大学英语四级考试作文辅导讲座讲稿1

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,大学英语四级考试作文辅导讲座讲稿,大学英语四级考试作文辅导讲座讲稿大学英语四级考试作文辅导讲座讲稿一大学英语四级考试作文评分标准四级作文采用总体评分(globalscoring)方法，阅卷人员就总的印象给出奖励分(rewardscores)，而不是按语言点的错误数目扣分。我们要从内容和语言两个方面对作文进行综合评判。内容和语言是一个统一体。作文应表达题目所规定的内容，而内容要通过语言来表达，要考虑作文是否切题，是否充分表达思想，也要考虑是否用英语清楚而合适地表达思想，也就要考虑语言上的错误是否造成理解上的障碍。,一,大学英语四级考试作文评分标准,四级作文采用总体评分(globalscoring)方法，阅卷人员就总的印象给出奖励分(rewardscores)，而不是按语言点的错误数目扣分。我们要从内容和语言两个方面对作文进行综合评判。内容和语言是一个统一体。作文应表达题目所规定的内容，而内容要通过语言来表达，要考虑作文是否切题，是否充分表达思想，也要考虑是否用英语清楚而合适地表达思想，也就要考虑语言上的错误是否造成理解上的障碍。,一,大学英语四级考试作文评分标准,这里我将对是否用英语充分表达思想解释一下，也许大家看到hotdoor的时候可能会想到热门，因为我们使用了back-translation,我们在用中文的思维方式替学生考虑，来猜测他想要表达什么意思，但是在改试卷当中，这是绝对不允许的，我们必须严格按照英语的思维来考虑，如果语言的错误导致了我们不能够使用英语的思维来理解，那么分数就高不上去了。,一,大学英语四级考试作文评分标准,四级写作所占分值为15%，（按百分制算）阅卷的标准分为五个等级：2分、5分、8分、11分和14分。（按新的方法710分算）.作文分数还是占总分的15%，也就是106.5分，在这部分你要达到63.9分为及格。答题时间为30分钟。批改时有标准样卷，老师参照样卷对大家的作文进行评分，首先你和哪个档次的样卷接近，则上下浮动。,一,大学英语四六级考试作文评分标准,2分标准：条理不清，思路紊乱，语言支离破碎或大部分句子都有错误，且多数为严重错误。,5分标准：基本切题，表达思想不清楚，连贯性差，有较多的严重语言错误。,8分标准：基本切题，有些地方表达思想不够清楚，文字勉强连贯，语言错误相当多，其中有一些是严重错误。,一,大学英语四六级考试作文评分标准,11分标准:切题，表达思想清楚，文字连贯，但有少量语言错误。,14分标准：切题，表达思想清楚，文字通顺，连贯性好，基本上无语言错误，仅有个别小错。,一,大学英语四六级考试作文评分标准,字数要求:,四级写作在2002年6月以后要求不少于120词。字数不足会酌情扣分.,高分作文特点:,1.,内容切题,文章要结构完整、内容充实（包含提纲、图表、图画和题目要求的所有信息）、主题突出、上下文内容统一。,文章要具有清晰的层次和充分有力的论证。中西方文化差异造成汉语和英语的思维方式和文字表述方式截然不同；汉语多习惯概括描述。而英语更注重事实论证。所以，写英语作文不要过多地进行心理、环境描写，而是要用理由和实例来说明问题和论证观点。,语言表达要流畅，能使用恰当的连接词，使前后语句逻辑清晰、意思连贯，不互相矛盾，不东拉西扯。,为避免文章平淡、呆板，可使用不同的句式，如强调句、倒装句、否定句等。长短句要合理相间，用短句表达有力的结论，用长句体现严密的逻辑。,用词要准确，并能表现出足够大的词汇量。所用语,言符合英语的表达习惯；不出现有语法错误的句子和不合理的断,句；正确使用平行结构。,写作注意事项:,二四级作文题型透视,一类是关于大学生的学习、生活及对将来的工作、人生等方面的态度和看法，如：2007年12月的作文时关于选修课（What Electives to choose).,另一类是贴近社会变化、发展和进步的热点话题，往往与日常生活紧密相关，如2006年12月是关于春节晚会（On the Spring Festival Gala）.,二四级作文题型透视,四级作文常涉及的体裁主要有四类：议论文、说明文、记叙文和应用文。四级写作着重测试考生用文字评论和说明事物的能力。因此，体裁上比较偏重议论文和说明文，但近些年来，其他两种体裁，尤其是应用文，也逐渐成为出题的要点。,二四级作文题型透视,写作类型,三、四级作文使用率最高的12个基本句式,以下是四六级短文写作中使用率最高、覆盖面最广的基本句式，每组句式的功能相同或相似，考生可根据自己的情况选择其中的12个，做到能够熟练正确地仿写或套用。 1表示原因 1）There are three reasons for this 2）The reasons for this are as follows 3）The reason for this is obvious4）The reason for this is not far to seek 5）The reason for this is that 6）We have good reason to believe that 例如： There are three reasons for the changes that have taken place in our life Firstly，peoples living standard has been greatly improvedSecondly， most people are well paid， and they can afford what they need or like Last but not least，more and more people prefer to enjoy modern life,三、四级作文使用率最高的12个基本句式,2表示好处1）It has the following advantages 2）It does us a lot of good 3）It benefits us quite a lot 4）It is beneficial to us 5）It is of great benefit to us 例如： Books are like friendsThey can help us know the world better， and they can open our minds and widen our horizonsTherefore， reading extensively is of great benefit to us,3表示坏处 1）It has more disadvantages than advantages 2）It does us much harm 3）It is harmful to us 例如： However，everything divides into two Television can also be harmful to us It can do harm to our health and make us lazy if we spend too much time watching television.,三、四级作文使用率最高的12个基本句式,4表示重要、必要、困难、方便、可能 1）It is important（necessary，difficult，convenient， possible）for sbto do sth 2）We think it necessary to do sth 3）It plays an important role in our life 例如： Computers are now being used everywhere，whether in the government， in schools or in businessSoon， computers will be found in every home， too We have good reason to say that computers are playing an increasingly important role in our life and we have stepped into the Computer Age,三、四级作文使用率最高的12个基本句式,5表示措施 1）We should take some effective measures 2）We should try our best to overcome（conquer）the difficulties 3）We should do our utmost