现在完成时态讲解

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,*,*,Present perfect tense,现在完成时态,一、,现在完成时谓语动词的构成：,助动词,have/has(not) +V-ed,（过去分词）,I _(finish) the composition already.,He _(learn) English for three years.,We/You/ They.,She.,have finished,has learned,过去分词的构成,规则形式,- ed,不规则形式,repair-repaired,- e +d,双写辅音,+ed,stop/mop/travel,现在完成时态的含义是表示过去发生的或已完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果。特点是既涉及过去，又联系现在：动作是过去发生的，结果是现在存在的。,She has gone. (,她走了。,),从这句话中动词所用的现在完成时态可以看出,“,走,”,的动作是过去发生的，而对现在所造成的结果是她不在这里了。,He speaks French so fluently. He learned it in Paris. He was there for two years.,He has studied French.,(,他学过法语。,),这句话所说明的结果是他现在懂法语。,Look! The blackboard is so clean now.,He has cleaned the blackboard.,(,他已经擦过黑板了。,),这句话所表示的结果是黑板现在是干净的。,现在完成时用法（一）,过去,的,(,结束性,),动作产生的影响或结果,现在,还存在,。,常用,短暂性动词,做谓语动词,.,如,arrive, get, finish, borrow, open, stop, begin, go, come, die, fall, ,时间状语常用,already, just, yet, ever, before,once(,一次,),recently,等,不具体,的过去时间 或,不带有,时间状语,I _ (do) my homework,already.,He _(not finished) his homework,yet,.,_you,ever,_ (be) to Haiwaii?,We _,never,_ (see) such an exciting match,before,.,Mother _,just,_(clean) the house. Please dont come in.,They _(practice) this dialogue,twice,.,have done,has not finished,Have,been,have,seen,has,cleaned,have practiced,I _( not hear) from her yet.,_they _(be) here recently?,Yes, they have.,I _(be) busy recently.,-_your father ever _ (travel) to New York?,-,No,never,.,He _(not travel) by plane yet.,havent heard,Have been,have been,Has,ravelled,hasnt travelled,注意：当在肯定陈述句中含有,already,或,just,时，在转换成否定句或疑问句时，要把句中的,already,或,just,去掉，在句末加上,yet.,I havent seen the,film named King Lion,yet.,I have done my homework already.,I havent done my homework yet.,Mother has just cleaned the house.,Mother hasnt cleaned the house yet.,I have,already seen,the,film named King Lion.,For .,Since,How long have/has,sb,.? lived learned,own,ed,The door,has been open,for a whole day.,The windows,have been closed,since 7:30,I,have had,this bike for a year/since last year.,My teachers,have been busy/ free,these days.,现在完成时用法二,:,过去,开始的,动作或状态一直持续,到,现在,1.,常用,延续性动词,如,be, sleep, live, learn, stay, have, keep, work, walk, ,2.,时间状语须表达,过去到现在的,一段时间,.,for two years so far,since,短语, during the past 2,y,ears,since,从句,in the past 2 years,表示一段时间的,主要结构,2000,last week,yesterday (evening),three weeks ago,he,joined,t,ago,1. for,two weeks /years,/hours/,2. since,since,过去某一点时间,或过去某一结束性动词,标志词：,for +,一段时间, since+,过去的时间点, these years, so far, in the past/last years,We _ (learn) English for three years/ since two years ago/since 2000.,Mr. Green _ (be) in China these years.,They _(write) 15 songs so far.,The population _ (grow) more slowly in the past ten years.,have learned,has been,have written,has grown,1.The,Jiangs,_(live),here,for almost ten years.,2.He _(work) in the factory,since 1994.,3.His parent _(teach),in this school,since they came to the city,.,4.The child _(,sleep)since,two hours ago.,have lived,has