被动语态的八大时态

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,*,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,语态分类,英语动词有两种语态，主动语态和被动语态。主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者，被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。如：,They will build a new bridge over the river.,(,主动,),A new bridge will be built over the river.,(,被动,),汉语中常用“被”、“给”、“由”、“受”等词用来表示被动，而英语用：,助动词,be +,及物动词,的过去分词,构成。,一般现在时,do,-s; -,es,一般过去时,p.t,.,含情态动词,主,+,情态动词,+ do,一般将来时,will do,be to do,be going to do,现在完成时,have/has,+ done,过去完成时,had,+ done,现在进行时,am/is/are,+doing,过去进行时,was/were,+doing,过去将来时,would,+do,被动语态常用的八种时态,1.,一般现在时：,People grow rice in the south of the country.,Rice is grown in the south of the country.,The school doesnt allow us to enter the chemistry lab without a teacher.,We are not allowed to enter the chemistry lab without a teacher.,2.,一般过去时：,They agreed on the building of a new car factory last month.,The building of a new car factory was agreed on last month.,The student didnt forget his lessons easily.,His lessons were not easily forgotten.,3.,一般将来时：,They will send cars abroad by sea.,Cars will be sent abroad by sea.,They will give plenty of jobs to school-leavers.,Plenty of jobs will be given to school-leavers.,4.,过去将来时：,The manager said they would complete the project by the end of the year.,The manager said the project would be completed by the end of the year.,The workers told me they would mend the car as soon as possible.,The workers told me that the car would be mended as soon as possible.,5.,现在进行时：,The radio is broadcasting English lessons.,English lessons are being broadcast on the radio.,We are painting the rooms.,The rooms are being painted (by us).,6.,过去进行时：, Why didnt they drive there on time?, Because the workers were mending the road.,Because the road was being mended.,This time last year we were planting trees here.,Trees were being planted here this time last year.,7.,现在完成时：,Someone has told me the sports meet might be put off.,I have been told the sports meet might be put off.,We have brought down the price.,The price has been brought down.,8.,过去完成时：,When I got to the theatre, I found,they,had already sold out,the tickets.,When I got to the theatre, I found,the tickets,had already been sold out.,The whole country was very sad at the news of his death;,People,had considered,him to be a great leader.,He,had been considered,to be a great leader.,9.,含有情态动词的被动语态：,含有情态动词的被动语态是由“,情态动词,+ be+,及物动词的过去分词,”构成。,You,must hand in,your compositions after class.,Your compositions,must be handed in,after class.,He,can write,a great many letters with the computer.,A great many letters,can be written,with the computer by him.,被动语态构成比较,一般现在时,主,+,am / is / are,+ done,一般过去时,主,+,was / were,+ done,含情态动词,主,+,情态动词,+ be done,一般将来时,主,+,will,be + done,现在完成时,主,+,have/has,been + done,过去完成时,主,+,had,been + done,现在进行时,主,+,am/is/are,being + done,过去进行时,主,+,was/were,being + done,过去将来时,主,+,would,be + done,说明,(1)done,表示动词的过去分词,(2),下划线的词为助动词,10:,动词不定式的被动语态,be to do- be to be done,be going to do-be going to be done,be about to do-be about to be done,Eg,: He is to read a novel.,A novel is to be read by him.,They are going to hold a meeting tomorrow.,A meeting is going to be held tomorrow.,They are about to shoot the murderer.,The murderer is about to be shot by them.,(1) The police found that the house _and a lot of things _.,A. has broken into; has been stolen,B. had broken into ; had been stolen,C. has been broken into; stolen,D. had been broken into; stolen,D,Practice,(2) If city noises _ from increasing, people _ shout to be heard even at the dinner table 20 years from now.,A. are not kept; will have to,B. are not kept; have to,C. do not keep ; will have to,D. do not keep ; have to,A,(3) -_ the sports meet might be put off.,-Yes, it all depends on the weather.,A. Ive been told B. Ive told,C. Im told D. I told,(4) The,maths,problem _ among the students soon.,A. is about to be discuss,B. is going to be discussed,C. is to discuss,D. is going to have been discussed,A,B,(,一,),语态转换时要注意的问题,1.,把主动语态变为被动语态时，其谓语动词的时态要与原句时态保持一致，其谓语动词的数要与新主语保持一致。,We have bought a new computer.,A new computer has been bought. (,正确,),A new computer have been bought. (,错误,),2.,含有双宾语的主动句变被动句时，可分别将其中的一个宾语变为主语，另一个不动，一般变间接宾语为主语时比较多。,My uncle gave me a present on my birthday.,I was given a present on my birthday.,如果把直接宾语,(,指物,),改为主语，则在间接宾语,(,指人,),前加适当的介词，如上句还可以说：,A present was given to me yesterday.,保留宾语,注意：,一般在下列动词后，常在间接宾语前用介词,to,，如：,bring, give, lend, offer, pass, promise, sell, show, teach, tell,等。