Aspen高级班石油炼制过程的模拟解读课件

Here is the TitleEven Two Lines,First Level,Second level,Third level,Fourth level,Fifth level,*,Aspen Plus,高级班,石油炼制过程的模拟,2024/9/14,高级精馏在化工领域的应用,RADFRAC,单元操作模型的应用、收敛方法和参数的选取；,三相蒸馏、萃取蒸馏、共沸蒸馏和反应蒸馏等特殊蒸馏过程的模拟；,电解质过程的模拟等。,2024/9/14,石油炼制过程的模拟方法,以一套典型的常减压装置为主线，讲授下列,5,部分内容：,1),油品馏程分析数据的处理；,2),初馏塔的模拟计算；,3),常压塔的模拟计算；,4),减压塔的模拟计算；,5),计算原油中所含杂质硫在各种产品中的分布。,2024/9/14,掌握如下新的内容：,1),石油炼制过程蒸馏单元的模拟步骤；,2),流程模拟软件中石油馏份的特殊处理方法；,3),掌握,PETROFRAC,单元操作模型的使用；,4),产品中杂质分布的计算。,2024/9/14,复习,：,建立流程模拟模型的基本步骤,确定模拟范围，绘制模拟流程图；,将已知条件输入相应表格：,SETUP,COMPONENTS,PROPERTIES,STREAMS,BLOKS,。,运行模拟计算,检查结果,2024/9/14,油品分析和虚拟组分,目标,:,学习输入石油分析数据,创建调和组分,(,油品混合,),以及表征石油馏分,Aspen Plus,参考资料,:,User Guide, Chapter 6, Specifying Components,User Guide, Chapter 32, Petroleum Assays and,Pseudocomponents,本章概况,表征石油流体的挑战,油品馏程数据和性质数据的输入,蒸馏曲线的转换,生成虚拟组分,油品调和,用户自定义的虚拟组分,2024/9/14,石油的表征,石油是烃类化合物和杂质组成的宽沸程的混合物,.,石油或石油馏分的性质取决于它们的组成，但是其组成难以定量分析,石油用虚拟组分,(pseudocomponents),来表征,虚拟组分是蒸馏曲线上较小的片断,.,每一个虚拟组分的基本性质由下列关联式来计算,:,分子量,(MW),正常沸点,(TBP),重度或者,Watson UOP K,2024/9/14,Assays 和 Blends 组分,Assay Data,(TBP, D86),Pseudocomponents,Assay-1,Assay-2,Blend,Pseudocomponents,输入输出,2024/9/14,输入油品馏程分析数据,1.,在,Data Browser,下面,选择,Components,然后选,Assay-Blend.,2.,在,Assay-Blend,目标管理器下,创建一个,assay,并且提供一个名称,(ID).,3.,在,BasicDataDistCurve,表中，输入蒸馏曲线数据,.,4.,在,BasicDataDistCurve,表中，输入油品重度，或者在,BasicData Gravity/UOPK,表中，输入重度曲线或,UOPK,曲线数据,.,虚拟组分将在模拟计算之初自动生成,.,2024/9/14,ASSAY组分的表征,输入蒸馏曲线,蒸馏曲线分割为很多个片段,(TBP Cut points),每一个片段生成一个虚拟组分每一个虚拟组分的性质以下列参数的平均值为基础进行估算：,分子量,(MW),正常沸点,(NBP),密度或比重,(API or SG),虚拟组分的流率在流股结果表中报告,.,2024/9/14,Assay组分BasicData DistCurve 表,2024/9/14,重度的规定,油品整体重度,比重,API,重度,重度曲线,比重,API,重度,API=141.5/SG-131.5,Watson UOPK,曲线,NBP=(UOPK*SG)3,2024/9/14,Assay组分BasicData Gravity/UOPK 表,2024/9/14,蒸馏曲线,蒸馏曲线类型,:,ASTM D86, D1160, D2887,实沸点蒸馏曲线,(TBP) (,重量或体积基准,),真空蒸馏曲线,(,重量或体积基准,),每一个蒸馏曲线至少需要输入,4,个点,.,报告中的蒸馏曲线为,:,ASTM D86,ASTM D1160,Vacuum (liquid volume),2024/9/14,油品分析数据计算程序,Version 9,或更新的版本,Version 8,或更老的版本,蒸馏曲线转换方法,ASTM D86,至实沸点,(True boiling point),Edmister,Edmister-Okamota,PML,D2887,至,True boiling point,API87,API94,TBPWT,蒸馏曲线计算方法,2024/9/14,曲线处理选项,初馏点,(Initial boiling point),0.5% (,缺省,),终馏点,(Final boiling point),99% (default),外延方法,Probability (,缺省,),Quadratic,锯齿段拟合方法,Harwell (,缺省,),Hermite,曲线处理选项在,Components,PetroCharacterization,AnalysisOptions,AssayProcedure,表上,.,蒸馏曲线计算方法,(,续,),2024/9/14,虚拟组分从油品分析数据生成,.,你可以规定切割温度或切割片段,(,窄馏份,),的宽度,.,ComponentsPetroCharacterizationGenerationCuts,表上，规定切割温度等,.,缺省值是,40,个切割点,:,TBP Range,(F),100 - 800,No. of Cuts,Increments,(F),800 - 1200,1200 - 1600,28,8,4,25,50,100,切割温度,2024/9/14,蒸馏曲线的切割,2024/9/14,虚拟组分性质,用,Watson/UOP “K”,和,API,关联式估算：,典型地,10 UOPK 13,此处,10.0,表示芳烃含量很高,13.0,表示烷烃含量很高,2024/9/14,所生成虚拟组分的命名,ComponentsPetro CharacterizationGeneration,规定命名选项,自动生成的名称可以是,:,实际计算出来的,NBP (,如,: PC864F),沸程下限温度,(,如,: PC800F),沸程上限温度,(,如,: PC900F),用户选择的顺序号,(,如,: PC1, PC2 ),用户定义的名称,2024/9/14,附加的ASSAY组分数据,可选的性质曲线,:,轻端组分分析,(light-ends matching),比重或者,API,重度曲线,Watson UOPK,曲线,分子量曲线,性质曲线,(,多于,30,种性质,),绝对,&,动力粘度曲线,如果输入油品整体性质，单独的曲线数值被归一到整体性质,.,可以应用用户性质曲线,2024/9/14,Assays组分的用户性质曲线,在表格PropertiesAdvancedUser Properties 上，建立用户性质曲线.,在表格中激活 Assay Curve properties 选项,在 表格ComponentAssay/BlendProperty Curve上，输入用户性质曲线的数据。