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单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,(,二,),代词,一、代词概述,代词就是指可以代替名词的词,可分为以下九种,:,人称代词,(personal pronoun),物主代词,(possessive pronoun),反身代词,(reflexive pronoun),相互代词,(reciprocal pronoun),指示代词,(demonstrative pronoun),疑问代词,(interrogative pronoun),关系代词,(relative pronoun),不定代词,(indefinite pronoun),(,一,),、人称代词,人称代词主要有主格和宾格之别。请看下表,人称,我,你,他,她,它,我们,你们,他们,主格,I,you,he,she,it,we,you,they,宾格,me,you,him,her,it,us,you,them,人称代词在句中可作主语、宾语（宾格）、表语等。例如：,We,found English easy to understand.They helped,us,to move the furniture in.Whos that? Its,me.,人称代词,的用法,(1),在并列的主语中，,I,总放在最后,。,Lily, Lucy and I are good friends.,(2)she,可以用来代表国家、船只、大地、月亮等。,The moon is round tonight, isnt she?,当两个以上的人称代词并列时其排列顺序一般为,you, he, she, I,而复数时为,we, you, they.,如男女并列时，应先男后女，如：,He and she ,如果在表示不好意思，承担责任时，单数时用，,I, he, she, you,复数时用,They, you,，,we,如：,Tom and I are good friends.,it,的用法,1.,要点提示,it,可以用作人称代词，它还可以指,时间、天气、距离、上下文,等，另外，,it,还可以作先行词，作,形式主语,和,形式宾语,。,2.,用法指南,(1),作为人称代词，,it,可以用来指东西、动物、婴儿和未确定身份的人。,Wheres my book? Have you seen it?,我的书在哪里？你看见了没有？,The dog is in the garden, isnt it?,狗在花园里，是吧？,The baby cried because it is hungry.,婴儿哭了，因为他,/,她饿了。,(Someone is ringing.) Whos it? Its me.,(,有人在按门铃。,),谁呀？是我。,(2)it,可以指上下文内容,The Olympic Game will be held in Beijing in 2008. It makes the Chinese proud.,2008,年将在北京举行奥运会。这使得中国人非常自豪。,(3)it,表示时间、天气、距离等。,What time is it now? Its half past nine.,It is cold.,Its about ten kilometers from the park to the museum.,(4)it,用作形式主语或形式宾语,Its very important for us to learn English well .,I found it hard to fly a kite.,(,二,),物主代词,物主代词包括形容词性物主代词,有,my, your, his/her/its, our, their,和名词性物主代词，包括,mine, yours, his/hers, ours, theirs.,形容词性物主代词在句中作定语，,相当于一个形容词，,名词性物主代词在句中可作主语、表语、宾语（直接宾语、介词宾语），,相当于一个名词,。例如：,Water is very important to our life.,Its a habit of theirs.,I left my dictionary at home. May I use yours?,(,三,),反身代词,反身代词包括：,myself, yourself, himself, herself, itself; ourselves, yourselves, themselves,以及,oneself,。例如：,I really feel quite ashamed of myself for it.I hope youll enjoy yourself at the party.Help yourself to more soup, please.,反身代词,用法,反身代词是一种表示反射或强调的代词，词尾是,self,或,selves,。,(1),反身代词用作同位语，表示强调,Youll have to do it yourself.,The theory itself is all right. (2),反身代词与人称代词宾格的区别在于，只有当主语和宾语是同一个人时才使用反身代词。,He saw himself in the mirror.,He saw him in the mirror. (he,和,him,指的不是同一人，,him,指代另一个人,),(3),反身代词的固定搭配是常考内容：,They enjoyed themselves at the party last night.,Help yourself to some fish.,I taught myself swimming when I was six.,反身代词的固定搭配：,by oneself (,靠,),自己,enjoy oneself,过得愉快,help oneself to,随便吃,teach oneself,自学,talk to oneself,自言自语,(,四,),指示代词,指示代词包括,this, that, these, those,指示代词在句中可作主语、宾语（直接宾语，介词宾语）、表语和定语。例如：,This steel is not hard enough for our purpose.That argument of his convinces no one.This is what I want to say.Wait until youve heard this.Whats all this? (=Whats the trouble/matter?)John is the monitor of the class, and as such must decide how to do next.Ill tell you about that unforgettable ten days in North Africa.,指示代词,用法,(1),表示空间上的远近：,this,和,these,表示近。,that,和,those,表示远。,No one had worked in this place for ages. I dont like the look of those clouds.,(2),表示时间上的远近,These days the Olympics must mean the best.,At that point he became worried.,注意：,that,和,those,有时可以用来代表前面刚提到过的名词以避免重复。,The best cotton is that from,Xinjiang,.,指示代词的固定搭配：,like this,像这样,thats all right,没关系,more than that,更重要的是,for all that,尽管如此,So thats that.,就是这样。,(,五,),疑问代词,疑问代词包括：,who (,指人，主格），,whom,（宾格），,whose,（所有格），,what,（指物）,which,（指人或物）。疑问代词引导疑问句，在句中可以作主语、宾语、表语、定语等。