高考英语阅读理解解题技巧

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,高考英语阅读理解解题技巧,南京市金陵中学 邢文骏,问题一 高考阅读理解是怎样出题的？,重点讲解：命题特点,热点推荐：试题选择,难点评析：问题点拨,重点讲解：命题特点,（一）内容的人文性，时代性,2008,年,4,个阅读语篇中,3,个有很浓的人文气息。,A,篇教育人们,如何管理时间,；,C,篇美术馆参观规则，强调,社会规范意识,；,D,篇逝去的邻居，讲,珍惜家庭和友谊,。,2010,年阅读理解的,4,个语篇：,A,篇西方姓名的由来，重在,传播西方文化,；,B,篇阐释了,人与动物，人与自然,的关系；,C,篇退税规定，贴近生活，旨在,社会规范,；,D,篇高铁畅想,鼓励,关注时事，关心社会,。,2011,年四篇文章体现了时代信息和时代精神：,A,篇是关于生活中离不开小发明，鼓励年轻人要善于把握,发明创新,的契机。,B,篇是应用文，介绍志愿者保护英国国家公园的相关信息，,突出文化，环保主题,。,C,篇关于风力涡轮发电。如何利用,新能源,是当今社会关注的问题，体现了时代热点。,D,篇张扬,爱和人性,。一位父亲鼓励自己心智和身体残疾的儿子参与棒球运动，比赛中同伴们人性的大爱使父亲体会到儿子被接受的感动，使儿子体验了成为英雄的快乐。该文体现了对考生自我教育。,（二）阅读量大，文章篇幅长,年份,2008,2010,2011,总词数,5106,5518,4607,净词数,2214,2326,2012,08,年,D,篇为,859,（,603),词，是一篇完整的短篇小说；,10,年,B,篇,750,（,516,）词，,D,篇,666,（,486,）词；,11,年,D,篇,892,（,595,）词。,（三）体裁的多样性,（,08,）,A,议论文，,B,说明文，,C,应用文，,D,记叙文,（,10,）,A,说明文，,B,议论文，,C,应用文，,D,说明文,（,11,）,A,议论文，,B,应用文，,C,说明文，,D,记叙文,（四）考点覆盖全面,细节题,6-7,题，推理题,4-6,题，主旨题,1,题，,猜词题,1,题,数字计算题,1-2,题。,二,.,热点推荐：试题选择,（一）题材选择：人文性，时代性,人与人，人与社会，自我教育,感恩，励志，生活态度，思维方式，价值取向,（二）体裁选择：四大主流文体,议论文，说明文，应用文，记叙文,（三）篇幅选择：多练长文,文章长度：,450-600,词,（四）限时训练：保证速度,三,.,难点评析：问题点拨,（一）规范行为，定型方法,先阅读正文，再解答问题,讲什么？怎么讲？抒发什么？,抓关键词,：阅读中不能对句子中的每一个词平均施力，一定要区别对待。首先句子的主干部分是阅读重点，即主语和谓语动词，对于修饰性的部分，如定语和状语则可根据题目的需要决定详略。,留心主题句,：如果只顾逐词逐句阅读，往往读完全文却很茫然，词都认识，就是不知道文章讲什么。而文章段落的主题句则可以帮助我们将中心思想和作者意图勾勒出来。,适当预测,：大脑的逻辑思维、推理判断要贯穿于整个阅读，使阅读过程成为连续的,“,推测,验证,”,的过程。,2.,先浏览问题，再阅读正文,长文，难文，应用文,（,06,湖南,）, By conviction,（信念）,she was a sensualist,（感觉论者）, but by nature she was a moralist,（伦理论者）, and in the works she published in the 1970s and 1980s, it was the latter side of her that came forward.,In Illness as Metaphor ,published in 1978, after she suffered cancer she argued against the idea that cancer was somehow a special problem of depressed personalities,（被压抑的性格）, a concept that effectively blamed the victim for the disease.,In fact, re-examining old positions was her,lifelong habit,.,74. As for Susan Sontags,lifelong habit, she _ .,A. misunderstood the idea of seriousness,B. re-examined old positions,C. argued for an openness to pop culture,D. preferred morals to beauty,(,二）积累经验，激活旧知,注意同类话题的积累，用已有知识和经验辅助理解新的语篇。,（三）分清主次，抓住重点,阅读量的保障：每天至少两至三个语篇。,问题二 高考阅读理解有哪些解题技巧？,重点讲解：四种能力,热点推荐：解读真题,难点评析：两类难题,重点讲解：四种能力,（一）主旨大意题,此类题考查学生对文章主题或中心思想的领会和理解能力。问题如：,What is the main idea of the passage?,What does the passage mainly talk about?,What does the writer want to tell us?,Which is the best title of this passage?,主题句在篇首,（,2009,北京卷,D,篇）,The evidence for harmony may not be obvious in some families.,But it seems that four out of five young people now get on with their parents, which is the opposite of the popularly-held image(,印象,) of unhappy teenagers locked in their room after endless family quarrels.,71. What is the passage mainly about?,Negotiation in family B. Education in family,C. Harmony in family,D. Teenager trouble in family,主题句在篇中,（,2009,湖南卷,A,篇）,The one-kilogram Win-Cube satellite, named for its home city and its shape, will be put into low orbit. Once in space, it can perform for a few months or up to several years, communicating information that could help find the early signs of earthquakes.,There are 80 similar satellite projects world wide, but this is,the first high-school based program of its kind in Canada,. 