,对于高度非线性调和现象，如马达法辛烷值，建议使用用户调和子程序。,2024/9/14,性质曲线的流股计算,性质曲线被切割为与虚拟组分同样多的片段。,为每一个片段计算出平均的性质数值,流股的性质数值由虚拟组分以及它们在流股中的浓度做调和计算得出,计算虚拟组分混合物的性质，有各种调和计算选项。,2024/9/14,石油性质的调和,石油性质调和方法,:,标准体积,(StdVol),摩尔,(Mole),质量,(Mass),用户,(User),用于性质计算的用户调和子程序：,用户子程序名称为,BLDPPU.,“,调和选项”可以规定,.,性质可以外延与否,.,在,Components,Petro CharacterizationAnalysis OptionsBlend Options ,上，调和规则可以修改。,2024/9/14,Assay(石油)数据库,软件内置的,Assay,数据库，包含,194,种石油的分析数据,其中有,:-,来自,Phillips,石油数据库的,10,种石油,-,来自文献的,184,种石油,在,Component SpecificationsPetroleum,表，查找,Assay,库文件。,和,Phillips Petroleum,石油分析数据库的接口，其中收集了超过,250,种石油的数据,*,需要与,Phillips Petroleum,签订,License,协议。,2024/9/14,Assay(石油)数据库,每一种石油至少提供如下信息,:,馏程分析,重度 和,/,或 重度曲线,某些石油有附加的性质曲线,:,苯胺点,闪点,凝固点,硫含量,金属含量,硫醇,研究法,/,马达法 辛烷值,烷烃,环烷烃,芳烃,雷诺蒸汽压,2024/9/14,访问Assay数据库,2024/9/14,创建Blends组分,通过规定,blend,中每个,assay,的百分数，由,assay,创建,blend.,调和可以是,Mole, Mass,或,StdVol,基准,.,要创建一个,blend,，至少规定,2,个,assay,组分,.,一个,blend,中的,assay,的数量没有上限,.,报告中的蒸馏曲线为,:,ASTM D86,ASTM D1160,Vacuum (liquid volume),2024/9/14,输入 Blend组分,1.,在数据浏览器,Data Browser,选择组分,Components,然后选择,Assay-Blend.,2.In the Assay-Blend,目标管理器,创建一个,blend,并且提供名称,(ID ).,3.,在,Mixture Specifications,表上，输入各,assay,组分的调和分数,.,虚拟组分将在模拟计算之初自动生成,.,2024/9/14,Blend组分之 MixtureSpecifications表,2024/9/14,Assay/Blend 结果,Assay/blend 的计算结果 可以在表格 ComponentsAssay-Blend Results查看.,每一个assay 或 blend 组分有自己单独的结果表格(results form).,2024/9/14,GenerationCuts 表格,2024/9/14,虚拟组分的生成,缺省情况,一套完整的虚拟组分由输入的所有,assay,组分生成,.,在表格,ComponentsPetro Characterization Generation Specifications,上，用户可以规定生成虚拟组分时，包括,/,不包括特别的,assay.,只有在表格,GenerationSpecifications,上选出的,assays,和,blends,，才用于生成虚拟组分。,在表格,GenerationSpecifications,上未选用的,Assays or blends,，将不被使用， 它们的,IDs,不在 流股输入表格上显示,.,2024/9/14,虚拟组分命名,虚拟组分的命名约定,计算出的沸点,(,例如：,PC125, PC136, ),规定起始编号,切割温度上限,(,例如：将,225-250F,窄馏份命名为,PC250),切割温度下限,(,例如：将,225-250F,窄馏份命名为,PC225),用户定义的名称列表,在表格,Components,Petro CharacterizationGenerationNaming Options,上，规定命名约定,.,如果你要将,Aspen Plus,生成的虚拟组分与反应器或者分离模块关联，应使用用户定义的名称列表。,2024/9/14,GenerationNamingOptions表格,2024/9/14,1.,在表格,ComponentsSpecificationsSelection,上，,输入组分,IDs,并且选择,Pseudocomponent,类型。,2.,在表格,ComponentsPseudocomponentsSpecifications,上,至少提供下列参数中的两个：,正常沸点,NBP,重度,Gravity (Specific gravity, API gravity, or Liquid density),分子量,Molecular weight,Aspen Plus,可以估算第,3,性质,.,3.,可选地,输入与温度相关的性质数据,:,液相粘度,Liquid viscosity,水溶解度,Water solubility,饱和蒸汽压,Vapor pressure,定义用户虚拟组分,2024/9/14,虚拟组分规定表格,2024/9/14,虚拟组分物性方法,方法名称,描述,API-METH,COAL-LIQ,LK,API-TWU,API procedure,Correlations for coal-liquid fractions,Lee Kesler correlations,API procedure with Twu correlations,for critical properties,ASPEN (default),API procedure with Aspen modifications,注意,:,不要将虚拟组分物性方法与流程模拟物性方法混淆，,前者只是用于虚拟组分石油性质参数的计算。,2024/9/14,虚拟组分计算结果,生成的虚拟组分在表格,Components Petro CharacterizationResults,上浏览检查。,2024/9/14,表格Analysis OptionsAssay Procedure,2024/9/14,石油性质模型,基本的虚拟组分性质模型,分子量,Molecular Weight,临界温度,Critical Temperature,临界压力,Critical Pressure,临界体积,Critical Volume,偏心因子,Accentric Factor,饱和蒸汽压,Vapor Pressure,液相摩尔体积,Liquid Molar Volume,水溶解度,Water Solubility,粘度,Viscosity,基本的虚拟组分性质模型可以在表格,ComponentsPetro CharacterizationProperties MethodsBasic,上修改。