The_differences_between_British_and_American_English

,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,The differences between British and American English,Group 6,1,The spelling of them,In the United States development of language, spelling have occurred in a similar movement of our simplified characters (The simplified Spelling Movement), delete the word spelling in some of the letters are not pronounced.,2,1、英语单词中不发音的词尾-me, -ue在美语拼写中被删除。,British American,公斤 kilogramme kilogram,方案 programme program,目录 catalogue catalog,对话 dialogue dialog,序言 prologue prolog,2、英语中的以-our结尾的单词，在美语中删去了不发音的字母u。,British America,举止、行为 behaviour behavior,颜色 colour color 特别喜爱,favourite favorite 风味 flavour flavor,荣誉 honour honor,劳动 labour labor,3,3、英语中以-re结尾，读音为2的单词，在美语中改为-er结尾，读音不变。,British American,中心 centre center,纤维 fibre fiber,公尺 metre meter,剧场 theatre theater,4、英语中某些以-ence为结尾的单词，在美语中改为- ense结尾，读音仍为ns。,British American,防御 defence defense,犯法行为 offence offense,执照 licence license,托词 pretence pretense,4,5、英语中以-ise结尾的动词，美语中则拼作-ize。,例如：,British American,批评 criticise criticize,组织 organise organize,实现 realise realize,辨认 recognise recognize,使标准化 standardise standardize,6、英语中以双写-ll-拼写的部分词，在美语中只有一个-l-，,例如：,British American,地方议员 councillor councilor,顾问 counsellor counselor,珠宝商 jeweller jeweler,奇异的 marvellous marvelous,包裹 parcelled parceled,旅行 travelling traveling,5,7、英语中以- xion-kJ2n结尾的词，美语中拼作-ction，读音不变,。,British American,联系 connexion connection,弯曲 inflexion inflection,反射 reflexion reflection,8、除以上几类词的拼写不同外，也还有一些常见的，在英语和美语中拼写各异的无法归类的词,。例如：,British American,支票 cheque check,监狱 gaol jail,路边的镶边石 kerb curb,小胡子 moustache mustache,犁 plough plow,睡衣裤 pyjamas pajamas,怀疑的 sceptical skeptical,橡皮 erarer rubber,6,The different uses of them,一、Noun.,1,、美国英语将其他词类名词化的倾向比英国英语更为明显，特别是那些带介词的短语动词：to cook out a cook-out ;to know how the know-how; to run down the rundown; to be shut in a shut-in; to stop over the stopover等,7,2、集合名词做主语时，英国英语的谓语动词可以是单数形式或者复数形式，美国英语几乎总是用单数形式。例如：BE ：They are a family who has been very influential in the history of this country. AE/BE: The committee has decided to look into the matter further.名词作定语时，美国英语多用单数形式，而英国英语则常用其复数形式。例如：BE：The worker decided to form a new trades union. AE: The worker decided to form a new trade union.,8,二、Verb.,动词 have ,get, make 当动词have有致使之意时，美国用have;英国对上级用get,对下级用make.英语中的to have 是个词性不明确的动词。英国人既把它用作助动词又把它用作实义动词；美国人则一律将它当作实义动词来用。例如：BE: I will get someone come.AE: I will have someone come.,9,三、Adj.在美国英语中，形容词的比较可以跟在all the 之后，表示强调。而英国英语则使用any 加形容词比较级这一形式来表示强调。例如：BE: Cant you do any better than that? AE: Is that all the better you can do?,10,四、Simple Past Tense and Present Perfect Tense 表示距现在不远的过去所发生或完成的事情，英国英语常用现在完成时，则美国英语则倾向于使用一般过去时。例如：BE：I have studied your report already.AE：I studied your report already.BE：Now I know what it is! Ive forgotten its name.AE：Now I know what it is! I forgot its name.,11,另外：美语与英语在习惯用法上也存在着明显的差异。比如，英国英语在虚拟式中往往要加should，而美语大都不用。表示有或没有的概念，英语用to have/havent got，美语则用to have/dont have；不得不、必须做什么，英语用to have got to do something，美语只须说to have to do something；,12,Differences in vocabulary,13,Past Simple/Past Participles,Dreamdreamt OR dreamed,Leanleant OR leaned,Learnlearnt OR learned,Smellsmelt OR smelled,Spellspelt OR spelled,Spillspilt OR spilled,BurnBurnt OR burned,The following verbs have two acceptable forms of the past simple/past participle in both American and British English, however, the irregular form is generally more common in British English (the first form of the two) and the regular form is more common to American English.,14,Prepositions,American English - on the weekendBritish English - at the weekend,American English - on a teamBritish English - in a team,American English - please