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单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,名词的性,分类,所有格,名词的数,句法功能,可作主语、表语、宾语、宾语补足语、同位语、定语,名词,物质名词和抽象名词,个体名词和集体名词,不可数,可数,专有名词：例：,England,普通名词,个体名词：例：,desk,集体名词：例：,class,物质名词：例：,meat,抽象名词：例：,help,s,所有格,of+,名词,of+s,双重所有格,阴性,阳性,mother, queen, witch,father, king, wizard,名词,初中英语语法系列,名词按类别可以分为专有名词和普通名词,。,专有名词,： 表示 人、地方、事物、机构、组织等名称的词 例：,Lucy, China, the Great Wall,普通名词,：可数名词和不可数名词,可数名词,：,个体名词,-,表示单个的人或事物的词,pencil, chair, table, bike,集体名词,-,表示一群人或者一些事物的,总称的词,family, police, team,不可数名词,：,物质名词,-,表示无法分为个体的物质的词,rice, water, paper,抽象名词,-,表示状态、品质、行为、感情,等抽象概念的词,knowledge, danger, love, health, life,可数名词及其单复数,情况,构成方法,例词,一般情况,加,-s,pen-pens, map-maps,以,-s,-x, -ch, -sh,结尾,加,-es,bus-buses, box-boxes,watch-watches, brush-brushes,以,“,辅音字母,+y”,结尾,将,y,变为,i,再加,-es,factory-factories, family-families,以,“,元音字母,+y”,结尾,只加,-s,boy-boys, day-days,以,-o,结尾,有生命的加,-es,无生命的加,-s,Negro, hero, potato, tomato,黑人英雄爱吃土豆和西红柿,以,-f,或,-fe,结尾,将,f,或,fe,变为,v,再加,-es,wife, thief, shelf, knife, wolf, half, leaf, life,妻见小偷架下藏， 手拿小刀想杀狼，谁知落下半片叶，砸在头上一命亡,不规则变化,1.,变内部元音情况,man-men, woman-women,foot-feet, tooth-teeth, goose-geese,mouse-mice,2.,在词尾加,-(r)en:,child-children, ox-oxen,3.,单复数同形：,sheep-sheep, fish-fish, deer-deer.,4. “,某国人,”,变复数的口诀：中日不英法变，其余,-s,加后面,Chinese-Chinese, Japnese-Japnese, Englishman-Englishmen,American-Americans,复合名词复数,1.,一般情况下把后面一个名词变为复数,a girl student-five girl students an apple tree- ten apple trees,2.,由,man,和,woman,构成的复合名词变复数时，两个名词都变为复数,a man doctor-three men doctors,a woman teacher-six women teachers,3. sport,作定语修饰其他名词时，无论主体词是单数还是复数,sport,通常用复数形式,a sports club, sports shoes,不可数名词有表达,（,1,）不可数名词没有复数形式。前面不能用不定冠词修饰，但可用,much, a lot of, lots of, plenty of, some, little, a little,等修饰。作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。,（,2,）常用,“,数词,/,不定冠词,+,表示数量单位的名词,+of+,不可数名词,”,来表示不可数名词的量。作主语时，谓语动词的数取决于,of,前面的名词的数,a glass of water three bottles of pop,(3),常考的不可数名词,advice, furniture, fun, homework, housework, information, paper, sugar, work, news, progress, traffic, weather,有些名词既可以作可数名词以可作不可数名词，其意义不同,exercise,锻炼,exercises,习题，演练,work,工作,works,著作,paper,纸,papers,报纸，试卷,room,空间,rooms,房间,cloth,布,clothes,衣服,wood,木头,woods,森林,time,时间,times,次数,good,益处,goods,货物,专有名词,1.,专有名词的首字母要大写,the United States the Summer Palace,颐和园,2.,常见的专有名词,（,1,）节假日：,Childrens Day, Mothers Day,（,2,）,月份、星期,（,3,） 江河、海洋、山脉、群岛、沙漠等,the Yellow River,黄河,the Himalayas,喜马拉雅山,名词所有格,名词所有格表示名词之间的所属关系。,Beijing is Chinas capital.=Beijing is the capital of China.,（,1,）,s,所有格,情况,方法,例子,单数名词,词尾加,-s,my friends uncle,以,s,结尾的复数名词,词尾加,-,Teachers Day,不以,s,结尾的复数名词,词尾加,-s,Childrens Day,表示两人共有,在最后一个名词后加,-s,Lucy and Lilys mother,表示各自所有,在各个名词后加,-s,Lucys and Lilys rooms,有些表示时间的名词可以加,-s,或,-,构成所有格形式,todays newspaper fifteen minutes drive,（,2,）,of,所有格,主要用于表示无生命事物的所属关系。,eg: the name of the film,电影的名字,the cover of the book,书的封面,（,3,） 双重所有格,构成形式：名词,+of+,名词性物主代词,/,名词所有格,eg: a friend of hers,她的一个朋友,a friend of Mikes,迈克的一个朋友,名词在句中的作用,1.,作主语：,The,children,are playing games.,2.,作定语：,paper,tigers,3.,作及物动词和介词的宾语,She works hard at,Chinese,every day.,He studies,English,every day.,4.,作表语：,Tom is my good,friend,.,5.,作宾语补足语：,They made Tom their,monito,r.,6.,作同位语：,This is Mr. Smith, our,teacher,.,名词词义辨析,1. family, home,与,house,2. job,与,work,3. problem,与,question,4. room,与,place,5. message, news,与,information,6. voice, sound,与,noise,
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