they look like a dogs ears,7. Intact:,whole because no part has been touched or spoiled,8. Indispensable:,absolutely essential,9. Scratch pad,: loosely joined sheets of paper for writing notes,10. sacred: to be treated with great respect,Language study,themegallery,Bluntly:,plainly, directly,Restrain:,hold back from doing sth.,Scribble:,write hastily or carelessly,Unblemished:,not spoiled, new,Typography:,the arrangement, style and appearance of printed matter,Language study,themegallery,Mutilation,Symphony,Dilapidated,Scribble,Sacred,Crayon,Receptacle,Unblemished,1. To be treated with great respect,2. A container,3. Broken and old; failing to pieces,4. Pencil of soft colored chalk or wax used for drawing,5. A music work for a large group of instruments,6. Write hastily or carelessly,7. Damage,8. Not spoiled as new; lacking faults,Language study,themegallery,Retelling & translation,Review,themegallery,我直言不讳地坚持主张， 在书上做记号不是破坏书的行为而是爱书。,拥有书有两种方式。 第一是通过付钱买下建立取得所有权，就像买衣服和家具一样。,但这种购置只是拥有的前奏。只有当你使其成为你的一局部时， 才是全部拥有，而使其成为你的一局部的最好的方式就是预读时动手评注。,themegallery,Full ownership comes only when you have made it a part of yourself.,=only when you have made it a part of yourself ,themegallery,举个例子可以让此观点一目了然。你买一块牛排把它从肉铺的冰箱里,转放,到你的冰箱里。从最重要的意义上将，只有食用了牛排，是它融入到你的血液里，你才拥有了牛排。我认为书也是这样，只有,吸进,了血液里面,/,吸收了才有好处。,themegallery,Three kinds of book owners,First,unread, untouched,Second,a great many, a few, (read through), most(clean and shiny) restrain, physical appearance,The third,dog-eared & dilapidated, shake & loose, mark and scribble,themegallery,More like,我不会在首版失乐园上到处涂画，就如我不会给我的孩子一盒蜡笔和Rembrandt的原画。,与其说书像一副画，不如说更像一段音乐的乐谱。,如果阅读是想有所收获，而不只是消磨时间的话，阅读必须积极。,themegallery,Para 5 & 6,L22,Of course not, Id no,more,scribble all over a first edition of Paradise Lost,than,Id give my baby a set of crayons and an original Rembrandt!,L27,A book is,more,like the score of a piece of music,than,it is like a painting.,L36,If reading is to accomplish anything,more than,passing time, it must be active.,themegallery,Para 7,Why is marking up a book indispensable to reading,Be indispensable to: be essential to, be necessary in; be too important to live without,Just as waster is vital to fish, air is indispensable to man.,The people are to the peoples army what/ as water to fish.,themegallery,Para 7,Why is marking up a book indispensable to reading,A good basic education, an insatiable curiosity in people and events, a certain tenacity of purpose, an ability to write clearly, honestly and accurately and a knowledge of state laws are the requirements indispensable to a good radio journalist.,themegallery,普通的消遣/轻松小说，譬如，飘 不需要最积极的阅读。仅供消遣的书可以放松来读，对理解毫无损失。思想丰富，行文优美的巨著可以提供精神食粮需要你尽可能地积极阅读。,themegallery,Further analysis,What type of writing is this text,In what style is it written,How does he express his opinions effectively,How does the author make his persuasion easily accepted,argumentation,informal,direct arguments,Comment on the text,themegallery,Informal in tone,Generic,you,is used throughout.,The connectives,but,and,and,are frequently used to begin sentences.,line 7; line 11; line 25; line 27; line 57,The vocabulary is simple and there are no long and complex sentences.,The structure of sentences do not vary much. (,para4,),themegallery,Direct argument,Makes clear from the very beginning what to be proved,attracts readers attention and draws him into the essay immediately,themegallery,Metaphor: I am arguing that books, too, must be absorbed in your bloodstream to do you any good. (noumenon metaphor object),Simile: And the beauty to a rare edition or of a richly-manufactured volume is like that of a painting or a statue.,Analogy: You buy a beefsteak and transfer it from the butchers icebox to your own. But you do not own the beefsteak in the most important sense until you consume it and get it into your bloodstream.,Figure of speech: lend force to an idea; heighten effect; or create suggestive imagery,themegallery,Common knoledge:,Id no more scribble all over a first edition of,Paradise Lost,than Id give my baby a set of crayons and an orginal Rembrant.,Rhetorical questions:,line 21; line 44,Rhetorical question is one asked sole
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