高中被动语态sun

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,语态,(voice),是个语法范畴，它是一种动词形式，表示动词的主语与该动词所表示的动作之间的主动和被动关系。当主语是动作的执行者时，动词用主动语态（,Active Voice,）；如果主语是动作的承受者，动词便用被动语态（,Passive Voice,）。,We cleaned the classroom yesterday.,昨天我们打扫了教室。,-?,动词的被动语态由,“,助动词,be+,及物动词的过去分词,”,构成。当主动句变为被动句时，原来的宾语变成了主语，原来的主语变成了介词,by,的宾语。主动句与被动句的结构虽然不同，但动作的执行者和承受者的关系并没有改变。,一般现在时：,am / is / are done,一般过去时：,was / were done,现在进行时：,am / is / are being done,过去进行时：,was / were being done,现在完成时：,have / has been done,过去完成时：,had been done,一般将来时：,shall / will be done ; be going to be done,当句中含有情态动词时，句子结构为,can / must / have tobe done,在被动句中有时用,by-,词组，有时不用。一般来说，当动作的执行者为谁不甚清楚，不甚重要或难以说出时，通常不用,by,。但有时为了强调动作执行者或者由于上下和结构上的需要则必须使用,by,词组。例如：,Hamlet was written,by Shakespeare,. ,哈姆雷特,是莎士比亚写的。,People speak English almost all over the world.,世界各地都有人讲英语。,当主动句的宾语是,that,引导的宾语从句，可转换为两种形式的被动句。,_,1,含有单宾语的主动句的转换：,(,一,),主动句与被动句的转换,People believe that he is an honest boy.,大家认为他是个诚实的孩子。,_,People believe that he is an honest boy.,大家认为他是个诚实的孩子。,2.,含有双宾语的主动句的转换,I gave the book to Mr. Smith yesterday.,昨天我给了史密斯先生一本书。,It is believed that he is an honest boy.,The boy is believed to be an honest one.,The book_,2),把宾语从句里的主语变成被动句的主语，同时把宾语从句中的谓语变成不定式短语。,1),用先行的,it,作形式主语，把宾语从句变成后置的主语从句；,3.,含有介词动词的主动句的转换。,They have never listened to him.,人家从不听他的话。,表示被动意义的主动句：,Cotton feels soft.,棉花摸上去很柔软。,Ripe apples pick easily.,熟了的苹果容易摘下来。,_,Mr. Smith_,语态转,1,.He,teaches,English,in our school.,2.She gave,me,a book.,English_,.,I_,./,A book_,her.,如 遇双宾语，最好变间宾，如若变直宾，间宾前加,to/,for(pass,lend,buy,write,bring,show,tell,),3.He made me do the work.,_,这些动词真奇怪，主动句中,to,离开，被动句中,to,回 来。（,feel,listen,to,hear,let,have,make,look,at,see,watch,),4.They,take good care of,the baby.,_,注意,：含动词词组的被动语态，须,将其看作一个整体，不可把它们分隔开来。,有些情况下动词的主动形式也可以表示被动意义。,一、表示“开始”；“结束”类的动词。常见的这类动词有,begin, start, open, close, end, finish, stop,等。例如：,School begins in September.,The stores in this area open later at weekends than at weekdays.,二、主语是物，谓语是表示主语特征或属性的动词。常见的这类动词有,write, read, wear, wash, clean, sell, run, lock,等。这些动词常与副词或否定词连用。例如：,The machine runs well.,This pen writes quite smoothly.,The bookshelf hardly sells.,三、表示主语状态特征的连系动词：,look, feel, smell, taste, sound, prove, appear,等。例如：,Do you like the material?,Yes, it _ very soft.,A. is feeling B. felt C. feels D. is felt,Your idea sounds reasonable.,What he said proved to be correct.,四、动名词主动形式表示被动意义,1.,在,need, require, want(,需要,),等动词后，表示某物,(,人,),要进行,处理时，后接动名词一般式的主动形式作宾语表示被动意义，相当于不定式的被动式。例如：,Youve come just in time to help us.,Fine, what requires doing? (=Fine, what requires to be done?),This sentence needs _ .,A. an improvement B. improve C. improving D. improved,2. be worth,后接动名词的主动式表示被动意义。,His suggestion is not worth considering.,三、不定式的主动形式表示被动,1,在,there be,结构中。,例如：,There is a lot of homework to do,(,也可用,to be done) There is no time to lose (to be lost).,三、不定式的主动形式表示被动,2,在“,n,pron,+ be +,adj,+ to do”,结构中。常用的形容词有,easy,，,difficult,，,hard,，,impossible,，,nice,，,pleasant,，,light,，,heavy,，,interesting,，,important,，,expensive,，,cheap,，,fit,，,dangerous,等。,例如：,He is hard to convince.,He is an impossible person to work with,3.,在“,tooto do; enoughto”,结构中。,如：,The problem is too difficult to work out (to be worked out),The house is big enough to live in.,4,在“,with+n+to,do”,结构中。,例如：,With nothing to do,，,he lay in bed,With so many exercises to do,，,I cant go to the cinema,5,当不定式的逻辑主语在句中出现时。,例如：,I have a letter to type today,(I,是,to type,的逻辑主语,),Do you have anything to say?,(you,是,to say,的逻辑主语,),6,当不定式隐含在,for,sb,to do,结构中,时。,例如：,This is the best book to read (=for us,you to read),The important thing to do is to lock the door when we leave the house,7,一些作表语用的不定式的主动形式。,常见的这类动词有,let(,出租,),，,rent,，,hire,，,blame,等。