,2024/9/14,石油性质模型,(,续,),虚拟组分热力学性质模型,理想气体热容,Ideal Gas Heat Capacity,汽化焓,Enthalpy of Vaporization,标准生成焓,Standard Enthalpy of Formation,标准生成自由能,Standard Free Energy of Formation,基本的虚拟组分性质模型可以在表格,Components,Petro,Characterization Properties MethodsThermodynamic,上修改,.,2024/9/14,石油性质模型,(,续,),虚拟组分状态方程,(EOS),性质模型,RKS Interaction Parameters,BWR Orientation Parameter,BWR Critical Temperature,BWR Critical Volume,基本的虚拟组分性质模型可以在表格,ComponentsPetro Characterization Properties MethodsEOS,上修改,.,2024/9/14,石油交互作用参数,虚拟组分与下列常规组分的交互作用参数,K,ij,s :,H2S,N2,CO2,CO,H2,CH4,2024/9/14,物性方法的修改,用户可以建立自己的虚拟组分石油性质方法.,各种性质的计算模型可以改变.,大多数虚拟组分性质可以应用子程序.,在线帮助中有每一种性质方法的简要说明,2024/9/14,流程模拟计算,在流程模拟计算期间,不区分虚拟组分和真实组分,.,产品流股中的虚拟组分调和在一起，并且生成蒸馏曲线,产品终馏点,(,即,D86 95% point),或者初馏点,(D86 5% point),可以规定为单元操作的性能指标：,塔内部的设计规定,用于其它单元操作的外部设计规定,2024/9/14,检查蒸馏塔各产品之间的分离效果(重叠度),2024/9/14,Petroleum Properties and Property Sets,Objective:,Become familiar with petroleum properties and learn the use of stream analysis,Aspen Plus,References:,User Guide, Chapter 32, Petroleum Assays and,Pseudocomponents,Petroleum Properties,Reid vapor pressure,API and specific gravity,Watson UOP K factor,Aniline point,Pour point,Flash point,Cetane number,Carbon to hydrogen ratio,Gross heating value,2024/9/14,Petroleum Properties,(Continued),Mean and volume average boiling point,Hydrate formation pressure and temperature,Refractive index,Liquid viscosity index,D86 temperatures at (0, 5, 10, 95%),D1160 temperatures at (0, 5, 10, 95%),D2887 temperatures at (0, 5, 10, 95%),TBP temperatures,Vacuum temperatures,2024/9/14,Petroleum Properties,(Continued),Properties (curves) from Assay Analysis,Points,Aniline, cloud, flash, freeze, smoke,Contents,Aromatic, olefin, paraffin, naphthalene, mercaptan,C, H, O, N,Impurities: S, V, Fe, Ni,Indices:,Antiknock, vapor knock, refractive, warm-up,Numbers:,Motor and research octane,Luminometer,Viscosity,Generally input curves for assays to generate these curves for product streams is needed.,2024/9/14,Distillation Curves,Volume and weight basis,ASTM D86,ASTM D1160,ASTM D2887 (weight percent only),Vacuum,TBP,API Gravity,Gravity,MW,2024/9/14,Property Sets,A property set (Prop-Set) is a way of accessing a collection, or set, of properties as an object with a user-given name. Only the name of the property set is referenced when using the properties in an application.,Use property sets to report thermodynamic, transport, and other property values.,Current property set applications include:,Design specifications, Fortran blocks, sensitivity,Stream reports,Physical property tables (Property Analysis),Tray properties (RadFrac, PetroFrac, etc.),Heating/cooling curves (Flash2, MHeatX, etc.),2024/9/14,Properties included in Prop-Sets,Properties commonly included in property sets include:,API- API gravity,SGSTD - Standard specific gravity (60 F, 1 atm),REIDVP- Reid vapor pressure,D86T - D86 temperature,MUMX - Viscosity,Available properties include:,Thermodynamic properties of components in a mixture,Pure component thermodynamic properties,Transport properties,Electrolyte properties,Petroleum-related properties,Reference: Aspen Plus Physical Property Data Reference Manual, Chapter 4, Property Sets,has a complete list of properties that can be included in a property set.,2024/9/14,Defining Property