小学英语语法总复习(整理版)

小学英语语法,Click to edit Master text,Second level,Third level,Fourth level,Fifth level,*,小学英语语法,Click to edit Master text,Second level,Third level,Fourth level,Fifth level,*,小学英语语法总复习,主要词类：,名词 动词 形容词,副词 数词 代词,介词 连词 冠词,名词,分为,可数名词,和,不可数名词,。,可数名词,表示可以具体存在的人或物。可数名词有单复数形式，其单数形式与不定冠词,a/an,连用。如：,a book, an apple.,不可数名词,表示不能个别存在的事物，如液体类，气体类的物质；少数固体类的物质 （,grass,草，,ice,冰），抽象的名词（,help,帮助，,music,音乐）。不可数名词没有复数（如,some water,）,不能与不定冠词连用。如：,a water, a music,都是错误的。,1,一般情况下，直接加,-s,，,如：,book-book,s,bag-bag,s, cat-cat,s, bed-bed,s,2,以,s. x. sh. ch,结尾，加,-es,，,如：,bus-bus,es, box-box,es, brush-brush,es,3,以,“,辅音字母,y,”,结尾，变,y,为,i,再加,-es,，,如：,family-famil,i,es,strawberry-strawberr,i,es,4,以“,f,或,fe”,结尾，变,f,或,fe,为,v,再加,-es,，,如：,knife-kni,v,es,leaflea,v,es,5.,以“,o”,结尾，有生命的加,es,无生命的加,s.,如：,tomatotomato,es, herohero,es,photophoto,s, pianopiano,s, zoozoo,s,可数名词变复数规则,5,不规则名词复数：,child-child,ren,m,ouse,-m,ice,m,a,n-m,e,n wom,a,n-wom,e,n,f,oo,t-f,ee,t t,oo,th-t,ee,th g,oo,se-g,ee,se,fish-fish sheep-sheep,deer-deer,people-people Chinese-Chinese,Japanese-Japanese,写出下列各词的复数,I _ him _ this _,her _ watch _ child _,photo _ diary _ day_,foot_ book_ dress _,tooth_ sheep _ box_,strawberry _ thief _,you _ peach_ sandwich _,man_ woman_,形容词和副词形容词,是用来修饰名词或代词的，,副词,主要用来修饰动词、形容词、副词或其他结构。,如：,Mike is a,tall boy,he,sings well.,形容词与副词的区别,(,有,be,用形，有形用,be,；有动用副，有副用动,),在句子中形容词一般处于名词之前或,be,动词之后副词在句子中最常见的是处于实义动词之后,It,was,sunny,yesterday. It,rained,heavily,today.,形容词和副词的比较级复习及练习,一、形容词的比较级,1,、,两个事物或人的比较用,比较级,，比较级后面一般带有单词,than,。,比较级前面可以用,much, a little,来修饰表示程度。,than,后的人称代词用,宾格,）。,He is,much,taller than,me,.,2.,形容词加,er,的规则：,一般在词尾加,er,；,以字母,e,结尾，加,r,；以,元音字母和辅音字母结尾,，应,双写末尾的辅音字母，再加,er,；,以,“辅音字母,+y”,结尾,，先,把,y,变,i,，再加,er,不规则形容词比较级：,good/well-better, many/much-more,far-farther beautiful-more beautiful,。,写出下列形容词或副词的比较级,short_ strong_ big_,small_fat_ thin_,heavy_ light_ nice_,good_ beautiful_ low_,high_ slow_fast_late_early_ far_ well_,表示两者比较一样,I am,as,heavy,as,Mike.,He can sing,as,well,as,Zhou Jielun,。,asas,和,一样,as,与,as,之间用形容词或副词的原级。,一般现在时基本用法介绍,一般现在时的功能,1.,表示事物或人物的特征、状态。,如：,The sky is blue.,天空是蓝色的。,2.,表示经常性或习惯性的动作。,如：,I get up at six every day.,我天天六点起床。,3.,表示客观现实。,如：,The earth goes around the sun.,地球绕着太阳转。,一般现在时,一般现在时的构成,1.,be,动词,：,主语,be (am, is, are),其它,。如：,I am a boy.,我是一个男孩。,2.,行为动词,：,主语 行为动词,(,其它,),。如：,We study English.,我们学习英语。,当主语为第三人称单数,(he, she, it),时，要在动词 后加,“,-s,”,或,“,-es,”,如：,Mary,likes,Chinese.,玛丽喜欢汉语。,一般现在时的变化,1.,be,动词的变化,。,否定句,：,主语,be not,其它,。,如：,He is not a worker.,他不是工人。,一般疑问句,：,Be,主语 其它,。,如：,-Are you a student?,-Yes. I am. / No, Im not.,特殊疑问句,：,疑问词 一般疑问句,。