vmware_vcp_4.1_培训官方中文_09

Click to edit Master text styles,Second level,Third level,Fourth level,Fifth level,Headline Goes in this Space:,Module Number 9-,49,VMware vSphere 4: Install, Configure, Manage Revision B,Copyright 2009 VMware, Inc. All rights reserved.,Click to edit Master TitleClick to edit Master Title,Click to edit Master subtitle style,Module Number 9-,37,VMware vSphere 4: Install, Configure, Manage Revision B,Copyright 2009 VMware, Inc. All rights reserved.,VMware vSphere 4: Install, Configure, Manage Revision B,Copyright 2009 VMware, Inc. All rights reserved.,资源监控,VMware vSphere 4: Install, Configure, Manage Revision B,Copyright 2009 VMware, Inc. All rights reserved.,You Are Here,您正在浏览,Operations,vSphere Environment,Configuring VMware ESX and ESXi,Installing and Using VMware vCenter Server,Storage,Networking,Virtual Machines,Resource Monitoring,Access Control,Scalability,Configuration Management,High Availability and Data Protection,Installing VMware ESX and ESXi,Introduction to VMware Virtualization,VMware vSphere 4: Install, Configure, Manage Revision B,Copyright 2009 VMware, Inc. All rights reserved.,重点,虽然,VMkernal,前摄性的工作能避免资源的争夺， 但最佳的性能仍需要分析和实时监控。,VMware vSphere 4: Install, Configure, Manage Revision B,Copyright 2009 VMware, Inc. All rights reserved.,章节,第一节,:,虚拟,CPU,和内存的概述,第二节,:,监控资源的使用,第三节,: Alarms,的使用,VMware vSphere 4: Install, Configure, Manage Revision B,Copyright 2009 VMware, Inc. All rights reserved.,虚拟,CPU,和内存的概述,VMware vSphere 4: Install, Configure, Manage Revision B,Copyright 2009 VMware, Inc. All rights reserved.,课程目标,了解不同的,VMkernel,优化,CPU,和内存使用率所使用的方法,VMware vSphere 4: Install, Configure, Manage Revision B,Copyright 2009 VMware, Inc. All rights reserved.,优化,VM,资源使用的系统,VMkernel,自动管理,虚拟机所有者配置,管理员调整,Hyperthreading,Load balancing,Virtual SMP,Limit,Reservation,Share allocation,Transparent page sharing,vmmemctl,Use of VMkernel swap files for VMs,Available memory,Limit,Reservation,Share allocation,Virtual machine file location,Multipathing,Virtual switch with teamed NICs,Traffic shaping,Network,bandwidth,CPU,cycles,RAM,Disk,bandwidth,VMware vSphere 4: Install, Configure, Manage Revision B,Copyright 2009 VMware, Inc. All rights reserved.,虚拟,CPUs,一台虚拟机最多,8,个,VCPU,当一个,VCPU,需要被调度时, VMkernel,映射一个,VCPU,到,“hardware execution context”,一个,“hardware execution context”,是一个处理器调度一个线程执行的能力,HEC,HEC,HEC,HEC,HEC,HEC,HEC,VMware vSphere 4: Install, Configure, Manage Revision B,Copyright 2009 VMware, Inc. All rights reserved.,Hardware Execution Contexts,不同系统提供不同数量的,hardware