HowtoConductDecentResearchWork

Click to edit Master title style,Click to edit Master text styles,Second level,Third level,Fourth level,Fifth level,*,两脚踏东西文化 一心评宇宙文章,How to Conduct Decent Research Work,Feng Zheng, Ph.D.,Materials Chemistry,Central South University,1,Aims,Provide a simple but formal introduction to young researchers the,basic strategy,employed by peer-reviewed scientists around the world,Personal,experience,home and abroad,Suggestions,for future work,Editorial,work,Itches,of translation/interpretation,2,Identify a Project,Literature search (up to now),Introduction (,why, what, how, what,),Why,is/are this/these important,What,has/have been done,How,did they do,What,was/were left (for you) and,What,do you want to do,Theoretical work?,Experimental work?,3,Title,Proper words for your title,好的开头是成功的一半,A good beginning is half done.,Be caution when using,on, investigation, research and study,for title,4,Theory & Experiment Set-up,What,do you want to do,Improve or against existing theory?,Provide more data?,Propose novel ideas?,How,to achieve your goals,Better or reliable theoretical analysis,Better or new experimental results,Raw materials,Equipments,Experiment procedure,5,Results,New theoretical analysis (,not ease,),For most engineering work we need:,Chemical composition,Structure,Mechanical properties,Physical properties,Etc.,In proper order,6,Analysis or Discussion,How,to describe your results,How to,make comparison with literature,Why,are your work important,What are,your contribution,to science or engineering,What,are your conclusions,7,Conclusions,What,are your conclusions,Theoretical analysis,Experimental results,Work ongoing or suggestions,8,Abstract,What,has/have been done,Most,important,results,Tune,of past was/were, has/have been,9,Acknowledgements,Financial support,Help for discussion and theoretical analysis,Help of technicians,10,Literature Citation,History,of this work,Make yours part of the,history,Later work has to cite your paper (,important,),Style,according to instruction for authors of chosen journal,11,Check list,Title (,eye-catching,),Authors (,team work*,),Abstract (,concise,),Introduction (,story-telling,),Experimental procedure (book-keeping),Results (book-keeping),Discussion (,elegance, cross-reference,),Conclusion (,solid,),Acknowledgements (,polite,),Literature citation (,honest,),12,Text Layout,Keep it,consistent,throughout the manuscript. Double line spacing and 12 font is preferred: make it convenient for reviewers to make annotations.,Number,the pages.,Number the lines if the journal requires to do so.,13,Length of Full Article,“,25- 30 pages,is the ideal length for a submitted manuscript, including,essential,data only.”, Julian Eastoe, Co-editor,Journal of Colloid and Interface Science,Title page,Abstract 1 paragraph,Introduction 1.5-2 manuscript pages (double-spaced, 12pt),Methods 2-4 manuscript pages,Results and Discussion 10-12 manuscript pages,Conclusions 1-2 manuscript pages,Figures 6-8,Tables 1-3,References 20-50 items,Letters or short communications have a stricter limitation of the length. For example, 3000 words with no more than 5 illustrations.,14,Submission,Where,to publish your work,Impact factor,Scientific Community (bulletin, transactions and journals of well-established international or national society),Electrical submission,Cover letter,Corresponding author,15,Communication to Editors,Acknowledge editorial work,Address exactly the questions raised by reviewers,Rebuttal with sound evidences,16,What Gets You,Accept,ed?,A,ttention to details,C,heck and double check your work,C,onsider the reviews,E,nglish must be as good as possible,P,resentation is important,T,ake your time with revision,A,cknowledge those who have helped you,N,ew, original and previously unpublished,C,ritically evaluate your own manuscript,E,thical rules must be obeyed, Nigel John Cook, Editor-in-Chief,Ore Geology Reviews,17,Suggestions for Students,Lab records,(experiment results),Literature reviewing,(introduction & discussion),Talk to supervisor,(bring copied articles & data),Discussion,with other faculty/fellow students,Write,down anything of interest,Try to do one paper in one month!,This can be done and we have done and can do that in a