,如：,Where is my bike?,讲义共享,2.,行为动词的变化。,否定句,：,主语,dont( doesnt ),动词原形,(,其它,),。,如：,I dont like bread.,当主语为第三人称单数，用,doesnt,构成否定句,如：,He doesnt often play.,一般疑问句：,Do( Does ),主语 动词原形 其它。,如,- Do you often play football?,- Yes, I do. / No, I dont.,当主语为第三人称单数，,要用,does,构成一般疑问句,如,-Does she go to work by bike?,- Yes, she does. / No, she doesnt.,动词,s,的变化规则,1,一般情况下，直接加,-s,，,如：,cook-cooks, milk-milks,2,以,s. x. sh. ch. o,结尾，加,-es,，,如：,guess-guess,es, wash-wash,es,watch-watch,es, go-go,es,3,以“辅音字母,y”,结尾，变,y,为,i,再加,-es,，,如,study-stud,i,es,一、 写出下列动词的第三人称单数,drink _ go _ stay _,make _look _ have_ pass_ carry _,二、用括号内动词的适当形式填空。,1. He often _(have) dinner at home.2. Daniel and Tommy _(be) in,Class One.3. We _(not watch) TV on,Monday.,4. Nick _(not go) to the zoo on,Sunday.5. _ they _(like) the World Cup?,6. _ your parents _(read) newspapers every day?,7. The girl _(teach) us English on,Sundays.,8. She and I _(take) a walk,together every evening.,三、按照要求改写句子,1. Daniel watches TV every evening.(,改为否定句,)_,2. I do my homework every day.(,改为一般疑问句，作否定回答,)_,3. She likes milk.(,改为一般疑问句，作肯定回答,)_4. We go to school every morning.(,改为否定句,)_,改错,(,划出错误的地方，将正确的写在横线上,)1. Isyour brother speak English?,_2. Does he likes going fishing?,_3. He likes play games after class.,_4. Mr. Wu teachs us English.,_5. She dont do her homework on Sundays. _,现在进行时,1,、现在进行时,表示现在正在进行或发生的动作,，也可表示当前一段时间内的活动或现阶段正在进行的动作。,2,、现在进行时的,肯定句基本结构,为,be,动词,ing,.,3,、现在进行时的,否定句,在,be,后加,not,。,4,、现在进行时的,一般疑问句,把,be,动词调到句首,。,5,、现在进行时的,特殊疑问的基本结构为,：,疑问词,+be,动词,+,主语,+doing+,其它？,但疑问词当主语时其结构为：,疑问词,+be,动词,+doing+,其它,?,动词加,ing,的变化规则,1,一般情况下，直接加,ing,，,如：,cook-cooking,2,以不发音的,e,结尾，去,e,加,ing,，,如：,make-making, taste-tasting,3,假如末尾是一个元音字母和一个辅音字母,双写末尾的辅音字母，再加,ing,如：,run-run,n,ing, stop-stop,p,ing,现在进行时专项练习：一、写出下列动词的现在分词：,run_ swim _make_,begin_ go_ like_,write_ shop _have _,sing_dance _put_,see_ love_ live_,take_come _get _,stop_ sit _,用所给的动词的正确形式填空：,1.The boy _( draw) a picture now.,2. Listen .Some girls _( sing) in the,classroom .,3. My mother _( cook )some nice foodnow.,4. What _ you _ ( do ) now?,5. Look . They _( have) an,English lesson .,句型转换：,1. They are doing housework .(,分别改成一般疑问句和否定句,)_,2,The students are cleaning the classroom . (,改一般疑问句并作肯定和否定回答,)_,一般将来时,一、概念：表示,将要发生的动作或存在的状态及 打算、计划或预备做某事。,句中一般有以下,时间状语,：,tomorrow, next day (week, month, year),soon, the day after tomorrow,（后天）等。,二、基本结构：,be going to do,；,will do.,一般将来时,否定句,：在,be,动词（,am, is, are,）,l,后加,not,或,情态动词,will,后加,not,成,wont,。