execution contexts,单核，双槽,双核，单槽,四核,单槽,(,超线程未激活,),HEC,HEC,HEC,HEC,HEC,HEC,HEC,HEC,socket,core,VMware vSphere 4: Install, Configure, Manage Revision B,Copyright 2009 VMware, Inc. All rights reserved.,超线程,激活一个核在同一时间执行两个线程或批量的指令,提供更多的,hardware execution contexts,给,VCPUs,调度,单核，双槽,双核，单槽,HEC,HEC,HEC,HEC,HEC,HEC,HEC,HEC,thread,socket,core,VMware vSphere 4: Install, Configure, Manage Revision B,Copyright 2009 VMware, Inc. All rights reserved.,VMkernel,的,CPU,负载均衡,VMkernel,动态的调度,VM,和,Service console,Service console,总是运行在第一个,hardware execution context,对于,multi-VCPU, CPU-intensive,的,VMs, VMkernel,尝试避免调度,VCPUs,到同样核的,hardware execution contexts,上,超线程,双核,双槽,HEC,HEC,HEC,HEC,HEC,HEC,HEC,HEC,thread,socket,core,VMware vSphere 4: Install, Configure, Manage Revision B,Copyright 2009 VMware, Inc. All rights reserved.,内存的虚拟化概述,The VMkernel,管理虚拟机的全部内存,ESX,和,ESXi,主机上部分内存用于,VMkernel,。,ESX,主机上部分内存用于服务控制台。,其他内存用于虚拟机。,每个虚拟机可以保留一定的物理内存。,每个虚拟机也应负有一定的开销。,虚拟机可以使用内存比物理机可以用的更多,这就是内存过量使用,VMware vSphere 4: Install, Configure, Manage Revision B,Copyright 2009 VMware, Inc. All rights reserved.,透明页面共享,VMkernel,监测,VM,内存的相同页面并映射他们到同一个底层物理页面,无须改变,Guest OS,的设置,VMkernel,将共享页面作为,copy-on-write,共享时只读,写后个别复制,页面共享总是活动的,除非管理的关闭,VMware vSphere 4: Install, Configure, Manage Revision B,Copyright 2009 VMware, Inc. All rights reserved.,vmmemctl: Balloon-Driver Mechanism,（球形驱动机制）,充气的球,(,驱动从,guest,OS,索要内存,),guest,被强制释放内存,;,VMkernel,收回分配的内存,guest,可重新占用内存,;,ESX Server,给与内存,抽气的球,(,驱动放弃内存,),充足的内存,;,球未充气,当,RAM,不足时,从选择的,VM,中解除分配的内存,VMware vSphere 4: Install, Configure, Manage Revision B,Copyright 2009 VMware, Inc. All rights reserved.,VMkernel Swap,每台启动的虚拟机都有自己的,Vmkernel Swap,文件,虚拟机开机时创建，关机时删除,默认位置,: VM,启动磁盘所在的,VMFS,卷,大小为保证给其内存和最大可使用内存之间的差值,当内存不足时此文件代替物理内存,使用,VMkernel swap,是最后的手段,性能将显著降低,VMware vSphere 4: Install, Configure, Manage Revision B,Copyright 2009 VMware, Inc. All rights reserved.,Ballooning vs. VMkernel Swapping,VMware vSphere 4: Install, Configure, Manage Revision B,Copyright 2009 VMware, Inc. All rights reserved.,课程概要,VMkernel,使用超线程和负载均衡来管理分配给虚拟机的,CPU,。,VMkernel,通过透明页面共享、球形驱动机制、,VMkernel swap,来管理分配给虚拟机的内存,。,VMware vSphere 4: Install, Configure, Manage Revision B,Copyright 2009 VMware, Inc. All rights reserved.,资源的监控,VMware vSphere 4: Install, Configure, Manage Revision B,Copyright 2009 VMware, Inc. All rights reserved.,课程目标,监控虚拟机的资源使用：,CPU,内存,磁盘,网络带宽,VMware vSphere 4: Install, Configure, Manage Revision B,Copyright 2009 VMware, Inc. All rights reserved.,性能调节机制,评估性能,使用合适的监控工具,改变前记录一个数字基准,鉴别受限的资源,获得更多可用资源,分配多点,减少竞争,记录改变,再次记录基准数据,不要再生产环境改变,VMware