regular base (once for each student).,Everything should be made as simple as possible, but not simpler,. Albert Einstein,18,Samuel Johnson (1709-1784),Your manuscript is both good and original, but the part that is good is not original and the part that is original is not good.,What is written without,effort,is in general read without pleasure.,Knowledge,is of two kinds. We know a subject ourselves, or we know where we can find information on it.,Curiosity,is one of the permanent and certain characteristics of a vigorous mind.,Great English author, critic, wrote Dictionary of the English Language 1747-1755, novel Rasselas 1759, 10-volume Lives of the Poets 1779-1781. Next only to William Shakespeare.,19,Good References,Chicago Guides to Writing, Editing, and Publishing,The Chicago Manual of Style, 15th Edition: CD-ROM for Windows (CD-ROM),June 15, 2007 (Note 1st Edition in 1906),A Manual for Writers of Research Papers, Theses, and Dissertations, 7th Edition: Chicago Style for Students and Researchers,April 15, 2007,The Craft of Research, 2nd edition,March 2003,All by University of Chicago Press,20,Itches of Translation/Interpretation,Idiom, phrase, proverb, saying, slag etc.,信,-,Meaningful,达,-,Loyalty,雅,-,Elegance,不懂外语的,林纾,(,琴南,),，,巴黎茶花女遗事,和,撒克逊劫后英雄略,译笔流畅，对中国文学界影响很大。,向西方介绍中国文化的,林语堂, ,吾国与吾民,于,1935,年在纽约出版和立即成为畅销书,被赛珍珠认为是“历来有关中国的著作中最忠实、最巨丽、最完备、最重要的成绩” 。,两脚踏东西文化,一心评宇宙文章,。,译,毛选、诗、词,的人中之龙,钱钟书, ,管锥编,凭记忆默写征引西方千余学者多种语言著作,1780,多种。,21,翻译,-,编辑之痒与痛,春风得意马蹄疾,Happy horse runs fast in Spring (?),师范大学,Normal university (?),名利双收,To have wild dreams of glory (,围城英译,),To have wild dreams of gaining both fame and wealth?,一年之计在于春,一日之计在于晨,One hour in the morning is worth two in the evening (?),Early bird catches the worm,22,Plagiarism and Data Fabrication,“,Plagiarism is the appropriation of another persons ideas, processes, results, or words without giving appropriate credit, including those obtained through confidential review of others research proposals and manuscripts.”,the Federal Office of Science and Technology Policy, 1999.,剽窃他人和剽窃自己以及数据造假都不行,!,Automatic text check system underway,23,熟能生巧,Every dog has his/her own days (,人不可貌相,人生终有得意时,),Loss face (,丢脸,),Dare to loss (ones) face (,不怕丢脸,),Practice makes perfect (,熟能生巧,),Kills two birds with one stone,一箭双雕,围魏救赵,名利双收,Funny little words:,at, in, of, on, up, the,etc.,24,班门弄斧,-,不自量力,关公面前耍大刀,孔夫子面前卖文章,当自己是个人物,Wave axe in front of Master LuBan (?),Pretend to be James Bond (?),To be someone,To teach a fish how to swim,谢 谢 大 家,!,25,Personal Experience,Cu out diffusion in Si wafer (UW),F. Zheng,and T.G. Stoebe, Low Temperature Out-Diffusion of Cu from Silicon,Journal of Electrochemical Society 146,(1999) 1238-1240.,Nanosized ZnO (CSU),Y. Chen, R.Z. Yu, Q. Shi, J.L. Qin,F. Zheng,，,Hydrothermal Synthesis of hexagonal ZnO clusters,，,Materials Letter,61,(2007) 4438-4441.,High temperature electrode reactions (CSU),F.,Zheng,Y,.,Chen, High temperature electrode reactions of Sr and Mg doped LaGaO3 perovskite,J Mater Sci.,43,(2008)2058-2065. DOI 10.1007/s10853-007-2423-y,B-C-Si-Zr ultra high temperature ceramics (CSU),H.M. Chen,F. Zheng, Z.P. Jin, Thermodynamic Assessment of B-Zr and Si-Zr Binary Systems, Journal of Alloys and Compounds, accepted,Accepted with no change,26,Jokes,Around 2000,MIT students,set-up a computer program to automatically generate several artificial research papers and submitted them to both conference and journal editors and those papers went through strict peer-review process and got published with no doubt at all!,Some,Science,and,Nature,papers are forged,“Half”,Science,and,Nature,papers could not be confirmed later (1 year),27,Metallurgy,&,Ceramic,Fuel Cells,中南矿冶学院材料系压加,792,班,(19791983),Metallurgy (1983-94, China & UK),Metallurgist,by trade (BS, 1983),Taught & worked on,Metallurgy,(19831992),Metallurgist,at,Sheffield, UK,(19921994),Fuel Cells (1994-2003, USA),AWU Fellow,PNNL (19941999,SOFC,),LSM cathode, WSU, Master, 1996,LSGM electrolyte, UW, Ph.D., 2000,Director of R&D, NEI (0001,PEM,/,SOFC,),Chief scientist, Hydrovolt (0102,SOFC,),Visiting scientist, LBNL (0203,SOFC,),中南大学材料学院教授,(2003),28,Materials Science Lecture,Physics,Chemistry,Engineering,Mathematics,MSE,MSE,Composition,Structure,Processing,Properties-Performance,谢 谢 大 家,!,29,