,例如：,Im going to have a picnic this afternoon. Im,not,going to have a picnic this afternoon.,一般疑问句,：,be,或,will,提到句首，,some,改为,any, and,改为,or,，第一二人称互换。,例如：,We are going to go on an outing this weekend. ,Are,you going to go on an outing this weekend,五、,对划线部分提问,。一般情况，一般将来时的对划线部分有三种情况。,1,、问人。,Who,例如：,I,m going to New York soon. ,Who,s going to New York soon.,2,、问干什么,。,What do,.,例如：,My father is going to,watch a race,with me this afternoon. ,What,is,your father going to,do,with you this afternoon.,3,、问什么时候,。,When,.,例如：,Shes going to go to bed,at nine.,When is she going to bed?,六、,同义句,：,be going to = will,I,am going to,go swimming tomorrow,（明天）,.,= I,will,go swimming tomorrow.,练习：填空。,1.,我打算明天和朋友去野炊。,I_ _ _ have a picnic with my friends.,I _ have a picnic with my friends.,2.,下个星期一你打算去干嘛,?,我想去打篮,What _ _ _ _ _next,Monday?,I _ _ _ play basketball.,3.,你妈妈这个周末去购物吗？是，她要去买一些水果。,_ your mother _ _ go shopping this _?,Yes, she _. She _ _ _,buy some fruit.,4.,你们打算什么时候见面。,What time _ you _ _ meet?,用所给词的适当形式填空。,1.Today is a sunny day. We,_ (have) a picnic this afternoon.,2.My brother _(go) to,Shanghai next week.,3.Tom often _(go) to school on foot. But today is rain. He _ (go) to school by bike.,用所给词的适当形式填空。,4.What do you usually do at,weekends?,I usually _ (watch) TV and _(catch) insects?,5.Its Friday today. What _she _ (do) this weekend?,She _ (watch) TV and _ (catch) insects.,一般过去时,1,一般过去时,表示过去某个时间发生的动作或 存在的状态,，常和,表示过去的时间状语,连用。一般过去时也表示,过去经常或反复发生的动作,。,2,Be,动词在一般过去时中的变化：,am,和,is,在一般过去时中变为,was,（,was not=wasnt,）,are,在一般过去时中变为,were,。,（,were not=werent,）,3,句中没有,be,动词,的一般过去时的句子,否定句：,didnt,动词原形，,如：,Jim didnt go home yesterday,.,动词过去式变化规则：,1,一般在动词末尾加,-ed,，,如：,work- -worked ,2,结尾是,e,加,d,，如：,live-lived,3,末尾只有一个元音字母和一个辅音字母的重读闭音节,，应,双写末尾的辅音字母,，再加,-,ed,如：,stop-stopped,4,以“辅音字母,y”,结尾的，变,y,为,i,， 再加,-ed,，如：,study-studied,5,不规则动词过去式：,am,、,is-was, are-were, do-did,see-saw, say-said, give-gave,get-got go-went, come-came,have-had, eat-ate take-took, run-ran, sing-sang, put-put, make-made,read-read, write-wrote, draw-drew,drink-drank, swim-swam, sit-sat,用动词的适当形式填空,It _ (be) Bens birthday last Friday.,We all _ (have) a good time last,night.,3. He _ (jump) high on last Sports Day.,4. Helen _ (milk) a cow on Friday.,用动词的适当形式填空,5. She likes _ newspapers, but she _a book yesterday. (read),6. _ they _ (sweep) the floor on,Sunday?,No, they _.,7. I _ (watch) a cartoon on Monday.,形容词和副词的比较级复习及练习,一、形容词的比较级,1,、形容词比较级在句子中的运用：,两个事物或人的比较用比较级,，比较级后面一般带有单词,than,。,比较级前面可以用,more, a little,来修饰表示程度。,than,后的人称代词用主格,（口语中可用宾格）。,形容词加,er,的规则：,一般在词尾加,er,；,以字母,e,结尾，加,r,；以,元音字母和辅音字母结尾,，应,双写末尾的辅音字母，再加,er,；,以,“辅音字母,+y”,结尾,，先,把,y,变,i,，再加,er,不规则形容词比较级：,good-better,beautiful-more beautiful,。