vSphere 4: Install, Configure, Manage Revision B,Copyright 2009 VMware, Inc. All rights reserved.,Guest OS,监控工具,任务管理器,Iometer,VMware vSphere 4: Install, Configure, Manage Revision B,Copyright 2009 VMware, Inc. All rights reserved.,使用,Perfmon,监控,虚拟机资源,VMware vSphere 4: Install, Configure, Manage Revision B,Copyright 2009 VMware, Inc. All rights reserved.,vCenter,服务器的性能图表,性能菜单栏提供了两种视图,概述图表,显示基本的信息,高级图表,显示数据统计器,VMware vSphere 4: Install, Configure, Manage Revision B,Copyright 2009 VMware, Inc. All rights reserved.,分析从工具获得的数据,Guest OS,的任务管理器,主机的,CPU,使用率,VMware vSphere 4: Install, Configure, Manage Revision B,Copyright 2009 VMware, Inc. All rights reserved.,虚拟机的,CPU,是否受限,?,如果虚拟机的,CPU,利用率一直很高，那么它受限于,CPU,然而,主机也有可能给别的虚拟机提供足够的,CPU,检查虚拟机,cpu,使用率,VMware vSphere 4: Install, Configure, Manage Revision B,Copyright 2009 VMware, Inc. All rights reserved.,虚拟机的,CPU,是否受限,?,多台虚拟机受限于,CPU:,Guest OS,的利用率一直很高,虚拟机显示了相对比较高的,CPU Ready,时间片段,CPU Ready graph of several VMs,Task Manager of several OSes,VMware vSphere 4: Install, Configure, Manage Revision B,Copyright 2009 VMware, Inc. All rights reserved.,虚拟机受限于内存,?,检查虚拟机的球形驱动机制的活动频率,:,如果球形驱动机制活动频率高，而所有的虚拟机有足够的内存，那有可能没问题,如果球形驱动机制活动频率高，而有些虚拟机使用了,swap,那虚拟机受限于内存,Task Manager inside VM,VM,ballooning,activity,VMware vSphere 4: Install, Configure, Manage Revision B,Copyright 2009 VMware, Inc. All rights reserved.,主机是否受限于内存,?,如果虚拟机使用了,vmkernel,的,swap,，那么主机的内存已经过量使用了,Host,swap-ins/swap-outs,VMware vSphere 4: Install, Configure, Manage Revision B,Copyright 2009 VMware, Inc. All rights reserved.,监控虚拟机的活动内存,监控主机增长的活动内存,:,主机活动内存就是虚拟机和,mkernel,活动的物理内存,活动内存高，就有可能导致虚拟机内存受限,VMware vSphere 4: Install, Configure, Manage Revision B,Copyright 2009 VMware, Inc. All rights reserved.,虚拟机的磁盘是否受限,?,磁盘集中的软件可以监控存储或路径,.,若觉察,VM,受限于磁盘,:,测量,VM,和存储间的有效带宽,使用性能图标测量资源消耗,VMware vSphere 4: Install, Configure, Manage Revision B,Copyright 2009 VMware, Inc. All rights reserved.,监控磁盘延迟,要确定磁盘性能的问题，监测两个磁盘延迟计数器的数据,:,Kernel disk command latency,在,Vmkernel,里执行每个,SCSI,命令的时间,大量,(,大于,23ms),说明主机或阵列超负载,Physical device command latency,物理设备完成,SCSI,命令的平均时间,大量,(,大于,1520ms),显示慢或陈列超负载,VMware vSphere 4: Install, Configure, Manage Revision B,Copyright 2009 VMware, Inc. All rights reserved.,虚拟机是否受限于网络带宽,?,网络密集型应用的瓶颈问题往往是,ESX,主机外的路径区段。例如,: WAN,链接服务器和客户端,若察觉,VM,受制于网络,:,确认,Vmtools,安装完成,安装好加强网络的驱动,测量,VM,和系统之间的有效带宽,VMware vSphere 4: Install, Configure, Manage Revision B,Copyright 2009 VMware, Inc. All rights reserved.,应用程序性能管理,: AppSpeed,虚拟设备是前摄性的性能管理应用程序,提供可视化，多层应用程序运行在虚拟机性能。