大学英语B网考辅导

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,语法精讲与样题分析,1,词汇,：,根据考试大纲的要求，考生应认知3000个单词，并熟练掌握其中的1800个单词及其基本的搭配。,主要涉及到名词、动词、动词短语、形容词、副词的近义词、同义词、近形词之间的辨析，词的搭配及惯用法。,2,语法,：,根据考试大纲的要求，考生应掌握基本的英语语法知识，并能在听、说、读、写、译中较正确地加以应用。,语法结构部分主要涉及到从句、不定式、分词、动名词、虚拟语气等基本语法结构。,3,题型介绍,：,主要考查语言、词汇、习语和语法方面的系统知识。,特点：一题多个考点，对综合能力提出更高的要求。,题目组成：选择题（5题，15分）和完型填空题（10题，10分）,4,一、关注词性,5,（一）名词,A.,知识要点,名词可分为可数名词和不可数名词。可数,名词有单、复数之分。,1,不可数名词只用单数形式。如果要表示,数量多少，需在其前面加量词来表达。,如：,a piece of news,（一条新闻）；,two pieces of advice,（两条建议）,2,名词所有格的构成是名词加“,s,”，,如：,Marys room,；如原词已有复数词尾,-s,，,则只加“,”，如：,the students hall,通常用于,有生命的存在物的名词；名词所有格也可以,由介词,of,加名词构成，通常用于无生命的存,在物的名词,如：,the window of the classroom.,6,B,例题讲解,What a beautiful house! Especially there are many _.,furniture B. furnitures,C. pieces of furniture D. pieces of furnitures,解析：此题考查名词的单复数。,Furniture,为不可数名词，后面不能加,s,。很多家具用,many pieces of furniture,，因此答案为,C,。,7,（二）冠词,-,知识要点,冠词是一种虚词，用在名词前面，说明名词是,特指还是泛指。冠词分不定冠词和定冠词。,不定冠词,:,a / an,表示,“,一,”,、,“,某一,”,概念，,用于单数可数名词前。,a,用在辅音开头的词前,，,an,用在元音开头的词前。如：,an English teacher/ a second year,一位老师,/,又一年；,2.,定冠词,：,the,表示“特指的一个或一些”。通常,用在形容词最高级及序数词前，或世界上独一,无二的事物前；也用于乐器名词前。如：,the best season,最好的季节,/the first lady,第一夫人,/the earth,地球,/play the piano,弹钢琴；,8,3.,不使用冠词的情况,：在,三餐饭、球类运动,和娱乐运动的名称之前,。在某些惯用词中也不用冠词，以具体名词表示抽象概念。,如：,have lunch吃午饭,play basketball打篮球,go to school上学,9,例题讲解,1）_ girl dressed _ black is,her sister Rose.,（大学英语（B）Test 2, 34）,A,. A; in,B,. A; on,C,. The; on,D,. The; in,解析：,D,。介词in可表示“穿（戴）”的意思。此外，,特指“穿黑色衣服的女孩”，用定冠词the.,2）He is fond of playing _ piano while his brother is interested in listening to,_ music. （大学英语（B）Test 5, 36）,A,. /; the,B,. /; /,C,. the; /,D.,the; the,解析：,C,。演奏的乐器名词前+the。Music为不可数名词，,其前不用可用a/an，而题意“对音乐感兴趣”,并没有特指哪种音乐，也不可用the.,10,3,）,He goes to _ church every Sunday. _ church he usually goes to has seating for over a thousand.,A. a, the B. /, The C. The, theD. /, a,解析：,B,。go to church“做礼拜”是惯用法，不用冠词。“他常去的教堂”表特指，前加the。,11,（三）代词,代词用于指代。包括：人称、物主、反身、,疑问、不定代词等。,1,many, few,和,a few,一般只能修饰或指代可数,名词，,much, little,和,a little,一般只能修饰或指,代不可数名词。,a few,和,a little,表示“有一些”，,具有肯定意义，而,few,和,little,表示“几乎没有”，,具有否定意义。,many,和,much,表示“许多”。,2,表示“全部”：,两者用,both,，,三者以上用,all,;,表示“全无”：,两者用,neither,，,三者以上用,none,；,表示“任一”：,两者用,either,，三者以上用,any,。,12,3.,other, others,the other,the others,another,的区别,（1）,other,作形容词修饰名词，泛指“别的、,其他的”。有时会放在some, any, every,no等词之后。,e.g. We study Chinese,maths, English and other lessons.,（2）,others,是代词，泛指“其他人或物”。,如：Im glad to help others.,（3）,the other,特指范围内的另一个（范围内,一共两个）。