,The cup with mixture was showed to the class.,My bike was lent to her.,一般在下列动词后，间接宾语前用介词,for,如：,buy, cook, choose, fetch, get, ,make, order,等。,Mother made me a new skirt. (A new skirt was made for me. ),The meat was cooked for us.,3.,由动词,+,介词或副词构成的短语动词，要把它们作为整体看，即把它们看成一个及物动词，介词或副词不可拆开或漏掉这类动词有,laugh at, operate on, look after, make fun of, make use of take care of, carry out, give up, hand in, point out, put away, put off, turn down, work out, talk about,等。,The patient is being operated on.,The problem is solved. It neednt be talked about.,His request was turned down.,The sports meet will be put off because of the bad weather.,A child is taken good care of.,4.,带复合宾语,(,宾语,+,宾补,),的动词改为被动语态时，一般把主动结构中的宾语改为主语，而宾语补足语保留在谓语动词后面,。,如：,a.,动词,+,宾语,+,adj,We always keep the classroom clean.,The classroom is always kept clean,.,b.,动词,+,宾语,+,n,They chose Tom captain., Tom was chosen captain.,c.,动词,+,宾语,+ to do,She told us to follow her instructions.,We were told to follow her instructions.,d.,动词,+,宾语,+doing I found him lying on the floor,he was found lying on the floor.,e.,动词,+,宾语,+done We found all our seats occupied.,All our seats were found occupied.,注意,：,在,see, watch, hear, notice, listen to, look at, make, feel,等动词后作宾语补足语的动词不定式都不带,to,，但改成被动语态后都带,to,，,We often hear him play the guitar.,He is often heard to play the guitar.,His mother makes him clean the room every day.,He is made to clean the room every day.,（二）某些动词用主动表被动？,1. The picture,looks beautiful,.,1.,表,状态特征,的连系动词，后面跟形容词或名词构成系表结构，其主动形式表被动含义。,感官系动词一般用主动形式表示被动意义，如：,feel,，,look, seem, taste, sound, remain, turn out ,smell,等。,The flowers,look,beautiful.,What he said,sounds,reasonable.,The roses,smell,sweet.,The medicine,tastes,bitter., Do you like the material? Yes, it feels very soft.,误：,It is felt very soft.,The food tastes delicious.,误：,The food is tasted delicious.,The pop music sounds beautiful.,误：,The pop music is sounded beautiful,2.,有些动词既是及物又是不及物，当它们和,well, badly, easily,等副词连用时，,表示主语内在品质或性能,，,是不及物动词,，,用主动表示被动,，这时不用被动语态，常见的有：,write, read, clean, sell, dry,wash, cook,wear,等。如：,The cloth washes easily.,这布很好洗。,Some silks,wash,well.,The new product sells well.,这新产品很畅销。,The pen writes smoothly.,这支笔写字很流畅。,The poem,reads,fluently.,The shoes,wear,well.,The paper,tears,easily,This kind of,cloth,dries easily.,对比：,The books sell well. (,主动句,),The books were sold out. (,被动句,),The meat didnt cook well. (,主动句,),The meat was cooked for a long time over low heat. (,被动句,),3. want, need, require,作“需要 ”解时及,be worth ,in need of,后接动词，常用动名词的主动形式表被动含义。,Eg,:,1: The flower,needs/ wants/ requires,watering.,Your hair needs/wants/requires cutting.,The computer needs/wants/requires,reqairing,.,2: The song /music,is worth,listening to.,3: His teaching method is,in,need of,improving.,4.,不定式在某些形容词后作状语,且,和句子的主语（或宾语）构成逻辑上的动宾关系,时：,The sentence is,easy to understand,.,She found the problem,hard to deal with,.,The box is,heavy to lift,.,The picture is,pleasant to look at,.,The novel is,interesting to read,.,此类形容词,：,difficult, comfortable, pleasant, fit, interesting,unfit, light, heavy, dangerous, etc.,5.,不定式作名词的后置定语,，,和被修饰的名词有逻辑上的动宾关系,，同时和该句主语构成逻辑上的主谓关系，不定式常用主动形式表被动含义：,She had only a cold room,to live in,.,I have a meeting,to attend,.,I have a lot of homework,to do,.,She has many children,to look after,.,I gave him a cake,to eat,.,I gave him a book,to read,.,第一，,一些不及物动词短语没有被动语态,，如：,take place , come about , break out, belong to, consist of, add up to, come into being, come true, turn out,等。如：,The fire broke out in the capital building.,误：,The fire was broke out in the capital building.,Great changes have taken place in China.,误：,Great changes have been taken place in China.,(,三,),下列情况主动句不能改为被动句,第二，,不及物动词没有被动语态,，如：,rise, happen, succeed, remain, lie,等。,When we got to the top of the mountain, the sun had already risen.,误：,The sun had already been risen.,After the earthquake, few houses remained.,误：,After the earthquake, few houses were remained.,例如：,据说,It is said /thought that ,据报导,It is reported that ,据推测,It is supposed that ,希望,It is hoped that ,众所周知,It is well known that ,普遍认为,It is generally considered that ,有人建议,It is suggested that ,1) It is reported that it is going to rain tomorrow.,2) It is well known that Thomas Edison invented the electric lamp.,3) It is said that,Mr.Green,has arrived in Beijing.,（四）在汉语中，有一类句子不出现主语，在英语中一般可用被动结构来表示,（五）英语中一些词的被动结构表主动意义,be dressed in, be seated in/at/beside/next to,be addicted to , be