Sets,Specifications for a property set include:,Property name and units,Temperature and pressure at which to calculate,Include or exclude water,phase qualifier (V, L, L1, L2, T, S),2024/9/14,Specifying Property Sets,Use the Properties Prop-Sets,form,to specify properties in a property set.,The Search button can be used to search for a property.,All specified qualifiers apply to each property specified, where applicable.,Users can define new properties on the Properties Advanced User-Properties,form by providing a Fortran subroutine.,2024/9/14,Predefined Property Sets,Some simulation Templates contain predefined property sets.,The following table lists predefined property sets and the types of properties they contain for the,General,Template:,2024/9/14,Predefined Petroleum Prop-Sets,(Continued),Predefined Prop-Sets with the Petroleum Application template:,PREDEFINED,PROPERTY SET,TYPES OF PROPERTIES,CUTS - E Volumetric flow rate of petroleum cuts at 100F intervals,D86 - 5 ASTM D86 temperature at 5% liquid volume distilled,D86 - 95 ASTM D86 temperature at 95% liquid volume distilled,GAS - PROPS Compressibility, volumetric flow rate, heat capacity ratio,KINVISC Liquid kinematic viscosity at 100F and 212F,LIGHT Petroleum characteristics for light distillates,MIDDLE Petroleum characteristics for middle distillates,PETRO Volumetric flowrate, gravity, Watson K, distillation curves,TBP-5 True boiling point temp. at 5% liquid volume distilled,TBP-95 True boiling point temp. at 95% liquid volume distilled,2024/9/14,Petroleum Prop-Sets,Most petroleum properties are calculated from input property curves.,Some petroleum properties are calculated from correlations (FLSH-API, POUR-API),Properties are accessed and used in exactly the same way as other prop-set properties,2024/9/14,Stream Results Options,On the Setup Report Options Stream sheet, use:,Flow Basis,and,Fraction Basis,check-boxes to specify how stream composition is reported,Property Sets,button to specify names of property sets containing additional properties to be reported for each stream,2024/9/14,Prop-sets Discussion,1. Give two reasons that a property set is needed.,2. How do you define a property set?,3. A user defined a prop-set for viscosity and then ran the simulation. After the simulation was complete, he opened the stream results. To his surprise, he did not see viscosity. What happened?,2024/9/14,PetroFrac,Objective:,Introduce the features of the PetroFrac model and its use in simulating a crude tower,Aspen Plus,References:,Unit Operation Models Reference Manual,Chapter 4, Columns,Characteristics of Refining Process,Wide boiling range fluids,Large temperature gradients along column,Most fluid compositions are unknown but their distillation analysis is known,Three phase with free water,Side strippers and pumparounds,Petroleum specific physical properties,High degree of heat integration,Metal and sulfur contents,2024/9/14,Petroleum Refining Applications,PetroFrac is a distillation model specifically designed for petroleum refining applications:,preflash tower,crude unit,vacuum unit,vacuum lube fractionator,FCC main fractionator,delayed coker main fractionator,quench