,e.g. I have two friends. One is from,Australia, the other is from Japan.,13,（4）,the others,特指范围内的另一些（范围,总数通常多于两个）。,e.g. There are forty students in our class.,Twenty-eight of us are boys, the others,are girls.,（5）,another,指同类中（三个或三个以上）的,“另一个”，是指不确定的另一个。,e.g. Would you like another cup of coffee?,14,例题讲解,1）The baby is,hungry, but theres,_ milk in the bottle.,（大学英语（B）Test 2, 28）,littleB. a little,C. few D. a few,解析：,A,。,milk,是不可数名词，所以只能用,little/a little,修饰，而根据题意“宝宝饿了，,但瓶里几乎没有牛奶了”，只能选,little,（少得几乎没有）。,15,2）She has,two,best friends. _,of them,is,in the country.,（大学英语（B）Test 2, 44）,All B. Both,C. No one D. Neither,解析：,D,。代词,all,表“所有”和,both,表“两者都”，其后的谓语动词需要用复数。,neither,表,“两者都不”，其后的谓语动词用单数。,16,3）Its time to tidy your room, Harry!,See the tidy room, Mum! _,is where it should be.,（大学英语（B）Test 5, 33）,A. SomethingB. AnythingC. EverythingD. Nothing,解析：,C,。根据说话人所说内容可以知道，房间里一切都很整洁，含有整体性，应用everything。Anything用于肯定句时，表强 调，该句没有强调之意。,17,4）The red flower goes from one to _ in the class.,（大学英语（B）Test 6, 27）,A. the otherB. othersC. anotherD. other,解析：,C,。按照句意传花不是两者之间（from one to the other），而是三者以上（from one to another），故选C。,18,（四）数词,-,知识要点,数词分为两大类：基数词和序数词。,1,基数次表示数量（,one, two, three,），,序数次表示次序（,first, second, third,）。,2,数词,hundred, thousand, million,不用复数；,其“复数,+of,”可表示上百、成千、数百万，,如：,three thousand,三千,/,thousands of,trees,（成千上万的树）,3,在年龄的表达时，注意以下表达法：,He is six years old.,（其中,year,须用其复数）,He is a,six-year-old,boy.,（其中,year,不用复数）,“他,6,岁了。”,19,例题讲解,1）They have learned about _,in recent years.,（大学英语（B）Test 2, 37）,A.several hundreds English words,B. hundreds of English words,C. hundred of English words,D. several hundred English word,解析：,B,。hundreds of 之类的短语之前也,可加many，several之类的词修饰。,A项的错误在于hundreds后缺少of。,20,2）Nancy is _ girl.,（大学英语（B）Test 2, 29）,a eighteen-year-old,B. an eighteen-years-old,C. a eighteen-years-old,D. an eighteen-year-old,解析：,D,。,eighteen-year-old,是一个由,连字符连接的复合形容词（其中,year,不用复数），作,girl,的定语。同时，由于,eighteen,是元音开头的词，前面的不定冠词用,an,。,21,（五）形容词和副词的比较级与最高级,A. 知识要点,1比较级和最高级的构成形式,（1）绝大多数单音节和部分双音节词后加-er构成比较级，加-est构成最高级。,如：nice nicer nicest,（2）大部分双音节词和所有的多音节词，,前面加more构成比较级，加the most 构成最高,级。如：careful-more careful-most careful,22,2形容词和副词的应用,（1）同等程度比较：,as + 原级 + as,e.g. Tom is as bright as Mark.,汤姆和亨利一样聪明。,（2）不同程度的比较：,比较级 + than,e.g. Tom is taller than Mark.,汤姆比亨利高。,not as/so + 原级 + as,e.g. Tom is not as/so bright as Mark.,汤姆不如亨利聪明。,23,（3）对比与比较：,(越来越),the +比较级, the +比较级,e.g. The older I get, the happier I am.,我越变老，越觉得幸福。