30 Manitoba high school students are having a hand in designing and building the satellite, in cooperation with aerospace(,航空航天的,) experts and 10 students from the University of Manitoba, and with support from two other organizations.,71. The best title for this passage may be,.,A. Manitoba School B. Win-Cube Program,C. Space Cooperation D. Satellite Launching,主题句在篇尾,（,2010,全国卷,I C,篇）,Just as,Chrisite,had noticed changes in McKenzie, I also discovered something different in each of my children during our alone times. For example, I am always surprised when my daughter, who is seldom close to me, holds my hand frequently. My stuttering(,口吃的,) son, Tom, doesnt stutter once during our activities since he doesnt have to struggle for a chance to speak. And the other son, Sam, whos always a follower when around other children shines as a leader during our times together.,The “Mommy and Me” time allows us to be,simply along and away with each childtalking,sharing, and laughing, which has been the,biggest gain. Every child deserves to be an,only child at least once in a while.,64. What is the text mainly about?,The experience of the only child being with mother.,B. The advantage of spending time with one child at a time.,C. The happy life of two families.,D. The basic needs of children.,回顾全文，概括文章的主题,（,2010,福建卷,D,篇）,Earn up to $25 000 a year as a Medical Transcriptionist!,No experience is needed. Work the hours you choose. Train at home in your spare time. The medical job needs skilled transcriptionists.,So if you can type, or are willing to learn, we can train you to work at home doing medical transcriptions,from tapes dictated by doctors. Get free information!,At-Home Profession Corp.,Call Toll Free 1-800-475-0100,or visit,www.at,68. The best title of the 3rd advertisement would be,.,Training at Home,B. Learning at Home,C. Recording Work,D. Working at Home,（二）推理判断题,考查逻辑思维能力，即要求考生根据文章的逻辑关系进行推理判断。题目难度大，涉及面广，如人物的性格、心理，故事的结局、寓意，文章的出处、体裁风格，作者的态度，文章的行文走势等。在阅读中需要充分利用逻辑知识，挖掘文章内涵，摸清作者意图，不能以臆断代替推理，或者忽视作者的倾向，脱离文章本身，拼凑其他,“,事实,”,。同时要善于寻找体现作者观点的信号词，并区别作者观点与对立人观点,。,写作意图,（,2007,全国卷,II B,篇）,If all the students in a class tried out for basketball, some would be very good players; others would be very poor; and many would be in between.,But even the very poor players can become much better players if they are guided in the right way, and with plenty of practice. It is the same with reading.,46. With the example of basketball players, the author shows,.,why certain people are poor readers,B. that there are differences in peoples abilities,C. why some people are good basketball players,D. that good basketball players can be good readers,态度倾向,（,2009,北京卷,D,篇）,An important new study into teenage attitudes surprisingly shows that their family life is more harmonious than it has ever been in the past.,“We were surprised by just how positive todays young people,seem,to be about their families.” said one member of the research team. “Theyre expected to be rebellious(,叛逆的,) and selfish, but actually they,have other things on their mind: they want a car and material goods, and they worry about whether school is serving them well. Theres more negotiation(,商议,) and discussion between parents and children, and children expect to take part in the family decision-making process. The dont want to rock the boat.”,70. According to the author, teenage rebellion,.,A. may be a false belief,B. is common