tower/primary fractionator,2024/9/14,PetroFrac Features,Integration of furnace, column, side stripper and pumparound,ADA/PCS for assay input, crude blend and breakdown,Conversion between different ASTM curves,User specification of cuts,Petroleum oriented specifications,Tray and packing sizing and rating,Other features,Initialization and convergence,2024/9/14,Example Crude Tower,GAS,DECANT,WATER,NAPHTHA,JET FUEL,KEROSENE,DIESEL,GAS OIL,RESID,CRUDE,FEED,STEAM,2024/9/14,PetroFrac - Connectivity,Vapor Distillate,Bottoms,Feeds,Feeds,Overflash,Pumparound,Pumparound,Stripper Bottoms,Liq Return,Side Products,Overhead,Liquid Distillate,Water Distillate,Feed,Heat,Bottom Stage or,Reboiler Heat Duty,Top Stage or,Cond. Heat Duty,Heat or,Reboiler,Heat Duty,Steam Feed,2024/9/14,PetroFrac - Flowsheet Connectivity,Any number of pumparounds and side strippers,Steam or reboiler strippers,Stripper hot liquid return,Multiple feeds to strippers,Total pumparound and product drawoffs,Interstage water decanters,Heat streams for pumparound coolers,Pseudostreams,2024/9/14,PetroFrac - Model Specifications,Setup form (required)Number of stagesCondenser and ReboilerDistillate rate, Bottoms rate, Condenser duty, Reboiler duty, or Reflux Ratio,Feed/Product (required)Feed convention: furnace, on-stage, above-stage,Pres-Profile (required),Pumparounds,Strippers,2024/9/14,PetroFrac - Pumparound Specifications,Draw and return stage locations (required),For total drawoffs, specify one of the following:,return temperature,temperature change (negative if cooled),duty (negative if cooled),For partial drawoffs, specify liquid flow rate and one of the above.,2024/9/14,PetroFrac - Side Stripper Specifications,Stage Number,For each stripper, the trays are numbered from top to bottom starting with stage 1.,Steam Stripper,Specifying a steam-to-product ratio will override the steam flow rate.,Reboiler Stripper,Specify a reboiler duty.,2024/9/14,PetroFrac - Side Stripper,Conventions,Liquid draw always goes to the stripper top stage.Vapor always returns to the main column,Other Specifications,A fraction of the stripper bottoms can be returned to the main column,Multiple drawoffs from different stages as feeds to the same stripper are allowed,2024/9/14,PetroFrac - Other Specifications,Steam to product flow ratio (mass),Feed overflash,Furnace outlet temperature,Liquid runback from a stage,ASTM temps and gaps,Petroleum properties (RVP, flash point, pour point, etc),Murphree efficiency,Multiple property option specifications,Free water calcs in the condenser or on all trays,Blocks PetroFrac Properties form to specify internal stages checked for free water - condenser is checked automatically,Tray/packing,2024/9/14,PetroFrac - Design Specifications,Meet product property by varying:,stripping steam flow rate/reboiler duty,product flow rate,pumparound flow rate or return temperature,furnace temperature,Meet a particular stage temperature by varying:,furnace outlet temperature,pumparound flow rate or return temperature,Meet product flow rate by varying:,furnace outlet temperature,2024/9/14,PetroFrac - Definitions,Runback,Liquid flow rate from a stage to a lower stage, equivalent to