write me soonBritish English - please write,to,me soon,15,The importance of learning differences,I suggest you look them over because you never know when you may run into an American after studying British English, or when you may run into a Brit after having studied American English.,I can assure you that the differences between American and British vocabulary are just enough to cause a few laughs.,Well, maybe a few. misunderstandings. ;-),Whats,important,to remember?,That,both,British English and American English are accepted on the examinations as long as you,consistently use,either one or the other. In other words, dont mix,16,USA - UK differences,BRITISH ENGLISH,Buildings in General,block of flats,first floor,flat,ground floor,lift,Household Furniture,camp bed,chest of drawers,cot,cupboard,curtains,dresser (for plates, dishes),AMERICAN ENGLISH,Buildings in General,apartment building,second floor,apartment,first floor,elevator,Household Furniture,cot,dresser,crib,closet,drapes,hutch,17,USA - UK differences,Meat,minced meat,Snacks,biscuits,chips,crisps,sweets,sweetshop,Meat,ground meat (hamburger),Snacks,cookies,French fries,chips,candies,candy store,18,List of words having different meanings in British and American English,major,(in the past, in English public schools) used to denote the eldest of two or more pupils with the same surname (Bloggs major )-,british meaning,important or significant(n.) rank between,captain,and,Lieutenant Colonel,in the army and marines. -,Meanings common to British and American English,(n.) a college/university students main field of specialization (his,major,is physics); the student himself (he is a physics major); (v.) to pursue a major (he majored in physics) (compare,minor,; UK: compare,read,)(n.) rank between,captain,and,Lieutenant Colonel,in the air force (UK,squadron leader,) and in some police agencies (UK approx.,superintendent,) -,american meaning,19,office,(cap.) a government department (,Colonial Office, ,Foreign and Commonwealth Office,)(pl.) the outbuildings and dependencies of a dwelling (as an estate),a place of business; a position or functiona particular division of an administrative unit (,Patent Office,),the place where a physician or dentist practises (UK:,surgery,),20,The pronunciation of them,Differences in,pronunciation,between,American English,(AmE) and,British English,(BrE) can be divided into:,Differences in,accent,(i.e.,phoneme,inventory,and,realisation,). See,differences between General American and Received Pronunciation,for the standard accents in the United States and Britain; for information about other accents see,regional accents of English speakers,.,Differences in the pronunciation of individual words in the,lexicon,(i.e. phoneme,distribution,). In this article, transcriptions use Received Pronunciation (RP) to represent BrE and General American (GAm) and to represent AmE.,21,stress,ate and atory,Most 2-syllable verbs ending,-ate,have first-syllable stress in AmE and second-syllable stress in BrE.,This,includes,migrate,placate,prostrate,pulsate,rotate,spectate,striated,vacate,vibrate,; in the case of,cremate,narrate,placate, the first vowel is in addition reduced to / in BrE. Examples where AmE and BrE match include,create,debate,equate,elate,negate,orate,relate,with second-syllable stress; and,mandate,and,probate,with first-syllable stress. Derived nouns in,-ator,may retain the distinction, but those in,-ation,do not. Also,migratory,A2 and,vibratory,retain the distinction.,Most longer,-ate,verbs are pronounced the same in AmE and BrE, but a few have first-syllable stress in BrE and second-syllable stress in AmE:,elongate,remonstrate,. However, some derived