in doing sth 4）We should solve the problems that we are confronted（faced）with 例如： The housing problem that we are confronted with is becoming more and more serious Therefore，we must take some effective measures to solve it,三、四级作文使用率最高的12个基本句式,6表示变化 1）Some changes have taken place in the past five years 2）A great change will certainly be produced in the worlds communications 3）The computer has brought about many changes in education 例如： Some changes have taken place in peoples diet in the past five years The major reasons for these changes are not far to seekNowadays， more and more people are switching from grain to meat for protein， and from fruit and vegetable to milk for vitamins,三、四级作文使用率最高的12个基本句式,7表示事实、现状 1）We cannot ignore the fact that 2）No one can deny the fact that 3）There is no denying the fact that 4）This is a phenomenon that many people are interested in 5）However，thats not the case 例如： We cannot ignore the fact that industrialization brings with it the problems of pollution To solve these problems， we can start by educating the public about the hazards of pollution The government on its part should also design stricter laws to promote a cleaner environment,三、四级作文使用率最高的12个基本句式,8表示比较 1）Compared with A，B 2）I prefer to read rather than watch TV 3）There is a striking contrast between them 例如： Compared with cars， bicycles have several advantages besides being affordableFirstly， they do not consume natural resources of petroleumSecondly， they do not cause the pollution problemLast but not least， they contribute to peoples health by giving them due physical exercise,三、四级作文使用率最高的12个基本句式,9表示数量1）It has increased（decreased）fromto 2）The population in this city has now increased （decreased）to 800，000 3）The output of July in this factory increased by 15 compared with that of January 例如： With the improvement of the living standard， the proportion of peoples income spent on food has decreased while that spent on education has increased 再如： From the graph listed above， it can be seen that student use of computers has increased from an average of less than two hours per week in 1990 to 20 hours in 2000 注：“From the graph listed above，it can be seen that”见句式12。考生将句式9和句式12结合在一起，便可较好地写出2002年6月CET 4、6短文写作的第一段。,三、四级作文使用率最高的12个基本句式,表示看法 1）People have（take，adopt，assume）different attitudes towards sth 2）People have different opinions on this problem 3）People take different views of（on）the question 4）Some people believe thatOthers argue that 例如： People have different attitudes towards failureSome believe that failure leads to success Every failure they experience translates into a greater chance of success at their renewed endeavor However， others are easily discouraged by failures and put themselves into the category of losers 再如： Do lucky numbers really bring good luck？Different people have different views on it 注：一个段落有时很适宜以问句开始，考生应掌握这一写作方法。,三、四级作文使用率最高的12个基本句式,11表示结论1）In short，it can be said that 2）It may be briefly summed up as follows 3）From what has been mentioned above，we can come to the conclusion that ,例如： From what has been mentioned above， we can come to the conclusion that examination is necessary，however， its method should be improved 注：例句1可用于任何一个段落的结论句；例句3则多用文章结论段的第一句。,三、四级作文使用率最高的12个基本句式,12套语 1）Its well known to us that 2）As is known to us， 3）This is a topic that is being widely talked about 4）From the graph（table，chart）listed above，it can be seen that 5）As a proverb says，“Where there is a will，there is a way例如： As is well known to us，it is important for the students to know the world outside campus The reason for this is obviousNowadays， the society is changing and developing rapidly， and the campus is no longer an “ivory towerAs college students， we must get in touch with the world outside the campus Only in this way can we adapt ourselves to the society quickly after we graduate 再如： Does it pay to be honest？ This is a topic that is being widely talked about and different people have different opinions on it,四、大学英语四级考试作文常用句型:,A. 开头,1、There is an interesting and instructive saying which goes like this: _.,2、_ has become a hot topic among people, especially among the young, and heated debates are right on their way.,3、Recently, _has been brought to such popular attention that _,(e.g. Recently, the problem of global warming has been brought to such popular attention that governments at all levels place it on the top of the agenda.).,4、One of our ancient philosophers said, _. Chinese people have always been holding this idea to be one of their standards of morality.,5. No one，regardless of race, religion or nationality, would deny that. 或：Everyone would agree that.,四、大学英语四级考试作文常用句型:,B 结尾,1. Only in this way/Only when/Only through, will/can we或：It is only if/whenthat we will,It is only if all sides of society take their roles fully that we will achieve the society we want.,2. As long aswe will be able to/the problem is bound to,As long as we persist in spreading scientific knowledge among the masses, all the superstitions are bound to go out of our life.,3. With a constant/steady improvement in (或With the gradual worsening of) sth. will,With a steady improvement in our legal system, this problem will sure be solved earlier or later.,4. In a word, there is every/little chance/probability/possibility that.in time to come.,In one word, there is every chance that this Chinese Tradition will continue to entertain millions of Chinese citizens.,四、大学英语四级考试作文常用句型:,C. 中间,1建议和解决方法,1）. A great number of solutions are being offered. Some people suggest that _. Others argue that _.,2）. But I dont think it is a very good way to solve _. For instance, _. Worst of all, _.,3）. My suggestion to deal with/solve/relieve the problem are as follows. In the first place,. Secondly,. Finally,4）. If we let the situation go as it is, . By that time, . 如果让这种情况继续发展下去，那么到那个时候，。,5） If, will there be anything that can make me even happier? 如果（我们怎么怎么做），那将没有比这令我更高兴的了。,四、大学英语四级考试作文常用句型:,2.It 结构,1） It is advisable to exercise（拥有）patience in dealing with such complicated situations.,2） It is necessary that young and old people should communicate more with each other.,3） It is certain that fresh air and exercises are more enjoyable and beneficial than medicine.,4） It is well known that many of our problems are caused at least in part by failure to communicate.,5） It seemed to me that the only thing that matters is to learn through failure.,6） It pays in the long run （从长远的角度看）to introduce new technique.,四、大学英语四级考试作文常用句型:,3.动名词或分词结构,1） Drinking，eating，and smoking excessively can do severe harm to even a young persons health.,2） The art of communication requires learning the language and culture of the audience.,4.递进式结构,1） Fresh vegetables are nutritious（有营养的）；furthermore，they re cheaper than frozen ones.,2） Helping others will not only bring joy into other peoples lives，but also added happiness into our own.,四、大学英语四级考试作文常用句型:,5.表示重要性或必要性,1） Its important to set aside time for relaxation，hobbies ，and entertainment as well.,2） A harmonious atmosphere is essential（necessary / critical / indispensable）to achieve success.,3） Global warming can endanger our lives so much that we are obliged to make a careful study of the problem and try to find out a lasting solution to it.,6.表示目的,1） The purpose of a test is to show what you have leaned about a subject.,2） The intent is not to catch everyone but rather to catch enough to spread the word.,3） Competitive sports are recommended to young adults to prepare them for the competitive world of college and business.,四、大学英语四级考试作文常用句型:,7.