A级考试写作技巧

,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,A,级应用文写作专题详解,Practical English Writing,考试,试题类型,（一） 邀请函、感谢信、道歉信、投诉信、,祝贺信、求职信、慰问信,（二）备忘录、通知、请假条、电子邮件；,（三） 简历、留言条、广告,邀请信,邀请信是邀请收信人参加某项活动的书信，包含三个方面：,1.,邀请对方参加活动的,内容、时间和地点,；,2.,与该活动有关的,注意事项,；,3.,期待,对方接受邀请，并可表示,感谢,。,Sample,Dear Linda,We havent seen each other for six years after graduation. If you are free this Saturday,please come to,Shanghai and have a good time with me.,We can,first go to,the Century Park, where the flowers are all in blossom. Lets go boating on the lake isnt it pleasant in the cool breeze?,Then,I will treat you to dinner at a western restaurant on Huaihai Roadit is small but really niceIm sure you will enjoy it.,After dinner, lets go to a concertyou are a music lover, arent you?,If you couldnt come, please,notify me,before Friday. If you can, please tell me which train you will take and I will meet you at the railway station.,I am,looking forward to,meeting you.,Sincerely yours,Li Ming,重点句式,1.,我们真诚的邀请王教授来我校做客座教授,We would like to invite Professor Wang to our university as a guest lecturer.,2.,您如果能来出席我们今晚的宴会，我们将十分高兴,We should be very pleased if you could come and have dinner with us this evening.,3.,我很高兴邀请您参加从,到,在,举行的,活动,I am pleased to invite you to participate in .to be held from.to .in,重点句式,4.,我确实希望您能够接受我的邀请,I do hope you will be able to accept our invitation.,5.,您能否早日告诉我是否接受我的邀请,Would you please let me know as soon as possible if you can accept my invitation?,6.,我期盼着您的来信，并希望能见到您,.,I am looking forward to your reply, and eventually, seeing you.,一般包括：,1,、,表达感激之情,，简单陈述写这封感谢信的原因；,2,、,详细说明要感谢的事由,，措词更加具体真诚。再,次表示真诚的感谢；,3,、,向对方表达自己,真诚的祝福,，再次道谢。有时可 向对方,发出邀请,。,感谢信,范文,内容：写一篇感谢信，假设你是李红，你上周到济南旅游，受到了朋友张力的热情款待，写信告知你已经,平安归来,，,感谢,他的款待和导游，并表示,欢迎他,到你处旅游。,Dear Zhang Li,You will be glad to learn that I have arrived home,safe and sound,and have been hard at work after the week-long holiday.,I am often thinking of the time we spent together in Jinan.,Thank you for,giving me a warm welcome when first arrived there and for making your time for me to show me around the city. My impression of the city is wonderful and sweet because you are there.,When you have a vacation to take, consider my place a small but beautiful seaside city. I am,looking forward to,being your tour guide someday.,Y,ours faithfully,Li Hong,重点句式,1.,我特地写信感谢你来医院看望我,I am writing to you to thank for your visiting me in the hospital.,2.,这封信将满载着我对你热情款待的真挚感谢之情,I would like to convey in this letter my heartfelt thanks to you for your hospitality.,3.,我非常感谢你的,. I am grateful/ obliged to you for.,重点句式,4.,我非常感谢你的好意，并希望有机会回报你。,I deeply appreciate your courtesy and we hope to have the opportunity of rewarding you.,5.,你为我这样做真是太好了，我感激不尽,It was kind and generous of you to do this for me, and I appreciate it more than I can say.,7.,我再次向你表示感谢,Again, I would like to express my warm thanks to you.,主要内容一般包括：,1,、直接说明需要表达歉意的,事情,；,2,、解释清楚事情发生的,原因,；,3,、表明写信的目的，,表示遗憾,和内疚之意；,4,、有时需要表达补救的意思或提出,补救方法,；,5,、,请求对方接受,自己的道歉。,道歉信,To Mr. Green,I would like to,apologize for,missing our scheduled appointment last Wednesday, April 21, 1999. I also,apologize for,not calling in advance to cancel. I will call your office this week to reschedule a meeting with you.,Thank you for,your understanding and patience.,Sincerely,Mike L. Jackson,重点句式,1.,我必须为,向你道歉,I must apologize to you for,2.,我感到很抱歉，因为,I am terribly/awfully sorry that.,3.,我衷心希望您能够接受我的道歉,I sincerely hope that you will kindly accept my apologies.,投诉信,1,、说明,投诉的原因,并表示遗憾；,2,、实事求是地,阐述问题发生的经过,，不要夸大其词；,3,、指出问题引起的,后果,；,4,、提出批评及处理的,意见,或敦促对方采取措施,或者提出所希望的,赔偿,以及补救方式。