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单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,Unit 1,The Icy Defender,The Peninsular War,BR3-world-3-1,A Brief Introduction to Adolf Hitler,II,BR3-world-6,Joseph Stalin,II,BR3-world-2,II,BR4-MAP-1.2,Napoleons Russian Campaign,1) Find the following place names: Moscow, Borodino, and Neman River.,2) What happened in Borodino?,BR4-MAP-1.3,Hitlers Russian Campaign,1) When did the Hitlers Russian Campaign happen?,2) How long was Leningrad being besieged?,GR-text,Part Division of the Text,Parts,para,.,Main Ideas,1,2,3,12,311,1220,Introduction-Both Napoleons and Hitlers military campaigns failed because of the severity of the Russian winter.,Napoleons military campaign against Russia.,Hitlers military campaign against the Soviet Union.,global reading,4,21,Conclusion-The elements of nature must be reckoned with in any military campaign.,The weather is not so good as the favorable terrain, the favorable terrain is not so good as the support of the people.,Man proposes and God disposes.,The supreme art of war is to subdue the enemy without fighting.,Pre- reading: quotations,Pride comes before a fall.,Necessity comes before invention/ innovation.,Sweat comes before fruit.,Failure comes before success.,Will comes before way.,Para.1,Intensive Study-,para,1,Para.2,Intensive Study-para.2,Find one phrase in,para,. 2 meaning starting a war,Launch an attack against,What fate did Napoleon and Hitler share?,Military failure/ waterloo,Intensive Study-,para,1-2,What is the reason for Napoleons defeat?,Unprepared for,the devastating enemy that met him in Moscowraw Russian winter,Translate the following sentence:,As the saying goes: Know yourself and know your enemy, victory is assured.,Intensive Study-,para,1-2,He,was prepared,for the fierce resistance of He,was prepared for,But he,was not prepared for,He _ that they would encounter fierce resistance,Intensive Study-,para,1-2,anticipated,Question: How is Hitlers army?,Very powerful,Intensive Study-,para,2,How do you know that? Find the words to prove it.,Unequalled,Unrivalled, incomparable,mow down,Mow the lawn,Intensive Study-,para,2,Mow down: defeat, destroy,His troops had _ any attempt/ effort to check the advance of them,Marched into the territory with overwhelming force,crashed/ destroyed,What is the reason for Hitlers defeat?,The Russian winter again,came to the aid of,the Soviet soldiers.,Both Napoleon and Hitler encountered their waterloo in Russia,Intensive Study-,para,1-2,The rise in interest rate will be disastrous in the case of small firms.,In the case of,as far asis concerned,In the case of a highly intelligent animal like the seal, elementary training is easy.,Now you try:,就海豹那样智商较高的动物而言,初级培训是很简单的。,2. This cutting board is only used to cut raw meat.,3. Industrial plants processed the raw material into finished products for export and for domestic consumption.,Raw,cold and wet; not cooked, refined, processed, organized or analyzed (L5),How would you like the steak?,Raw? Blue-rare? Rare?(52,)Medium-rare?(55,)Medium?(60,)Medium-well?(65,)Well Done?(71,),1.The events took place on a raw February morning.,Beginning in the early 1960s, humans launched probes to explore other planets.,2. Launch a campaign / movement,3. launch a ship/ an artificial satellite/ launch ones son into the world/ a new enterprise/ a new brand (Procter & Gamble),Launch,: start; send on its course (L7),Now you translate:,Article1_w_popwin_launched-2,He launched into a long speech about the danger of,gambling,.,他开始作关于赌博危险性的长篇演说。,She wants to be more than a singer and is launching out into films.,她不仅仅是想当一名歌手，而且正在积极涉足电影界。,launch an attack,发动进攻,launch a massive campaign,发动一场大规模的运动,launch a company,开一家公司,launch threats at sb.,向某人发出威胁,launch into,（积极有力地）开始,launch out,（精力充沛或戏剧性地）开始,Para.3,Intensive Study,How did Napoleon feel about the campaign?,Confident of a quick victory.,Why did he think so?,His soldiers were well trained, efficient, and well equipped.,Intensive Study-,para,3,Predicted the conquest of Russia in five weeks,anticipated, expected,Predict: pre,dict,(prewar, preschool, preview preface),dict,: dictation dictator,foretell forecast,Intensive Study-,para,3,Para.4,Intensive Study,How did the campaign turned out?,The quick, decisive victory that Napoleon expected never happened. (,para,. 4),Make a sentence with the above structure,Intensive Study-,para,4,The Grand Army,followed, but its,advance march,soon became,bogged down,by,slow-moving supply lines.,Translate,大军,_,，但它的,_,很快由于,_,而停顿下来。