,VMware vSphere 4: Install, Configure, Manage Revision B,Copyright 2009 VMware, Inc. All rights reserved.,改善虚拟机的性能,改善虚拟机的性能方法,:,Fine,Broad,建立,DRS,配置存储的多路径,配置网卡组,编辑资源池的,CPU,和内存的保留值或限制值,配置网络通信,编辑虚拟机的,CPU,和内存的保留值,VMware vSphere 4: Install, Configure, Manage Revision B,Copyright 2009 VMware, Inc. All rights reserved.,实验十五,在实验中，可以通过监控工具来监控虚拟机的负载,通过,vCenter,服务器来监控,CPU,的利用率,运行,CPU,密集型的应用程序,VMware vSphere 4: Install, Configure, Manage Revision B,Copyright 2009 VMware, Inc. All rights reserved.,课程概要,通过性能菜单来查看虚拟机资源使用。,虚拟机的性能可以通过,使用,share,和保留值，,DRS,存储和网络多路径来提高。,VMware vSphere 4: Install, Configure, Manage Revision B,Copyright 2009 VMware, Inc. All rights reserved.,警报的使用,VMware vSphere 4: Install, Configure, Manage Revision B,Copyright 2009 VMware, Inc. All rights reserved.,课程目标,创建基于条件的警报,创建基于事件的警报,查看和浏览警报,VMware vSphere 4: Install, Configure, Manage Revision B,Copyright 2009 VMware, Inc. All rights reserved.,什么是警报,?,Default,Alarms,(partial list),默认的警报定义于各种对象,大部分警报基于主机和虚拟机,可以创建警报的对象：,虚拟机，主机,集群,数据中心,网络,分布式交换机,和分布式端口组,VMware vSphere 4: Install, Configure, Manage Revision B,Copyright 2009 VMware, Inc. All rights reserved.,创建警报,右击清单目录对象,然后选择,警报,添加警报,VMware vSphere 4: Install, Configure, Manage Revision B,Copyright 2009 VMware, Inc. All rights reserved.,警报的触发器,警报是由触发器组成，两种类型,:,条件,状态,触发器,监控当前的条件和状态,;,例如,:,虚拟机的快照大于,3GB,主机损耗了,90%,内存,数据存储跟主机断开了,事件,监控事件；,例如,:,主机硬件改变了,数据中心许可证不足,分布式端口改变配置了,VMware vSphere 4: Install, Configure, Manage Revision B,Copyright 2009 VMware, Inc. All rights reserved.,配置基于条件的触发,虚拟机基于条件的触发,VMware vSphere 4: Install, Configure, Manage Revision B,Copyright 2009 VMware, Inc. All rights reserved.,配置基于事件的触发,主机基于事件的触发,VMware vSphere 4: Install, Configure, Manage Revision B,Copyright 2009 VMware, Inc. All rights reserved.,配置报告的频率,配置报告的频率，避免重复的警报,避免小的波动,避免重复,VMware vSphere 4: Install, Configure, Manage Revision B,Copyright 2009 VMware, Inc. All rights reserved.,配置动作,VMware vSphere 4: Install, Configure, Manage Revision B,Copyright 2009 VMware, Inc. All rights reserved.,配置,vCenter,服务器的通知,Click,SNMP,to specify trap destinations.,Click,Mail,to set SMTP parameters.,VMware vSphere 4: Install, Configure, Manage Revision B,Copyright 2009 VMware, Inc. All rights reserved.,理解和查看已触发的警报,VMware vSphere 4: Install, Configure, Manage Revision B,Copyright 2009 VMware, Inc. All rights reserved.,实验十六,在实验里，演示警报的各项设置,创建虚拟机的警报,触发警报，确认警报,关闭警报,VMware vSphere 4: Install, Configure, Manage Revision B,Copyright 2009 VMware, Inc. All rights reserved.,章节要点,The VMkernel,通过内置机制来管理,CPU,和内存在虚拟机中的分配,可以监控虚拟机的某一时刻或某一时段的性能,结合警报功能监控,vCenter,的对象,