adjectives ending,-atory,have a difference, as stress shifting to,-at-,can occur in BrE. Among these cases are,regulatory,B2,celebratory,A2,participatory,B2, where AmE stresses the same syllable as the corresponding,-ate,verb; and,compensatory, where AmE stresses the second syllable.,A further,-atory,difference is,laboratory,: AmE /lbrtri/ and BrE /lbrt()ri/.,22,Affixes,-ary -ery -ory -bury, -berry, -mony,Where the syllable preceding,-ary,-ery,or,-ory,is stressed, AmE and BrE alike pronounce all these endings /ri/. Where the preceding syllable is unstressed, however, AmE has a full vowel rather than schwa: /ri/ for,-ary,and,-ery,and /ri/ for,-ory,. BrE retains the reduced vowel /ri/, or even,elides,it completely to /ri/. (The elision is avoided in carefully enunciated speech, especially with endings,-rary,-rery,-rory,.) So,military,is AmE /mltri/ and BrE /mltri/ or /mltri/.,23,Note that stress differences occur with ending,-atory,(explained,above,) and a few others like,capillary,(included,above,). A few words have the full vowel in AmE in the ending even though the preceding syllable is stressed:,library,primary,A2,rosemary,. Pronouncing,library,as /labri/ rather than /labrri/ is highly stigmatized in AmE, whereas in BrE, /labri/ is common in rapid or casual speech.,The,placename,component,-bury,has a similar difference after a stressed syllable: AmE /bri/ and BrE /br/ or /br/. The ending,-mony,after a stressed syllable is AmE /moni/ but BrE /mn/. The word,-berry,in compounds has a slightly different distinction: in BrE, it is reduced (/bri/ or /bri/) after a stressed syllable, and may be full /bri/ after an unstressed syllable; in AmE it is usually full in all cases. Thus,strawberry,is BrE /strbri/ but AmE /strbri/, while,whortleberry,is BrE /wtlbri/,24,-ile,Words ending in unstressed,-ile,derived from,Latin,adjectives ending,-ilis,are mostly pronounced with a full vowel (/al/) in BrE but a reduced vowel /l/ or,syllabic,/l/ in AmE (e.g.,fertile,rhymes with,fur tile,in BrE but with,turtle,in AmE). This difference applies:,generally to,agile,docile,facile,fertile,fissile,fragile,futile,infertile,missile,nubile,octile,puerile,rutile,servile,stabile,sterile,tactile,tensile,virile,volatile,;,usually to,ductile,hostile,(im)mobile,(adjective),projectile,textile,utile,versatile,;,not usually to,decile,domicile,infantile,juvenile,labile,mercantile,pensile,reptile,senile,;,not to,crocodile,exile,gentile,percentile,reconcile,; nor to compounds of monosyllables (e.g.,turnstile,from,stile,).,25,Related endings,-ility,-ilize,-iliary,are pronounced the same in AmE as BrE. The name,Savile,is pronounced with (/l/) in both BrE and AmE.,Mobile,(sculpture),camomile,and,febrile,are sometimes pronounced with /il/ in AmE and /al/) in BrE.,Imbecile,has /al/ or /il/ in BrE and often /l/ in AmE.,26,-ine,The suffix,-ine, when unstressed, is pronounced sometimes /an/ (e.g.,feline,), sometimes /in/ (e.g.,morphine,) and sometimes /n/ (e.g.,medicine,). Some words have variable pronunciation within BrE, or within AmE, or between BrE and AmE. Generally, AmE is more likely to favour /in/ or /n/, and BrE to favour /an/: e.g.,adamantine,A2,carbine,crystalline,A2,labyrinthine,philistine,serpentine,A2,turbine,A2. However, sometimes AmE has /an/ where BrE has /in/; e.g.,iodine,B2,strychnine,A2.,27,Weak forms,Some,function words,have a,weak form,in AmE, with a reduced vowel used when the word is unstressed, but always use the full vowel in RP. These include:,or,;,you,j;,your,j.,On the other hand, the,titles,Saint,and,Sir,before a persons name have weak forms in BrE but not AmE: before vowels, snt and sr; before consonants, sn and s.,28,Single differences,29,