,Dear Manager,I venture to,write to complain,about the quality of the digital camera I bought last Friday at your store.,During the five days,the camera has been in my possession, problems have emerged one after another. For one thing, the screen is always black, making the camera no different from a traditional one. For another, the battery is distressing as it supports the cameras operation for only two hours.,Therefore,I wish to,exchange it for another camera or declare a refund. I will appreciate it if my problem receives due attention.,Yours,Li Ming,投诉信重点句式,1.,我先写信向你表达对,的不满,I am writing to express my dissatisfaction with .,2.,我现写信向你投诉有关,Im writing to complain about.,3.,我抱怨的原因如下,The reasons why I complain are as follows.,4.,为了改善局面，建议采取以下措施。其一 ， 其二,In order to improve the situation, Its advisable to take the following measures. For one thing .for another, .,5.,我希望问题可以尽早得以解决。,I do hope that the problems will be solved as soon as possible .,6.,我希望你们能够考虑一下我的建议，以便改善局面。,I hope my suggestions will be taken into consideration to improve the situation.,祝贺信的主要内容一般包括：,1,、说明所祝贺的,事情,；,2,、,表达,自己真诚、喜悦的心情，用词亲切、自然；,3,、说明对方获得,成功等的原因,；,4,、表达对,未来的祝贺,。,祝贺信,Dear Ming,We are very,happy to know,that you have successfully passed the College Entrance Examination this year and have been admitted into Peking University. Allow us to give our most,sincere congratulations,on this exciting occasion.,You have all along been working hard at your professional studies, and you are excellent in most subjects. Your success shows that,only hard work,can yield good results.,We take this opportunity to express our,best wishes,to you. Wish you greater achievements in your college education.,Yours cordially,Zhang Ning,重点句式,1.,衷心祝贺您顺利毕业,Heartiest congratulations upon your graduation.,2.,祝你生日快乐，你是最棒的！,I hope your birthday is especially happy; you deserve the best.,3.,我们祝愿您在新的职位取得成功，期待我们的进一步合作,We wish you success in your new post and look forward to closer cooperation with you.,重点句式,2,4,.,祝你好运，祝你幸福,Wish you the best luck and everyhappiness.,5.,我们对你生活中最幸福的事表示真诚的祝贺,We sincerely congratulate on the happiest event of your life.,6.,我相信我将获益匪浅,I believe I will derive great benefits from it.,求职信,求职信的主要内容一般包括：,1,、应聘什么岗位；,2,、个人情况（学历、经验）；,3,、期望得到答复；,4,、感谢。,写一封担任机械工程师的求职信。内容有,:,1.,在,中国日报,看到求职信招聘机械工程师的广告；,2.,申请者,25,岁，毕业于交通学院，取得工程技术技术学士,学位，在学院的实验室工作三年，有足够的工作经验；,3.,随信附上个人简历并期待回复。,To Whom It May Concern,(,给有关部门的有关人员,),I am applying for the position of,a mechanical engineer which you advertised in the China Daily.,I am 25 years,old,and,graduated from,Communication University with a B. A. in Mechanical Engineering. I have been,working,in the laboratory at the University for three years and have got enough experience for your needs,so I trust I am qualified to fill your position.,I am enclosing my,resume,and,looking forward to,hearing from you shortly.,Y,ours sincerely,Eve,1.,我看到贵公司于,6,月,26,日所登的招聘秘书的广告，如果您能考虑本人对此工作的申请，我将不胜感激。