,比较级+ and +比较级,e.g. Jane became more and more beautiful.,珍妮越来越漂亮了。,（4）当几个形容词修饰一个名词时，,其排列顺序是：,好坏、美丑 + 大小、新旧、颜色 + +质地、属性 + 名词,24,（5）当被修饰的是以-thing, -one, -body,结尾的,不定代词,时，,作定语的形容词要后置,。,e.g. I read something interesting.,我读了一些有趣的东西。,25,例题讲解,1）Your box is,mine.,four times as big as,B. four times as bigger as,C. as four times big,D. as big as four times,解析：,A,。在,asas,句型中，如有表示程度的,状语（如,twice, three times,），则置第一个,as,之前，表示前者是后者的几倍。,26,2）Todays weather is _ worse,than yesterdays.,（大学英语（B）Test 2, 40）,very B. much,C. very much D. much too,解析：,B,。,very,用来修饰形容词的原级形式；,much,修饰比较级；,very much,一般用来修,饰动词；,much too,常用来修饰形容词的,原级形式。,27,3）Did the medicine make you feel,better?, No. The more _,_ I feel.,（大学英语（B）Test 6, 43）,A. medicine I take; and the worse,B. medicine I take; the worse,C. I take medicine; the worse,D. I take medicine; worse,解析：,c,。 本题是“越越”句型，,要用“the + 比较级，the + 比较级”句型，,前后分句都用陈述语气。,28,4）What will you buy for your,boyfriends birthday?,I want to buy a _ wallet for him.,（大学英语（B）Test 5, 34）,A. black leather small,B. small black leather,C. small leather black,D. black small leather,解析：,B,。根据多个形容词作定语次序排列规律，,应该是small（大小）+black（颜色）+,leather（质地）。,29,二、关注基本时态,30,动词的基本时态,A. 知识要点,1一般现在时态,形式为do 或does （第三人称单数）。,通常表示客观事实或真理；或表示经常,发生的、习惯性的动作或存在的状态。,e.g. The earth moves around the sun.,地球绕着太阳转。,He always goes to school by bike.,他总是骑车去上学。,（特别提醒：.一般现在时可以代替将来时，,用于时间和条件状语从句中。）,e.g. Please be sure to telephone me,the next time you come.,下,次来之前请一定给我来电话。,31,2一般过去时态,形式为did. 表示过去时间所发生的动作,或存在的状态，常与过去特定的时间状,语连用；或表示过去某一段时间一直持,续或反复发生的动作，可与表示频度的,时间副词连用。,e.g. I bought this computer five years ago.,He often took a walk after supper when,he was alive.,32,3一般将来时态,形式为:will / shall do /,be going to do,.,表在未来某个时间将要发生的动作或存,在的状态。,e.g. The telephone is ringing.,I will answer it.电话在响，我去接。,33,4现在进行时态,形式为:is/am/are+ doing，,表示此时此刻或现阶段正在进行的动作。,e.g. The police are looking for the,two missing children.,警察们正在寻找两个丢失的孩子。,34,5过去进行时态,形式为: was/were + doing，,表示过去某个时刻正在进行的动作。,e.g.,Jane burnt her hand when,she was cooking the dinner.,35,6现在完成时态,形式为:have / has done，常与already，,never，ever, yet连用。用来表示过去,发生的对现在有影响的动作。,e.g. The milk has already become,undrinkable 牛奶已经不能喝了。,或者表示过去某时间开始一直延续到现在的动作。,e.g. He has lived here since 1949.,自从1949年以来，他一直住在这儿。,36,7过去完成时,形式为:had done. 表示在过去某一时刻,以前已经开始并一直延续到这一时刻、,或是在此刻前已经完成的动作。,e.g. By the end of last term we had,learned 1000 English words.,到上学期末我们已经学了1000个英语单词。,37,B例题讲解,1）When Lily came home at 5 p.m.,yesterday, her mother _ dinner,in the kitchen.,（大学英语（B）Test 1, 36）,cooked B. was cooking,C. cooksD. has cooked,解析：,B,。