nowadays,C. existed only in the 1960s,D. resulted from changes in families,深层推理,（,2007,全国卷,I E,篇）,Today about 70 countries use Daylight Saving Time (DST). Daylight Saving was first introduced during World War I in Australia. During the world wars, DST was used for the late summers beginning January 1917 and 1942, and the full summers beginning September 1942 and 1943.,The differences in daylight saving in Australia continue to,cause serious problems,in transport and many other social activities. It also reduces,the number of hours in the working day that are common to all centers in the country. In particular, time differences along the east coast,cause major difficulties, especially for the broadcasters of national radio and television.,75. What do we know about the use of DST from the last paragraph?,A. There exist some undesirable effects.,B. It helps little to save energy.,C. It brings about longer working days.,D. Radio and TV programs become different.,（三 ）词义猜测题,猜测文中划线词或短语的意义，或对文中某个句意的理解。解此类题目有时可以通过构词法的原则猜测生词，有时可以通过解释性的语言或标点符号的提示找到答案，但更主要的是要抓住上下文的逻辑意义以及作者的意图。如：,I like to,read,periodicals,such as Time Magazine, Newsweek, Readers Digest,etc.,由上文的,read,和下文,such as,后面所举的例子可以判断“,periodical”,的意思是“期刊”。,根据定义、解释和复述猜测词义,（,2010,重庆卷,D,篇）,As a big plant-eater, it largely,shapes the forest-and-savanna(,大草原,) surroundings,in which it lives, therefore,setting the terms,of existence for millions of other animals that live in its habitat(,栖息地,).,68. What does the underlined phrase “setting the terms” most probably mean?,Fixing the time. B. Worsening the state.,C. Improving the quality,D. Deciding the conditions.,根据因果关系猜测词义,（,2009,安徽卷,A,篇）,The above are the main reasons for this problem, and,therefore,we have to,encourage young people to be more active,as well as,steering,them away from fast food shops and bad eating habits.,58. The word “steering” underlined in the last sentence most probably means,.,A. forcing B. guiding,C. driving D. moving,根据对比关系猜测词义,（,2007,江苏卷,B,篇）,Professor Barry Wellman of the University of Toronto in Canada has invented a term to describe the way many North Americans interact(,互动,) these days. The term is “,networked individualism,”.,This concept is not easy to understand because the words seem to have opposite meanings,.,How can we be individuals(,个体,) and the networked at the same time?,You need other people for networks.,60. The underlined phrase “networked individualism” probably means that by using computer people,.,A. stick to their own ways no matter what other people say,B. have the rights and freedom to do thing of their own interest,C. do things in their own ways and express opinions different from other people,D. are able to keep to themselves but at the same time reach out to other people,（四 ）细节理解题,通过对短文中提供的具体文字、数据、图形等的把握，达到对文中词义、句意及段落意义等文章表层意义的理解。难度不大，答案在文章中可以直接找到，而且常常是原文中的一两句话或者是这些表述的变换形式。但在解题时必须仔细阅读题干，小心核对信息，切不可产生疏漏。必要时，可以先浏览问题再阅读文章，有的放矢地在文章中查找解答问题的依据，避免盲目阅读。