,二、副词的比较级,1,形容词与副词的区别,(,有,be,用形，有形用,be,；有动用副，有副用动,),在句子中形容词一般处于名词之前或,be,动词之后副词在句子中最常见的是处于实义动词之后,2,副词比较级的变化规则基本与形容词比较级相同,(,不规则变化：,well-better,，,far-farther,写出下列形容词或副词的比较级,short_ strong_ big_,small_fat_ thin_,heavy_ light_ nice_,good_ beautiful_ low_,high_ slow_fast_late_early_ far_ well_,根据句意填入单词的正确形式：,1. My brother is two years _(old) than me.2. Tom is as _(fat) as Jim.3. Is your sister _(young) than you? Yes, she is.4. Who is _(thin), you or Helen?,Helen is.,5._Nancy sing _(well) than Helen?,Yes, she _. 6.Fangfang is not as _(tall) as the other girls.,7.My eyes are _(big) than _ (she).,8.Who gets up _(early), Tim or Tom?,9._the girls get up _(early) than the,boys? No, they_.,翻译句子：,1,、谁比,Jim,年纪大？是你。,_ is _than Jim,？,_ are,2.,我喜欢游泳。我所有的朋友都游得比我慢。,I like _. All my_ _than me.,3,、谁的铅笔更长，他的还是她的？我想是她的。,_pencil is _,_or_,？,_is, I think.,翻译句子：,4.,我母亲比我父亲年纪小。,My_ _ _than my _.,5.,多做运动，你会更强壮。,_ more exercise,youll _soon.,There be,句型与,have, has,的区别,1,、,There be,句型表示：,在某地有某人,/,物,2,、在,there be,句型中，主语是,单数,，,be,动词用,is,;,主语是,复数,，,be,动词用,are,;,如有几件物品，,be,动词根据最近,be,动词的那个名词决定。,There be,句型与,have, has,的区别,3,、,there be,句型的,否定句在,be,动词后加,not,一般疑问句把,be,动词调到句首,。,4,、,there be,句型与,have(has),的区别,：,there be,表示在某地有某人,/,物；,have(has),表示某人拥有某物。,5,、,some,和,any,在,there be,句型中的运用,some,用于肯定,，,any,用于否定句或疑问句。,6,、,and,和,or,在,there be,句型中的运用：,and,用于肯定句,or,用于否定句或疑问句,。,7,、,针对数量提问的特殊疑问句的基本结构是,：,How many +,名词复数,+ are there +,介词短语？,How much +,不可数名词,+ is there +,介词短语？,8,、,针对主语提问的特殊疑问句的基本结构是,：,Whats +,介词短语,Fill in the blank with “,have, has”or “there is , there are”,I _ a good father and a good,mother.,2. _a telescope on the desk.,3. He_ a tape-recorder.,4. _a basketball in the playground.,5. She_ some dresses.,人称代词和物主代词,1,、,人称代词主格和宾格的区别：,主格通常位于句中第一个动词之前,（有时候位于,than,之后），,宾格一般位于动词或介词之后。,2,、,物主代词形容词性与名词性的区别：,形容词性用时后面一般要带上名词，,名词性则单独使用，后面不带名词。,人称代词和物主代词,主格 宾格 形容词性 名词性,I me my mine,you you your yours,he him his his,she her her hers,it it its its,we us our ours,they them their theirs,用所给词的适当形式填空。,1.That is not _kite. That kite is very small,but _is very big.( I ),2.The dress is _. Give it to _( she ),3._is my brother. _ name is Jack. Look!,Those stamps are_ ( he ),4.I can find my toy, but wheres _? ( you ),5.Show _ your kite, OK? (they,),用,am,，,is,，,are,填空。,1. That _ my red skirt.,2. Who _ I?,3.The jeans _ on the desk.,4. The black gloves _for Su Yang.,5. This pair of gloves _ for Yang Ling.,6. The two cups of milk _ for me.,7. Some tea _ in the glass.,知识回顾,Knowledge Review,