,紧追不舍,长驱直入,粮草运输缓慢,Intensive Study-,para,4,Para.5,Intensive Study,He was now faced with a crucial decision,He was confronted with an important decision,Intensive Study-,para,5,On graduation, every undergraduate will be faced with a crucial decision: whether to find a job or to pursue further studies.I was faced with a crucial decision: should I be a small fish in a big pond? Or a big fish in a small pond?,Para.6,Intensive Study,What decision did Napoleon make?,Napoleon,took the gamble of,pressing on,Intensive Study-,para,6,took the risks of pursuing the enemy in spite of difficulties,Para.7.8,Intensive Study,Napoleon,had a clear path to,Moscow,Napoleon entered Moscow without any,_,Intensive Study-,para,7,barrier,/ resistance,A,raging,fire; a raging storm,Para. 9,Intensive Study,Why did the French retreat turn into a nightmare?,1. attack by the Russians:Life and death struggle,Intensive Study-,para,9,2. freezing temperature,3. snow,Intensive Study-,para,9,drag,: heavy stepse.g. drag ones steps back home,Cf.,go,on,press,on,Para.,10,Intensive Study,Intensive Study-para10,Swollen river:,Para. 11,Intensive Study,Part Two (,Paras,311),Summary:,Napoleon failed in his attempt to conquer Russia, partly due to/ because of _,_, together with the Russians _ accounted for Napoleons defeat.,the raw, bitter, bleak winter of Russia,Terrible weather conditions,determination to defend the homeland/ tactics,1. The year 1939 had witnessed the conquest of Poland by Germany.,2. The pianist made a conquest of every audience for which she played.,conquest: the action of taking control,of by force,(L16),They won a _ in battle.,They succeeded in the _ of that city.,They returned home in _,victory,conquest,triumph,victory,conquest,triumph,victory,指“在战争、竞赛、斗争中获胜”,并有“击败对方或敌人”的含义,;,conquest,指“征服某国或某民族,从而使之处于被支配地位的胜利或战胜”,;,triumph,指“辉煌或彻底的胜利或成功”,.,After a fierce battle, the troops retreated,southward.,2. We adopted the following strategies: when the enemy advances, we retreat; when they retreat, we pursue.,retreat,move back or withdraw when faced with danger or difficulty,(L20),Ant.,advance,The local government,got bogged down,in problems of how to handle the emission of hazardous chemicals by industrial facilities.,be/get bogged down,be unable to make,progress (L22),Now you try:,1. Amazingly, our soccer team won the victory in the crucial final game.,2. Improved consumer confidence is crucial to economic recovery.,Syn. vital ,essential, critical, decisive,crucial,very important (followed by to) (L27),Now you try:,1. Our school authorities are keen to press on with educational reform.,2. Organizers of the strike are determined to press on.,Cf. drag on,press on/ ahead,continue doing,sth,. in a,determined way (L30),Now you try:,1. His political rivals are biding their time for an attack on his policies.,2.,Our,neighbor seems to be doing nothing, but in fact hes just biding his time.,bide ones time,wait patiently for a chance (L39),Now you try:,These compensation cases have already dragged on for one year.,How much longer is the meeting going to drag on?,The time dragged as we waited,drag on,move slowly and with effort; continue endlessly and tediously (L50),.,.,1.,It was a stroke of luck that the air attendant missed the plane.,by a stroke of luck,luckily,1. Berman saved Johnson at the cost of his own life.,2. The local government developed its economy but at the cost of the environment.,3. He worked hard at the cost of his health.,at the cost of,with the loss of (L55),Para.12,Intensive Study,How did Hitler start the war?,Began an invasion without a declaration of war,How did Hitler expect the war?,Confident of a quick victory,What was Hitlers tactics?,Blitzkrieg, lightning war,What were the three targets of Hitler?,Leningrad, Moscow and Ukraine,Intensive Study-,para,12,Para.13,Intensive Study,Did Hitlers “lightning war” tactics work?,Yes, the Russians were caught off guard.,be taken by surprise,What was the Russian tactics in response?,“Scorch the earth”,How to scorch the earth,Burned, destroyed, rendered useless,Intensive Study-,para,13,scorch the earth,Burned, destroyed, rendered useless,Intensive Study-,para,13,Intensive Study-para13,The bodyguard was,caught off guard,when a crazy female fan pushed her way amid the crowd of reporters toward Beckham asking for a signature from him.,caught off guard: taken completely by surprise,小贝意外遭遇疯狂女球迷 保镖有些措手不及,Para.14,Intensive Study,What is the situation in Leningrad?,desperate,1. Food shortage,2. starvation of one million people,Intensive Study-,para,14,BR3-world-5.1,Stalingrad,II,St. Petersburg (Stalingrad),Para.15,Intensive Study,Para.16,Intensive Study,What was the situation in Moscow?,1. The German