determined to,be devoted to, be absorbed in, be disappointed at,be lost in, be engaged in/be occupied in, be faced with,Eg,: 1.She is seated on the sofa.,2. Addicted to surfing the internet, the boy often escapes from classes.,3. Determined to give up smoking, he threw away his remaining cigarettes.,4. Disappointed at failing in the math exam, Kenta wouldnt like to talk about it to his parents.,5. Judith lay on the sofa, absorbed in her book.,（六）介词,in, on, under+,名词短语表被动意义,常见的有：,under control, under treatment, under repair, under discussion, under construction, beyond belief, beyond ones reach, beyond ones control, in print, in sight, on sale, on show, on trial, out of control, out of sight, out of ones reach, out of fashion,.,Eg,:,1.The building is under construction (is being constructed),2.The plane was out of control( cant be controlled),3.The road is under repair (is being repaired),4.Today some treasures are on show( are being shown) in the museum.,1.The new dictionaries are very useful. They _well and _already.,A. sell; have been,sold,out,B. sold; had sold out,C. sell, sell out,D. are sold; have been sold out,2. I saw Dave in lift this morning.,-Really? He _ around here for a long time.,A. wont be seen,B. wasnt see,C. hasnt been seen,D. hadnt been seen,A,C,3. The window is dirty.,-I know. It _ for weeks.,hasnt cleaned B. didnt clean,C. wasnt cleaned D. hasnt been cleaned,4. The heros story _differently in the newspapers.,was reported B. was reporting,reports D. reported,D,A,5.Why did you leave that position?,-I _a better position at IBM.,offer B. offered,C. am offered D. was offered,6. More than a dozen students in that school _ abroad to study medicine last year.,sent B. were sent,C. had sent D. had been sent,D,D,7. The policemans attention was suddenly caught by a small box which _ placed under the Ministers car.,has been B. was being,C. had been D. would be,8. Millions of pounds worth damage _ by a storm which swept across the north of England last night.,A. has been caused B. had been caused,C. will be caused D. will have been caused,9. When the old man _to walk back to his house, the sun _itself behind the mountain.,started ; had already hidden,had started; had already hidden,C. had started ; was hiding,D. was starting; hid,C,B,A,10.The water _cool when I jumped into the pool for morning exercise.,was felt B. is felt C. felt D. feels,11. The moment the 28th Olympic Games _open, the whole world cheered.,A. declared B. have been declared,C. have declared D. were declared,C,D,12.Mr Green stood up in,defence,of the 16-year-old boy, saying that he was not the one _.,A.blamed B. blaming,C. to blame D. to be blamed,13. In a room above the store, where a party,_, some workers were busily setting the table.,A. was to be held B. has been held,C. will be held D. is being held,C,A,14.-I dont suppose the police know who did it.,-Well surprisingly they do. A man has been arrested and _now.,A. has been questioned B. is being questioned,C. is questioning D. has questioned,15. The new type of,cellphone,_better if it is advertised on TV.,A. will sell B. sells C. would sell D. sold,B,A,16. The bridge which _ last year looks really beautiful.,A. was built B. built,C. was set up D. had been built,17. This cloth _well and _ long. Ok. Ill take it. ,A. washes/lasts B. is washed/lasted,C. washes/is lasted D. is washing/lasting,18. An exhibition of paintings _ at the museum next week.,A. are to be held B. is to be held C. are holding D. will hold,A,A,B,19. Im sorry, sir. Your recorder isnt ready yet. It _ in the factory.,A. is being repaired B. is repaired,C. has been repaired D. hasnt repaired,20. Every possible means, but none prove successful.,A. has tried B. has been tried,C. is being tried D. tried,A,B,21. My little sister has broken my watch.,- My watch _ by my little sister.,A. is broken B. has broken,C. have been broken D. has been broken,22. He was cleaning his room when I entered the house.,- His room _ by him when I entered the room.,A. was being cleaned B. was cleaned,C. was being cleaning D. has been cleaned,D,A,23. I shall have finished reading the novel by dinner time.,- This novel _ reading (by me) by dinner time,A. will have finished B. will has been finished,C. will have being finished D. will have been finished,24. You ought to keep these three rooms clean.,-These three rooms _ (by you).,A.are,oughted,to keep clean B. ought to kept clean,C. ought to be kept clean D. ought to have been kept clean,D,C,