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*,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,MODULE,The Violence of Nature,Grammar,Grammar 1,The past perfect passive,now,past,future,过去完成,现在完成,过去完成式表示在过去某个时刻之前已经完成的动作。,By the end of last month, the work,had been finished.,The past perfect passive =,The past perfect + The passive voice,构成：had (not) + been + p.p.,2.The boy was reminded that his homework,had not been handed in,.,3.The work was done earlier than it,had been planned.,4.As soon as their homework,had been assigned, they started to do it.,They left after the door,had been locked,.,1 After the hurricane, Mary _(see) that the roof of her house _ (disappear).,2 She _(return) home and _ (find) all her furniture _ (ruin) by the flood.,3 Arthur was surprised when he _ (arrive) home because the tornado _ (take) the feathers off his chickens.,saw,had disappeared,returned,found,had been ruined,arrived,had taken,2,P24,4 We _ (leave) the house when the thunderstorm _ (finish).,5 He _ (try) to drive back to his home before the flood _(pass) through the village.,left,had finished,tried,passed,destroy die fall flood kill,1 After the earthquake, they discovered that several people _.,2 When the hurricane ended, several buildings in the town _.,3 His village _in the heavy rain, so he moved to his parents house.,had been killed,had been destroyed,had been destroyed,3,P24,destroy die fall flood kill,4 When she woke up, she found that her house _ by the thunderstorm.,5 Arthur was unhappy because some of his animals _.,had died,had been destroyed,高考链接,1. At the end of the meeting, it was announced that an agreement _. (2007江苏),A. has been reached B. had been reached C. has reached D. had reached,2. John had to have his car repaired in a garage because it,seriously. (2007上海春),A. damaged B. was being damaged,C. had damaged D. had been damaged,Grammar 2,Indirect speech,He said, “Im still working because there is a lot to do.,He said,that,he was,still working because there,was,a lot to do.,引述别人的话叫直接引语；“,用自己的话转述别人的话叫间接引语。,1. 直接引语变为间接引语的时态变化：,一般过去时,过去完成时,过去将来时,过去完成时,过去进展时,过去完成时,2. 指示代词、时间状语、地点状语的变化,that,those,then,that day,that week, month,the week before,two days before,the next week,there,1. 引用的句子是陈述句时，间接引语可 以用宾语从句的形式。,1. She said, “I like English very much.,She said she liked English very much.,2. Betty said, “Ill be waiting for your call.,Betty said that she would be waiting for my call.,1. The teacher asked me, “Do you like English, The teacher asked me if I liked English.,2. He asked, “Youve already finished your homework, havent you,He asked if/whether we had already finished our homework.,2. 直接引语为一般疑问句、反意疑问句或选择疑问句，可以改成以,if / whether + 陈述句,的形式。,3. He asked me, “Do you want to stay at a hotel or at my home,He asked me whether I wanted to stay at a hotel or his home.,4. She asked us, “Youre from the same city, arent you,She asked whether we came from the same city.,3. 引语为特殊疑问句时，可以保存疑问词，后跟陈述句。,1. He asked me, “Where are you going,He asked me where I was going.,2. She asked him, “Whom do you want to see,She asked him whom he wanted to see.,4. 引用祈使句时，间接引语用不定式，主句动词根据句子意义，可用ask, want, tell, order, promise, advise等词代替。,1. The teacher said to the student, “Dont be late again.,The teacher told the student not to be late again.,2. “Wake him up, she said to me., She told me to wake him up.,5. 过去时如有表示具体年份的状语，不必改变时态。,“I was born in 1980, Julia said.,Julia said that she was born in 1980.,6. 引语中含有must, should, would等情态动词时，不必改变时态。,“You should be back by six, she said.,She said I should be back by six.,7. 当引用的事情为永恒的真理、依然存在的事情时，可以不必改变时态。,1.,He said that the earth,rotates,around the sun.,2.,He said that the train,leaves,at 6:30.,1. He asked _ for the computer.,A. did I pay how much,B. I paid how much,C. how much did I pay,D. how much I paid,2. “Have you seen the film he asked me.,He asked me _.,A. had I seen the film,B. have I seen the film,C. if I have seen the film,D. whether I had seen the film,3. “Please close the window, he said to me.,He _ me _ the window.,A. said to; to close B. told to; closing,C. asked ; to close D. said to; please close,4. “I am a teacher, Jack said.,He said _.,A. that I am a teacher B. I was a teacher,C. that he is a teacher D. he was a teacher,5. He said, “Mother, the boy is very naughty.,He _ very naughty.,A. said his mother that the boy was,B. said to his mother that the boy is,C. told his mother that the boy was,D. spoke to his mother that the boy was,6. “Youve already got well, havent you she asked.,She asked _.,A. if I have already got well, hadnt you,B. whether I had already got well,C. have I already got well,D. had I already got well.,7. He asked , “Are you a Party member or a League member,He asked me _.,A. am I a Party member or a League member,B. was I a Party member or a League member,C. whether I was a Party member or a League member,D. whether was I a Party member or a League member.,8. He asked, “How are you getting along,He asked _.,A. how am I getting along,B. how are you getting along,C. how I was getting along,D. how was I getting along,9. He asked me _ with me.,A. what the matter is,B. what wasthe matter,C. whats the matter,D. what the matter was,10. He said, “Dont do that again.,He _ me _ that again.,A. said to me; not to do,B. said to me; dont do,C. told me; dont do,D. told me; not to do,
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