army was _ by _.,2. Then its movement was _,Intensive Study-,para,15,slowed down,general mud,brought to a halt,Para.17,Intensive Study,Para.18,Intensive Study,What was the situation in Stalingrad?,The German victory was over in _ partly owing to _.,Intensive Study-,para,15,Stalingrad,the Russian winter,Para.19,Intensive Study,Para. 20,Intensive Study,Para. 21,Intensive Study,GR-Part1-Q3,The elements of nature must be reckoned with in any military campaign.,Intensive Study-,para,21,What conclusion does the author draw from Napoleons and Hitlers military campaigns?,1. On Hitlers orders, the invasion of Poland began on September 1,1939.,invade,sb.s,rights,a body invaded by disease,a mind invaded by worry and anxiety,The town was invaded by a crowd of tourists.,.,invasion,an entering or being entered by an attacking military force (L63),.,Now you try:,.,1. The invitation to his wedding caught me off guard.,2. The manager didnt know what to say. It was clear that my question had caught him off guard.,catch sb. off guard,take sb. by surprise (L71),Now you try:,The drug will render the tiger harmless for up to two hours.,The news rendered her speechless.,He was rendered unconscious by a blow on the back of the neck.,render,cause (sb.,sth,) to be in a specified condition (L73),Hundreds of people were rendered homeless by the earthquake.,Now you try:,地震导致成百上千的人无家可归。,The Red Army brought its winter offensive to a successful conclusion.,an offensive odor,(a nasty smell,)/ gesture/ weapon.,an offensive remark (,disgusting language,),offensive:,aggressive action, attack (L91/92),.,Now you try:,.,1. Do you still reckon him among your friends ?,2. Many people reckon him to be a great basketball player.,3. reckon,sth,. in,(count,sth,. in),4. reckon on,sb.s,help,(rely on),reckon,count; consider; think (L114),All these problems had to be reckoned with as they arose.,be reckoned with: be taken into,consideration,1. The death toll rose from 270 in 1952 to 5,000 in1954.,2. Each car must pay a toll to cross the bridge.,toll,(1) the number of people or animals killed or injured in particular circumstances (L116),2) money paid for the use of a bridge, road, etc.,The Structure of the Text,Topic,Explanation,-,Reasons,Evidence,Examples,Experiment,Stories,Comments,1.,骄兵必败,pride comes before a fall,2.,战无不胜,nothing could stand in their way,3.,奋勇抵抗,fierce resistance,4.,堪称无敌,be unequaled,5.,痛苦的教训,a painful lesson,6.,速决速胜,a quick, decisive victory,After reading-expressions,7.,面临着一个重要抉择,be faced with,a crucial decision,8.,孤注一掷,take the gamble,9.,激战,fierce battle,10.,等待时机,bide ones time,12.,成为一场噩梦,turn into a nightmare,11.,向,提出停战,offer a truce to,After reading-expressions,13.,拖着脚步行进,drag on,14.,溃不成军的幸存者,the tattered survivors,15.,不宣而战,without a declaration of war,16.,闪电式战略,lightning war,17.,“焦土”政策,“scorch the earth” policy,18.,处境变得危急,the situation becomes,desperate,19.,食品匮乏,food runs out,After reading-expressions,After-1.useful-4,20,.,越来越接近,draw closer and closer to,21.,发动反攻,launch a counterattack,22.,形势对,不利,turn the tide against,23.,对,的突袭,a surprise attack on,After reading-expressions,After-3.blank,Blank Filling,Fill in each blank in the following paragraph with the appropriate words and phrases from the text.,When Hitler decided to launch his of Russia, he thought that nothing could,of his armies. ,it seemed, was inevitable. He had surprise on his side, Stalin by his attack without a of war. Hitler expected the to last only a few months. In the event, it was to for much longer. Like Napoleon before him, he had made a fatal,mistake in failing to the severity,of the Russian weather. Many German,soldiers were to the cold as,winter set in, _ the German advance _,invasion,_,s,tand,in,the,way,_,Conquest,c,atching,off,his,guard,launching,_,declaration,_,campaign,_,d,rag,on,_,reckon with,d,ie,from,_,b,ringing,_,_,_,to,a halt,Part 2: Compare and Contrast,Soil:,the top layer of the earth in which plants grow;,on British soilFrench soil: in Britain, in France,sbs,native soil=,sbs,own country,Earth:,the world that we live in, substance that plants grow in, the hard surface of the world, as opposed to sea,whatwhyhow on earth: used when you are asking a question about,sth,that you are very surprised or annoyed about,Part 2: Compare and Contrast,2.,Campaign:,a series of actions intended to achieve particular result, especially in politics or business;,a series of battles, attacks intended to achieve,particular result in a war.,Battle:,a fight between opposing armies, groups of ships etc, especially one that is part of a larger war;,a situation in which opposing groups or people