表示结果,1） Too much work and too little rest may lead to loss of health.,2） If you try to learn too many things at a time，you may get confused.,3） By consistent hard work we will be able to achieved our objectives （目标）.,8.表示对比和比较,1） Jobs and work do much more than most of us realize to provide happiness and contentment.,2） Work is more than a necessity for most human beings；it is the focus of their lives，the source of their identity and creativity.,3） Rather than a punishment or a burden，work is the opportunity to realize ones potential.,4） The more scientists find out，the more questions they are unable to answer.,四、大学英语四级考试作文常用句型:,9.表示条件或假设的结构,1） Without the distraction of TV，they might sit around together after dinner.,2） As long as the brain is given plenty of exercise it keeps its power.,3） Were it left to me to decide whether we should _, I should not hesitate a moment to prefer the latter.,4） Without a degree and with no vocational experience their chances of getting good jobs are slim.,10.表示举例,1） Take_for example，,2） An illustration（例证）may make the point clear.,四、大学英语四级考试作文常用句型:,11.表示采取措施,1） The government should be taking effective（有效的）measures to overcome current difficulties.,2） As college students, we are obliged to make every effort to help support the Olympic Games.,3） The school authorities should invest more energy and money in improving working and living conditions for the teachers.,12.表示让步关系,1） While it may be more convenient to possess a car，it is also expensive and troublesome at times.,2） Although I do not earn a great deal of money for this job，the pleasure I receive from the work makes it worthwhile.,四、大学英语四级考试作文常用句型:,13.表示因果或前提关系,1） Because of(owning to) the pressure（压力）of examinations， many students are left with little or no free time.,2） Perhaps its because few of us know how to accept compliments（赞扬）gracefully.,3） That is why housework is considered as such a dreary grind（乏味的苦差事）。,4） The reason for this is that,四、大学英语四级考试作文常用句型:,14.表示存在的问题,1）One of the greatest problems facing the 21st century will be what to do with all the rubbish produced in the world.,2） To travel abroad is a desire shared by many people，but few can afford to do it.,3） Cheating is now considered to be a major problem in colleges and universities.,4） Many people find it harder and harder to keep up with the radical changes that characterize our time.,5） At first thought， the problem seems far too involved （复杂），but it can certainly be solved when seriously dealt with .,四、大学英语四级考试作文常用句型:,15 There be结构,1） There are other techniques that might help you with you studying.,2） There is much that we can learn from the Chinese classic works.,3） There is no sense（道理）in leaving important decisions to inexperienced people.,五、12句作文法,Students Selecting Their Lecturers,各学校开了各种各样的选修课,学生选课有不同的原因,就我而言,What Electives To Choose,With the reform of Chinese higher education, more and more colleges and,universities put emphasis on nurturing students abilities. As a result, elective,courses are available not only for excellent academic performers but also for,students about the average level.,Certainly, students have different reasons to choose their own electives. For,some, practical skills are the essence of college education, and therefore, courses,on computer science, marketing, and finance are highly preferred. On the other,hand, others may hold the idea of liberal education and electives concerning,literature, history, and philosophy are the most welcome.,Take me as an example: being a disciple of free education, I