worked,has taught,has slept,Work in pairs:,Doctor: Whats wrong with,you,young,man?,Man: Maybe I _(catch) a cold.,D : How long _ you _(be) like this?,M : _ yesterday morning.,D : _ you _(take) the temperature yet?,M : No, _ yet.,D :.,Oh,you,have had a little fever. _,you_(take)any,medicine yet?,M : I _(take) some aspirin this morning.,D : How many pills _you,ever_(take,) so far?,M : About four pills.,D : Ok. Its nothing serious. Dont worry. You have to stay in bed for a few hours drink plenty of water. Youll be better tomorrow.,have caught,have been,Since,Have taken,not,Have taken,took,have,taken,现在完成时用法三,:,现在完成时和,一般过去时,都能表示过去发生过的动作，但现在完成时表示过去动作对现在的影响，并且表示这一动作已完成或还可能继续下去；而一般过去时与现在的情况没有联系，仅表示过去的动作，且这一动作到说话时已终止。因此现在完成时不能与表示明确的过去时间如,when,，,in1949,，,yesterday,，,last week,等的状语连用，并且用,when,或,where,对这些时间和地点状语提问时，一般只用一般过去时。,现在完成时用法四,:,在“,it is first/second.time that.,。”或在“,it/this/that is the +,最高级,+,名词,+that.,。”结构中，,that,从句中的动词常用现在完成时；在“,it + be .+since,从句”这一结构中，,be,可用,一般现在时,或现在完成时，,since,从句一般用过去时,用于现在完成时的句型,1,）,It is the first / second time. that,结构中的从句部分，用现在完成时。,It is the first time that I have visited the city.,It was the third time that the boy had been late.,2,）,This is the that,结构，,that,从句要用现在完成时,.,This is the best film that Ive (ever) seen.,这是我看过的最好的电影。,This is the first time (that) Ive heard him sing.,这是我第一次听他唱歌。,Work in pairs: P17,I must say (that) sb/sth is the best/ I,have seen,.,. most.,Work in pairs:,A: What places in China have you visited?,B:.,A:Have,you ever,travelled,.by.?,B:.,A: By the way, when did you go to.?,B: .I must say that its the most beautiful/interesting place I have,现在完成时和一般过去时的区别：,现在完成时，强调这一动作产生的结果对现在的影响，与现在有关。 一般过去时，仅仅表示在过去某一时刻曾发生过这一动作，与现在无关。,他已学英语五年了。,He has studied English for five years.,他曾学过五年英语。,He studied English for five years.,（说明他还继续学下去）,（只说明他过去学过五年英语，但现在不学了。）,一般过去时与现在完成时有一些明显的时间状语。,遇到,yesterday, Last year, in May, in+,过去某一年，,two days ago, the other day, just now,等就用一般过去时,当有,just,already,yet,so,far, in the past/ last few days(,在过去,/,最近的几年里,),，,since,接过去时间状语或过去时的句子,等常用现在完成时,一般过去时的时间状语,:,yesterday, last week,，,ago, in1980, in October, just now,具体的时间状语,共同的时间状语,:,this morning, tonight, this April, now, once,，,before, already, recently,，,lately,现在完成时的时间状语,for, since, so far, ever, never, just, yet, till / until, up to now, in past years, always,现在完成时和一般过去时的区别二：,3,）现在完成时可表示持续到现在的动作或状态，动词一般是延续性的，如,live, teach, learn, work, study, know.,过去时常用的,非持续性动词,有,come, go, leave, start, die, finish, become, get married,等。,举例：,I saw this film yesterday.,（强调看的动作发生过了。）,I have seen this film.,（强调对现在的影响，电影的内容已经知道了。）,Why did you get up so early?,（强调起床的动作已发生过了。）,Who hasnt handed in his paper?,（强调有卷子，可能为不公平竞争。）,小窍门：当现在完成时,+,一段时间，这一结构中，我们用下面的公式转化，很容易就能排除非延续动词在完成时中的误使。