,I have read your advertisement in .of June 26 for a secretary, and should be grateful if you consider me favorably as a candidate for the position.,2.,我很乐意为您提供更多有关我的学历和工作经历的情况,I shall be pleased to provide you with any further information concerning my education and work experience.,3.,我精通,I have a good command of ,4.,这个职位将为我的学习和进步提供良机，他对我十分重要。,This position would provide an opportunity for learning and advancement, which is important to me.,5.,我希望您能够考虑我的申请，并给与我面试的机会。,I hope you would take my application into account favorably and entitle me to an interview.,6. 感谢您的时间和考虑Thank you for your time and consideration.,7. 我随时可以接受面试，请打,号码与我联系I am available for an interview any moment. Please contact me at .,8. 随信附上我的简历。I have enclosed my resume with this letter.,慰问信一般包括：,1,、表明消息的来源以及听到消息的,感受,；,2,、以乐观的语言,减轻对方的烦恼,、痛苦或悲伤；,3,、衷心希望对方能,早日康复,或快乐，情况会改变等；,4,、提出,愿意帮忙,，并表达关切之情。,慰问信,听说你昨天晚上骑车被卡车撞伤的消息后，我们大为震惊。现在怎么样了？希望伤腿手术顺利，一切安好。,我们将于本周六下午去看望你，相信那时你的伤势会大有好转。,衷心祝你早日康复。,Dear Jerry,We are greatly,shocked to learn that,you were knocked down by a truck while cycling back to the campus last night. How are feeling today? We,do hope,that you are doing well after the operation on you injured leg indeed.,We are coming to see you on Saturday afternoon and,trust that,your condition will remarkably improve by then.,With every,good wish,for your swift recovery!,Sincerely yours,Members of Room 411,简历（,Resume,）,Memo,格式,标题,Memo,（,MEMO,）,收件人,To,：,发件人,From,：,发文日期,Date,：,事由,Subject,正文,Message,1,、首先,memo,这个词有些时候是可以被省得，因为大多数,memo,都印在专门的公司用纸上，如果没有,memo,这个词，则必须写出来。,2,、不必用过于复杂的单词，行文应该简洁，语言要有礼貌。,MEMO,To,：,James Palmer,，,Sales Director,From,：,Jane, Regional Sales Manager,Date: 23 April,2004,Subject: Survey,As requested by the Managing Director, I have done a consumer research survey concerning our products. The survey showed that the market potential for our own brand shirts could be negligible.,留言条,时间？谁？ 事情？ 要求？,Apr. 20,2008,Dear Yang,Mr. Liu Bing called you this morning but you were not in. He wanted to meet you this coming Saturday, 9 a.m., at the university gate. If that is not convenient for you, you are requested to ring him up at any time evening from 8 p.m. to 10 p.m. at 123454576.,Yours,Amelia,通知,大二（一）班的全体同学将于,2002,年,11,月,20,日在学校图书馆举办一次活动，活动包括诗朗诵、讲故事、唱歌、舞蹈，现以全班同学的名义邀请全院同学参加，届时，将请各班主任作为教师代表出席，请参加的师生每人准备好一个节目。发布通知的日期为,2002,年,11,月,11,日。,Notice,Were going to have interesting activities in the school library at 8:00 a.m on November 20, 2002. By then, some of us will read poems and some will tell stories. You can also hear wonderful singing and watch beautiful dancing there. We hope all the students can come and join in the activities. All the headmasters will be invited to our activities as representatives of teachers. Please get one performance ready because some of you will probably be asked to give us one .,Students of Class3,Senior2.,November 11,2009.,练习,Directions,：,For this part, you are allowed thirty minutes to write a composition on the topic,A Letter to the University President about the Canteen Service Campus,. You should write at least 120 words and you should base your composition on the outline below:,假如你是李明，请你就本学校食堂的状况给校长写一封信，内容应包括：食堂的饭菜质量、价格、环境、服务等，可以是表扬，也可以是批评建议，也可以都有。