例如：,Which do you like best, your mother or your father?Who is your,favourite,composer?What channel did you watch on television last night?Whom did you meet on your way home?,这里，,which,是同学们不易掌握的内容，其实，同学们只须记住，,对作定语的内容提问，常用,which,.,例如,: I like,the red,shirt.,_ _ do you like ?,(,六,),关系代词,who (whom, whose), which, that,等可用做关系代词，引导定语从句。例如：,He is a man who can play the piano very well.The people whom you met in the campus yesterday are from England.Is there anyone in your department whose father is a painter?,(,七,),不定代词,不定代词在初中课本中主要有,some, any,，,each, every,all, none,both, either neither,other, another,one,many, much, few, little ,1.some & any,some,（一些，某） 一般用于肯定句中 注：,some,有时也可用于表示请求的疑问句中。在由,would you like,发出的问句中，表达了说话者真心实意要为对方提供些饮料，或在说话者想得到对方的肯定答复时，在疑问句中要用,some,而不用,any,。,Will you give me some water?, Would you like some meat?, May I ask some questions?, Could I have some apples?,any,（任何） 多用于疑问句和否定句,2.every & each,every,单数名词 “每一个” 强调共性，作定语,形式上为单数。如,: Every child likes playing games.,each“,每一个” 强调个性，作定语、主语、宾语和同位语，常与,of,连用。,each,作句子主语时其谓语动词要用单数形式，,如：,Each of us wants to learn English well,，,Each of them has a nice skirt.,但,each,作同位语时，则应以原名词的数为准。如,:We each have a ticket for the concert.,every,只可作形容词,，不可作代词，而,each,既可作形容词，又可作代词，在作形容词时,each,侧重强调个体，而,every,则侧重于全体。,every,用于三者或三者以上的每一个，而,each,用于二者或二者以上的每一个。因为街道只有两侧，所以只能用,each,而不能用,every.,3.All & none,3.all “(,全部,),都” 表示三者或三者以上，作同位语时，一般放在连系、助动词之后，行为动词之前。如：,We are all from Canada. = All of us are from Canada.,none “,没有”表示三者或三者以上都不，后常跟介词,of,。如：,None of us is/are afraid of dogs.,（单、复数均可）,4.both, either, neither,4.both “,（两者）都”,作主语时，看作复数；作定语时，后跟名词复数。,either “,两者中任何一个”,作主语时，谓语用第三人称单数,;,作定语时，后跟名词单数。,neither “(,两者,),都不”,含有否定意义，用法同,either,。 如：,They both swim well.,Both of them swim well.,There are trees on both sides of the street. = There are trees on either side of the street.,Neither of us is going to Beijing next week.,Neither answer is right.,5. Another & other,another +,单数名词, “,另一个”,用于泛指,one the other “,一个,，另一个,”,the other +,复数名词,= the others “,其他的人或物” （指确定范围内剩下的全部）,others “,别人”,如：,There are ten students here. Where are the others?,There are ten students here Where are the other students?,6. eitheror, neithernor,由,eitheror, neithernor, or,连接两个主语时，如果两主语是单数时，用单数代词，如两主语是复数时，用复数代词，如：,Either teachers or students want to do their best to help the old man.,在,eitheror,或,neithernor,连接两个主语时，其谓语动词要与和其相近的那个主语相配。,7.one,one,作代词时，它的复数形式是,ones,所有格形式是,ones,，反身代词为,oneself.,如果,one,与别的词组成其他词，如：,someone, anyone, everyone,或,only one,则要用,his/her,，来作其所有格形式。,8.many, much, few, little,many, much, few, little,这,4,个词前仅能用,so,much,用于不可数名词，作主语时用单数谓语动词。而,many,用于可数名词，它作主语时用复数形式的谓语动词。,a few/ a little,为有一些。,few,用于可数名词，,little,用于不可数名词,意为几乎没有，但,few,作主语时谓语动词则要用复数形式，,little,与,few,用于句中时，均要按否定句看待。,如：,You have few friends, have you?,(,八,),相互代词,相互代词包括,each other,和,one another,。相互代词有数和格的变化，,each others, one anothers,为所有格形式。相互代词在句中作宾语（直接宾语，介词宾语），其所有格可作定语。如：,Most of us know each other pretty well.The men shook hands with one another.,三,例题解析,1 These are,books. Yours are over there.,A / B my C me D mine,2 ,is she?, She is a teacher.,A What,B How,C Who,D Where,3,is wrong with my watch. It has stopped,.,A Something, working B Something, to work,C Any thing, working D Anything, to work,答案,B.,析这里应用形容词性物主代词。