stage liquid flow rate less side draws,The Runback form is used to specify the runback from a stage. The manipulated variable is the pumparound duty or flow rate,Liquid Flow,In PetroFrac, stage liquid flow reported in the tray profile is the sum of runback, side draw, and pumparound.,In RadFrac, stage liquid flow excludes any side product draw and pumparound.,2024/9/14,Outside Loop,Physical Properties (a,i, K,B, H,V, H,L,),Inside Loop,cm,i,= cm,i,out,y,i,= K,i,x,i,S,x,i,= 1.0,S,y,i,= 1.0,S,H,i,in =,S,H,i,out,l, v, x, y,L =,S,l,i, V =,S,v,i,T,Inside loop solved by,Newton method with,or without log-leg,PetroFrac - Convergence,Sum-Rates variant of the inside-out algorithm,2024/9/14,PetroFrac - Convergence,Algorithm: sum-rates variant of the inside-out,Initialization: designed for refining application,To enhance convergence:,provide column/stripper temperature estimates,vary convergence damping factors to enhance stability,change design specifications,2024/9/14,PetroFrac - Summary,1.PetroFrac combines Furnace, Column, Pumparound, and Sidestripper into one model which makes the simulation easy to setup and converge.,2.Feed characteristics can be user input or from the assay library.,3.Multiple feeds can be blended to create a feed mixture.,4.Additional properties of a particular product can be reported by adding property sets.,5.Runback from a stage is the liquid flow rate leaving the stage and entering the stage below. Runback and liquid flow can be different.,6.Most crude towers do not have a reboiler at the bottom. Either the bottom steam rate or the furnace duty is varied to meet the energy requirement (energy balance).,2024/9/14,PetroFrac - Discussion,1.RadFrac and MultiFrac can also be used to simulate the crude tower. Why choose PetroFrac?,2. If you have the characteristics of all the products, but not the crude, how do you run the simulation?,3. Can you change the number of cuts for pseudocomponents? Under what conditions should you increase or decrease the number of pseudo components?,4. How do you control the property of a side draw?,5. Are you confident that you can build your own model from this workshop?,6. Is there any function that you dont know or see in Aspen Plus?,2024/9/14,Pseudo streams in PetroFrac,What is a pseudo stream?,Why are pseudo streams useful?,How are they created?,2024/9/14,Pseudo Stream,An imaginary stream that references a column internal fluid,The pseudo stream includes:,Temperature,Pressure,Composition,Flowrate,Pseudo stream values do not affect the calculations or mass balance inside the source column,Pseudo streams may be fed to another unit operation, or become a terminating product stream,2024/9/14,Uses for Pseudo Streams,Access quality and condition of any column internal fluid (these normally dont show up in any other report),Tray fluids,Stripper fluids,Pumparound fluids,Model column internal equipment by connecting pseudo streams to:,Pumparound heat exchangers,Overhead condensers,2024/9/14,Locating the Pseudo Stream Port,2024/9/14,Creating a Pseudo Stream,1. Connect a material stream to the columns pseudo stream connection port.,2. Optional:,Connect the material stream to another unit op