,第一段：称呼,Dear Mr. President,第二段：引出写信的目的主题句：,This letter comes to you from _.,扩展句：,In it, some opinions are put forward for you to reflect upon.,第三段：对学校食堂正面的看法主题句：,As you know, _ . But unfortunately, _.,扩展句：,1,、,_. (,举例,)As a result, _.,2,、,Besides, _.,3,、,And whats more,_.,第四段：对学校食堂负面的看法主题句：,Some people may argue that _.,扩展句：,1,、,For instance, _ and _.,2,、,But in my opinion, _.,第五段：结尾，表明自己看法结尾句：,To be belief, though a bit dissatisfied with _.,扩展句：,I do believe that, with the efforts of all people concerned, we can solved the problems there.,Thanks,Li Ming,图表类文章,图表作文多以,说明文和议论文,为主，要求考生根据所给的图表、数据及标题进行,分析,、研究，阅读其中的文字和说明，,弄清,各种信息之间的关系，,提炼,和确定出文章的中心思想。然后进行分析、概括和,归纳,。,注意：,1,）图表和数据内容,不必全部描述,。,2,）善于,抓住总的规律,，趋势，,归纳增减率,。,3,）时态：特定时间用,过去时,。经常出现的情况或自己的评述用一般,现在时,。,图表作文的类型,数字表：曲线图,(line graph),表格,(table),图形表：饼状图,(pie chart),条状图,(bar chart),常见的表达用语,短语,上升,go up to/ climb to/ increase to/ rise to/ jump to,The population of this city,has been increasing,so rapidly that it has now amounted to 250 million.,There was,a rapid increase between,1993 and 1994, and the number then,jumped to,five million in 1995.,保持没变,remain; not change,The number of fires in each month remained the same.,下降,fall to; go down to; decrease; drop to; decline;,In comparison with that in 1988, the percentage of peak points,decreased by,30%.,The number of South American travelers,increased slightly,and the number of visitors from Europe,declined slightly.,描述性,The table shows (indicates) that,a great number of people spent their holidays traveling abroad.,As we can see from the graph,that the rate dropped slightly from 38% in 1993 to 31% in 2003.,From the table we can find out that,only 35% of the people have taken in physical activities.,According to Chart I,the number was ten,times as many as,in 1995.,Compared with,the boys, the girls show more interested in chatting.,The number,of the boys playing games,is much larger than,that of the girls.,.is equal to that of.,As can be seen from the chart that, only 10% of the time is taken up with sports activities.,As is shown in the chart, the production last month rose so significantly,As is described in the chart, the total number of visitors to the United States had nearly doubled to 2.7 million person by 1974.,It is clear from the chart,that as incomes increase people can afford to live more comfortably and eat well.,Therefore, we need to educate our children, warning them of the dangers of playing with matches.,In conclusion,the upward trends suggest that more and more computer users will have access to Internet in the future.,In summary,smoking increased three different times and declined twice, with the last downward trend still continuing.,结论性,常用连接词,To move to the next major point,: whats more, in addition, besides, furthermore.,To contrast a point,: on the contrary, on the other hand, nevertheless, however, yet.,To conclude a point,: consequently, as a result, in other words, in short, accordingly.,To emphasize a point,: without doubt, chiefly, as a matter of fact, in fact.,黄金三定律,定律之一：清晰,一、越确切具体越好,首先应明确了解自己所要传达的信息、读者的范围及特点，然后再选择相关信息，采用某种文体格式传递给读者。,二、组织结构富有逻辑性,通过采用从一般到具体、从“全景”到细节、从问题的定义到分析再到提出解决方案等,定律之二：准确,首先,要尽量不要在学术文章中出现“大概、也许”之类模棱两可的词语，避免出现容易让人困惑和误解的词语和表达法；,其次,要尽量避免使用那些有多种含义的词语和表达法。,例如：,Singapore is a fine country,这句话中的,fine,一词有多种含义，如“好的、细小的、罚款”等。,定律之三：简洁,首先，,直截了当、切中要点是保证文章简洁的最好写作形式,。,直奔主题、简单明快。,例如，在写作一个段落时，常常将概括段落主要内容的主题句（,topic sentence,）作为段落的首句，以便让读者迅速明确本段要讲述的内容。,另外，,写作时尽量将每个句子写得简短一些，少用或不用冗长的复合句。,切记：,短小精练的句子表达的意思才强而有力。,Thank You !,