此题意思为：当,Lily,昨天下午,五点回家时，妈妈正在厨房里做饭。,用过去进行时。,38,2）Johns father _ mathematics,in this school ever since he graduated,from Harvard University.,（大学英语（B）Test 1, 40）,taught B. teaches,C. has taught D. is teaching,解析：,C,。此题意思为：约翰的父亲自从,哈佛大学毕业后就一直在这所学校读书，,这种状态一直持续到现在，所以句子用,现在完成时。,39,3）I was giving a talk to a large,group of people, the same talk,I _ to half a dozen other,groups before.,（大学英语（B）Test 2, 45）,was givingB. am giving,C. had given D. have given,解析：,C,。凡是表示过去动作之前的动作要,用过去完成式“,had done”,。根据题意可知,had given,的动作发生在,was giving,之前，,所以用过去完成时。,40,三、关注动词的语态,41,1动词的语态表示主语和谓语之间的关系。英语有两种语态：,主动,语态表示主语是谓语动作的执行者，,被动,语态表示主语是谓语动作的承受者。,被动语态的形式：,be+过去分词,。,e.g. Such stories are published for children.,e.g. The TV was turned on and everybody sat there, watching it.,42,2,英语中的一些,感官动词，,如,see, watch, notice, hear,和,使役动词,make, have, let 在主动的句子中+,不带,to,的不定式,(do sth.),但,在被动语态中,to,则不能少。,eg. I saw him break the window. （主动）,He,was seen to,break the window.（被动）,3,在,need（需要）, want（想要）, require（要求）,等及物动词后面接动名词的,主动形式可以表示被动含义,。,e.g. My hair,needs cutting,.,我该理发了。/ 我的头发需要理了.,43,一些表示状态特征的动词的主动形式表示被动意,义，这种动词可分为如下几类。,1 表示感官的动词：,appear, look, seem,sound（听起来）, smell闻起来, taste尝起来, feel,等。,例如：The music sounds beautiful. 音乐优美动听。2 表示保持某种状态的动词：,keep, remain, stand,sit, lie, last,等。,例如：The house has stood empty for months.那房子空了几个月了。,3 表示变成某种状态的动词：,become, get, turn,等。,例如：Dont get your new trousers dirty. 不要把你的新裤子弄脏。,44,4 表示证明和结果状态的动词：,prove, turn out,等。例如：As time went on, Einsteins theory proved,to be correct.随着时间的推移，爱因斯坦的理论被证明是正确的。,5 表示适合状态的动词：,fit, suit,等。,例如：The shoes dont fit me. 这双鞋我穿不适合。,6 表示拥有状态的动词：,belong to属于, have,等。,例如：This dictionary belongs to me. 这本词典是我的。,45,7.,形容词后必须用动名词主动形式表示,被动含义,be (not) worth doing 值得做,例如：The book is worth reading.这本书值得一读。,The problem is not worth discussing.这个问题不值得讨论。,46,例题讲解,1）Every year thousands of lives _ in road accidents because of careless driving. （大学英语（B）Test 1, 41）,loseB. lost,C. have lostD. are lost,解析：,D,。,因为是每一年，所以句子用现在时；生命被夺走，所以用被动语态。,47,2）After the Minister of Education had finished speaking at the press conference, he was made _ all sorts of awkward questions.,（大学英语（B）Test 3, 40）,answer B. answering,C. answered D. to answer,解析：,D,。题项中将,make sb. do sth.,（让某人干某事）转换成了被动语态,sb. was made to do sth.,（某人被让干某时），因此,to,不能少。,48,3）My watch has been losing time for the past week. It probably needs _.,cleaning B. to clean,C. cleaned D. to be cleaning,解析：,A,。,need+,动名词主动形式（,cleaning,）可以表被动含义。,49,Bye Bye,50,