,例如：,The house is to let,I felt l was to blame.,NOTICE,动词不定式主动语态形式的使用要比被动语态形式的使用普遍，有时（尤其在口语中）虽然意思上是被动的，也往往用主动语态形式来表示。,I have three motors,to repair today,.,The task is difficult,to finish on time,.,Drills,：,A:,1.It suddenly snowed while Mary _,c_for,the bus.,A.waited,B.waits,C.was,waiting,D.was,waited,2.A big power station( )_,b_in,my home town now.,A.has,been built,B.is,being built,C.has,built,D.is,building .,3.Stamps_d_by people for sending letters.,A.use,B.using,C.used,D.are,used.,4.Must old,people_d_to,politely?,A.speak,B.spoken,C.be,spoke,D.be,spoken,5.Bike,mustnt_everywhere,.,A.be,up,B.be,put,C.put,C.putting,6.The woman fell off the bike and _on the road.,A.lay,B.was,lain,C.lied,D.has,lain,7.The old man and the,children_in,our country.,A.must,take good care,B.must,be take good care of,C.must,take good care of,Dmust,be taken good care of,8.Granny Wang told the little children that the sun_,From the,east.A.has,risenB.rise,C.rises,D.is,risen,9.All trees,must_well,when it is dry.,A.be,water,B.watering,C.water,D.be,watered,10._I think the shop_.,_,No,its,open.,It_at,six. closed,Asked,Bwill,be asked,C.closed;closesD.closes;is,11.This bike is made in America.,Its_for,travelling.,A.use,B.using,C.to,use,D.used,1. Having a trip abroad is certainly good for the old couple, but it remains_ whether they will enjoy it.,A. to see B. to be seen,C. seeing D. seen,Exercise,2. I hurried to the meeting hall, only_ that the meeting had been put off.,A. to tell B. to be told,C. telling D. told,3. Do let your mother know all the truth, she appears_ everything.,A. to tell,B. to be told,C. to be telling,D. to have been told,4. Little Tom should love_ to the theater this evening.,A. to be taken B. to take,C. being taken D. taking,5. It is said that plastics can be used to_ many things. Now people are used to_ plastics products.,A. make; using,B. making; using,C. making; use,D. make; use,6. With a lot of problems_, the newly-elected president is having a hard time.,A. settled B. settling,C. to settle D. being settled,7. He_ and was made to repeat it.,A. didnt understand,B. didnt be understood,C. wasnt understand,D. wasnt understood,8. The pupils here_ all kinds of exercises every day in the past four weeks.,A. kept busy doing,B. keep on doing,C. have kept busy doing,D. have been kept busy doing,9. Visitors_ not to touch the exhibits.,A. will request,B. request,C. are requesting,D. are requested,10. In some parts of the world, tea _ with milk and sugar.,A. is serving,B. is served,C. serves,D. served,The purpose of new technologies is to make life easier _ it more difficult. (MET99),A. not make B. not to make,C. not making D. do not make,不定式与高考题,2. Ive worked with children before, so,I know what _ in my new job.,(MET2000),A. Expected B. to expect,C. to be expecting D. expects,3. Having a trip abroad is certainly,good for the old couples but it,remains _ whether they will,enjoy it. (MET2001),A. to see B. seen,C. seeing D. to be seen,4. Allen had to call a taxi because the box was _ to carry all,the way home. (MET2003),A. much too heavy,B. too much heavy,C. heavy too much,D. too heavy much,5._late in the afternoon, Bob turned,off the alarm. (2001,年北京春季高考,)A. To sleep B. Sleeping,C. Sleep D. Having sleep,6.With a lot of difficult problems _,the newly-elected president is having a hard time.(2002,年上海春季高考,),A. settled B. settling,C. to settle D. being settled,7. She will tell us why she feels so,strongly that each of us has a role,_in making the earth a better,place to live. (2003,上海春季高考,),A. to have played,B. to play,C. to be played,D. to be playing,8. In order to gain a bigger share in,the international market, many,state run companies are trying,_their products more competitive.,( 2002,上海春季高考,),A. to make,B. making,C. to have made,D. having made,