,1)(,对,) Tom has studied Russian for three years.,= Tom began to study Russian three years ago, and is still studying it now.,2)(,错,) Harry has got married for six years.,= Harry began to get married six years ago, and is still getting married now.,显然，第二句不对，它应改为,Harry got married six years ago.,或,Harry has been married for six years.,现在完成时和一般过去时,He _(work) in our school for one year.,He _(come) to our school last year/in 2002.,They _(cook) the supper already.,They _ (cook) the supper half an hour ago.,He _just _(pass) the exam.,He _(pass) the exam just now.,has worked,came,have cooked,cooked,has,passed,passed,1.-_the film _(,开始,)?,-Yes, it _ (,开始,)ten minutes ago.,2.I _(,读,) this book.,I _ (,读,)it last Sunday.,3._you _ (,完成,),yourhomework,? Yes.,When_ you _(,完成,)it? A minute ago.,4. I wont see the film. I _ it(,看了,) .,I _ (,看,)it last week.,5.-I _ (,找到,)a watch already.,-Where _ you _it?,-In the playground.,Class is over.,Class began five minutes ago,Class has been on for five minutes.,短暂性动词,转换为,延续性动词,1.buy -,have,(,我买电脑两年了,.),2.borrow -,keep,(,他借这本书三个星期,.),3.begin to,sleep/study/,去掉,begin to,(,他已睡了半个小时了,.),4.move into -,live in,(,他已搬进来三个月了,.),5.leave home -,be away from home,(,我已离家一年,.),6.fall ill-,be,ill,(Helen,病了一周了,),7.join the group-,-,be in the group,be a member of ,(,我们加入电脑兴趣小组已有两年了,.),8.,die,-,be dead,(,我爷爷死了两个月了,),9.get up-,be up,(,他已起床一刻钟了,.),10.begin-,be on,(,会议已开始十分钟,.),11. come to / arrive in /get to,-,be in ,(,他已到南京三天了,.),12. open /close-,be open/be closed,(,门开,/,关了十分钟了,),1. turn on the radio-,keep the radio on,He turned on the radio an hour ago.,He _ _ the radio _ for an hour.,The radio _ _ _ for an hour.,2. open the door-,keep the door open,I opened the door twenty minutes ago.,I _ _ the door _ for 20 minutes.,The door _ _ _ for 20 minutes.,has kept,on,has been on,have kept,open,has been open,have/has gone to have/has been in have/has been to,1.A: Wheres Jim, Li Lei?,B: He _his school library.,2.The Greens _China for three years.,We _the Great Wall twice. Its very beautiful.,has gone to,have been in,have been to,B,A,A,B,B,s,tay,A,她以前曾去过上海。,She has been to Shanghai before.,他在上海,10,年了。,She has been in Shanghai for ten years,他去上海了。,He has gone to Shanghai.,表示动作或状态从过去开始一直延续到现在甚至将来,Mike,borrowed,the books two days ago.,Mike,has kept,the books for two days.,所用的动词无延续性,不与一段时间连用,He has,come to,China,for,two years. (,X),come to ,arrive in/at.,be in,get to,He has,been in,China,for two years.,since two years,ago.,Beijing Museum,exhibitions /,eksibi,n/,century,/sen,t,ri /,Beijings,past,and,present,have collected,A: _you _(see) the,exhibitions,recently?,B:Yes, I _ _ one at Beijing Museum.,A: Whats it about?,B: I _ _(forget) the,title,. Its about the changes over the past,century,.,I _ _(learn) a lot about Beijings _ and _.,Have,seen,have seen,have forgotten,have learned,past,present,since,的四种用法,1) since +,过去一个时间点,(,如具体的年、月、日期、钟点、,1980, last month, half past six),。,I have been here since 1989.,2) since +,一段时间,+ ago,I have been here since five months ago.,3) since +,从句,Great changes have taken place since you left.,Considerable time has elapsed since we have been here.,4) It is +,一段时间,+ since,从句,It is two years since I became a postgraduate student.,