compete or argue with each other when trying to achieve success or control,Part 2: Compare and Contrast,3.,Decisive:,an action, event etc that has a powerful effect on the final result of something;,leading to a clear result and ending doubt;,to be one of the most important causes of,sth,;,definite and not able to be doubted.,Crucial:,something that is crucial is extremely important because everything else depends on it,Part 2: Compare and Contrast,4.,Stick:,=push, if a pointed object sticks into,sth,or you stick it into,sth,it is pushed into it;,=fix, to fix,sth,to,sth,-else with a sticky substance, or to become fixed to a surface,=difficult to move, if,sth,sticks it becomes fixed in one position so that is is difficult to move,Bog:,to become too involved in thinking about or dealing with one particular thing;,to become stuck in muddy ground and be unable to move,Part 2: Compare and Contrast,5.,Assault:,the crime of attacking someone;,a military attack to take control of a place controlled by the enemy;,an attempt to achieve,sth,difficult, especially using physical force.,Attack:,an act of deliberately using violence against someone;,the act of using weapons against an enemy in a war;,a statement that criticizes someone strongly.,Part 2: Compare and Contrast,6.,Flee:,to leave somewhere very quickly in order to escape from danger;,e.g. We were forced to flee the country.,Retreat:,to walk back and away from someone or,sth,because you are afraid or embarrassed;,to move away from the enemy after being defeated in battle;,to go away to a place that is quiet or safe;,to change your mind about a promise you have made because the situation has become too difficult.,Further Discussion,Exercises to Passage A,Summary of the Text,After-reading Activities,1. c attract, give pleasure to,2. h agreement in feeling or opinion,3. c eat or drink; use up,4. i unbelievable, great,5. g responsible for a crime,6. i amount of time between two events,7. d a rough outline or version,8. d add in order to make more attractive,9. r criticize for failing to do,sth,.,AR-3-1,Word Completion,armony,onsume,ncredible,uilty,nterval,raft,ecorate,eproach,harm,1.,The goal is to make higher education available to everyone who is willing and capable _ his financial situation.,with respect to B. in accord with,C. regardless of D. in terms of,D,practice,2. The more a nations company _ factories abroad, the smaller that countrys recorded exports will be.,lieB. locate,C. spotD. stand,B,practice,3.,We are quite sure that we can _ our present difficulty and finish the task according to schedule.,get awayB. get across,C. get offD. get over,D,practice,4.,Theres the living room still to be _ so thats my next project.,decoratedB. assessed,C. dissolvedD. abandoned,A,practice,5. It may be necessary to stop _ in the learning process and go back to the difficult points in the lessons.,At easeB. at length,C. At intervals D. at a distance,C,practice,6. Most lab and field studies of human behavior _ taking a situational photograph at a given time and in a given place.,attachB. compose,C. involveD. enclose,C,practice,7. The chairman was blamed for letting his secretary,_ too much work last week.,take awayB. take out,C. Take toD. take on,D,practice,Post-reading activities,Part 3: Translation,Translate the following passage into English, using the words and phrases given below:,casualty decisive offensive be faced with,engage launch take a gamble press on,stroke get bogged down thanks to minus,instruct at the cost of turn the tide catch off guard,Post-reading activities,原文：,攻势已经持续了三天，但是我们并没有取得多少进展。我们在前线与敌人交战的部队遇到了强力的抵抗。师长命令我们营绕到敌人后方发起突然袭击。然而，要绕到敌人后方，我们必须越过一片沼泽地。我们很多人担心会陷入泥潭之中。我们营长决定冒一下险。我们在夜幕掩盖下出发，不顾困难，奋勇向前。幸运的是，夜间温度突然下降到摄氏零下,20,度，烂泥地都结上了冰。由于这寒冷的天气，我们于天亮前到达并从敌人后方发起进攻。这一下扭转了战局。敌人没有戒备，不久便投降了。,Post-reading activities,Key of Translation,The offensive had already lasted three days, but we had not gained much ground. Our troops engaging the enemy at the front were faced with still resistance. The division commander instructed our battalion to get around to the rear of the enemy and launch a surprise attack. To do so, however, we had to cross a marshland and many of us were afraid we might get bogged down in the mud. Our battalion commander decided to take a gamble. We started under cover of darkness and pressed on in spite of great difficulties. By a stroke of luck, the temperature at night suddenly dropped to minus 20 degrees Celsius and,Post-reading activities,the marsh froze over. Thanks to the cold weather, we arrived at our destination before dawn
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