stand for the notion,that university is not a place for survival skills, but a palace of knowledge and,critical reasoning. Although my major is chemistry, the electives I attend most,frequently are English literature, an introduction to classic music, and different,schools of western painting. They really widen my horizon.,五、12句作文法,(1),Nowadays,many universities are opening various electives for the students to choose, which has aroused great concern. (2)Optional courses provide a good chance for the students to make better use of their spare time. (3)In addition, they are a beneficial supplement to the limited required courses. (4)There are many different factors deciding what electives the students choose.,五、12句作文法,(5),Among all these factors, the interests of the student plays a very important role. (6)The students, of course, would like to learn what he is interested in. (7)Moreover, many students will consider whether they could learn some practical skill through the electives, because nowadays companies are placing emphasis on a candidates practical skills. (8)Besides, the ability and prestige of the teacher who teaches the elective will also influence one students choice. (9)Therefore, it is no wonder that different students may choose different optional courses.,五、12句作文法,(10)As to me, I choose history as one of my electives because not only can it enrich my knowledge but also it is one of my favorite subjects since I was a child. (11)Besides,By learning this course, I feel the happiness of combining study and recreation.(12)In a word, different electives have its different topics, so we should choose the electives suitable to us according to our needs.,六 12句作文法（范文点评）,审题】,本文是一篇现象评述类作文。提纲所给框架十分清晰：开篇引出该现象，并简单评论；第二段陈述选择老师时所考虑的因素（两到三点即可），注意条理清楚；最后一段指出该做法的好处以及可能的问题，注意内容和语言的概括性（好处和问题分别阐述一至两点即可）。,现象解释型写作模板,Topic sentence,1.has become a common part of peoples life.,2.Andhas always aroused the greatest concern.,3.what impresses us most is .,4.The reasonsare varied.,现象解释型写作模板,5. Among the various reasons,plays an important role.,6.That is to say,7.What is more,8.For example,9When talking about，,10On the one hand,11On the other hand,12In brief,现象解释型写作模板,信息提示,体现象。3.现象的具体表现。4.过度句，,填现象或现象带来的后果，为下文分析产,生的原因做铺垫。,现象解释型写作模板,5.原因之一。6.具体说明原因一。,7.原因二。 8. 举例说明原因二,9.空格一填作者要讨论的现象，空格,二填作者的看法。,个方面。,11.理由二或第二个方面。,12.总结。,2003年9月真题,Reading regularly,has,long,become a common,part of peoples life,.,And,reading preference has,always aroused the greatest concern,.,What,impresses us most is,according to the table, the,percentage of book circulation in an American,university library, which shows that the circulation of,popular fictions, general nonfictions,science/technology/education books and art/,literature/poetry books accounts for,65.9%,18.2%,10.8%and 5.1% respectively.,The,reasons,for the phenomenon,are varied,.,Among the various reasons, the appealing content,of the popular fictions,plays an important part,.,That,is to say, thanks to its appealing plot, popular fictions,attract more people than other types of books do.,What,is more, science and art books which require readers,knowledge on relevant fields are highly demanding.,For,example, its hard for students majoring in chemistry to,understand Brownings poems, and vice versa.,When talking about,my reading preference,I think I prefer to science books.,On the one,hand, in order to deepen what Im specializing,in, I need read more books relevant to my major.,On the other hand, these books can also,broaden our horizons.,In brief, college students,should choose books according to their interests,and needs.,对比选择型作文模板,1. Different people have different views on,2. Some people prefer,.,3. Others tend to, .,4. As to me, I a