,答案,A.,4 Mary, help,to the bananas, please.,A you B your C yourself D yourselves,5 ,do you go to school every day?, By bus.,A How B Why C When D Where,答案,C.,答案,A.,6 My skirt is,popular than,.,A much, her B much, hers,C more, her D more, hers,7 Can you speak English?, Yes, but only,.,A few B a few C little D a little,答案,D.,答案,D.,8 Mr.,Smith is an old friend of,.,A I B me C my D mine,9 “,do you hear from your parents?”,“About once a month.”,A How long B How many,C How often D How much,答案,D.,答案,C.,10,Mr,Green wouldnt say,at the meeting.,A everything B nothing,C anything D something,11 “Mum, Anns coming tonight. Lets give her,to eat.”,“Good idea!”,A anything nice B nice anything,C something nice D nice something,答案,C.,答案,C.,12 When shall we meet, this evening or tomorrow evening?, I dont mind.,time is OK.,A Some B Neither C Either D Both,13 This is not her kite,but,.,A hes B him C he D his,答案,C.,答案,D.,14 Dont worry, Mum!,news is good news. Im sure daddy will come back soon.,A No B Many C Those D Two,15 Mary has six apples. Her brother has three. She has,apples than he.,A few B many C more D fewer,答案,A.,答案,C.,1. There isnt,in todays newspaper.,A anything interesting B something interesting,C nothing interesting D interesting anything,2. September 10th is,Day?,A Teacher B Teachers C Teachers D Teachers,3. In England, people eat a lot of “takeaway” food. What about people in your country?,A So we do. B We do so. C So do we. D We so do.,4. Shall we go into that shop and have a look?, Sorry. I wont. I have,to do there.,A everything B anything C something D nothing,课时训练,A,D,C,D,5. My sister doesnt like skating,.,A So do I B So I dont,C Neither I dont D Neither do I,6. Yesterday morning there were only three boys in our room,.,A you, he and I B I, you and he,C he, I and you D you, I and he,7. All the students are busy, so,of them will go to the concert.,A many B little C a few D few,D.,A.,D,.,8. Oh, dear! Who broke the glass?,Sam,Bruce. It was the cat.,A Both, and B Not, but C Neither, nor D Either, or,9. The students are having a good time in the park. Some are drawing by the lake.,are climbing the hill.,A Others B Other C Another D The other,10. She is not a nurse. Im not,.,A also B either C neither D too,11. I have two pencils. One is red,is blue.,A the other B another C others D the others,C,.,A.,。,B,.,A.,12. Sorry, I cant answer your question.,I know,about the subject.,A little B a little C few D a few,13. The teacher gave,student a new book.,A nobody B both C each D any,14. Black is neither a teacher,a worker.,A or B either C nor D and,15. Our teacher gave us,on studying.,A many advices B some advices,C an advice D some advice,A,.,C,.,D,.,16. There are two foreign friends in the park. One,is from Japan, is from America.,A other B others C the other D the others,17. Are there,on the table?,A some cups B any cup,C some cup D any cups,18. Ive just bought five stamps. One is a German stamp,are American stamps.,A the other B the others,C other D others,C,.,19. It was,fine day that they went to the park.,A a so B so a C such a D a such,20. At that time the train was slow and noisy. So,people liked taking trains.,A little B a little C few D a few,21. We must help and understand each,.,A other B another C others D the other,A.,C,C.,析在单数可数名词前可以有两种表达法，即,such+,不定冠词,+,形容词,+,可数名词单数形式，如：,such a good day,，或者用,so,加形容词,+,不定冠词,+,可数名词单数，如：,so good a day.,22.,is difficult to walk on the moon.,A Man B One C That D It,23. Jane has sent several letters, but,of them have been answered.,A all B both C either D none,24. I dont know,about the new headmaster.,A something B everything,C nothing D anything,25.,of the students in the whole class could do this physics question.,A No B None C Not D Neither,D,.,D.,D.,B.,See you next time!,
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