,直接信息题,（,2009,全国卷,I A,篇）,I was so sad that someone would steal our bike that,I wrote to the newspaper and told them our story,. Shortly after that, several people in our area offered to help. One wonderful stranger even bought a bike, then called my husband to pick it up. Once again my husband had a way to get to and from his job. It really is an honor that a complete stranger would go out of their way for someone they have never met before.,58. How did people get to know the couples problem?,A. From radio broadcast.,B. From a newspaper.,C. From TV news.,D. From a stranger.,间接信息题,（,2007,湖北,B,篇）,Desert elephants can travel over 70 kilometers in search of feeding groups and waterholes, and have a larger group of families. They drink only every 3-4 days, and can store water in a “bag” at the back of their throat, which is only used when badly needed. Desert elephants are,careful feedersthey seldom root up trees and break,fewer branches, and thus maintain what little food sources are available. Young elephants may even eat the,dung,(,粪便,) of the female leader of a group when facing food shortage.,66. Desert elephants are called careful feeders because they,.,A. rarely ruin trees,B. drink only every 3-4 days,C. search for food in large groups,D. protect food sources for their young,二,.,热点推荐：解读真题,（一）阅读近年高考真题，把握命题规律,1.,江苏省,2008,、,2010,、,2011,高考真题,2.,题号与信息呈现的先后顺序的对应,（二）阅读大学英语四级试题，培养面对挑战的信心,1.,大学英语四级,2009-2011,年阅读部分,2.,大学英语四级,2009-2011,年完形部分,三,.,难点评析：两类难题,（一）主旨大意题,考查对全文或某一段落的整体把握能力，即对整个语篇、段落的抽象概括能力。可以是文章或某一段落的中心，也可以是作者的写作意图等。在阅读过程中要始终留心中心词汇以及段落主题，理清文章逻辑，准确抓住全文的主旨。同时还要,注意选项的表意，其内涵和外延必须恰如其分地概括文章的主题，既不能范围过大，也不能把某个细节或局部误当主题。,Skin is the name for the special covering on our bodies.,It comes in colors such as black, brown, white, yellow and red. However, the color of skin is not most important. All skin has one important job: to protect what is inside our bodies. With careful treatment, your skin will continue to help protect you and your body for a long time.,Skin has two parts. The top part, which can be seen, is called the epidermis (,表皮,). It is a very thin layer of dead skin. The body replaces this layer all the time. People lose about twenty kilos of skin in their life. The inner layer of skin is called the dermis (,真皮,). The skin in this layer is living. The dermis makes new skin for the epidermis. In addition, the dermis has tiny oil glands (,腺,).,The oil glands are important because they,produce oil that helps keep our skin soft. the,dermis is also important because it allows our,body to lose some of its heat. In this way, our,body does not get too hot.,Question: A good title for this article is_.,Functions of Oil Glands B. Human Skin,C. Skin color D. Introduction of skin,（二）推理判断题,做推理判断题时要注意把握语言材料的本质，即,深层理解,不可被文章的字面意思蒙蔽。,（,2008,广东）,How many people have I met,who have told me about the book they have,been planning to write but have never yet,found the time? Far too many.,This is life, all right, but we do treat it like a,rehearsal,（排演）,and, unhappy, we do,miss so many of its best moments.,We take jobs to stay alive and provide homes for our families always making ourselves believe that this style of life is merely a temporary state of affairs along the road to what we really want to do. Then, at 60 or 65, we are suddenly presented with a clock and several grandchildren and we look back and realize that all those years waiting for Real Life to come along were in fact real life.,Q: The first paragraph of the passage tells us that _ .,we always try to find some time to write book,we always make plans but seldom fulfill them,C. we always enjoy many of lifes best moments,D. we always do what really want to do,友情提醒,把握规律，定型方法,限时训练，保证速度,精选素材，提高效率,Good luck !,