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单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,Good afternoon!,非谓语动词,非谓语动词的考点,一,.,总述,四,.,动名词的用法,二,.,分类,五,.,分词的用法,三,.,不定式的用法,动词,谓语动词,非,谓语动词,还记得,动词第一讲时：,我们将动词按形式,划分为两类,谓语动词就是,能,在句子中作谓语的动词（独立做谓语，或者构成复合谓语皆可）,谓语动词就是,不能,在句子中作谓语的动词,非谓语动词,动词不定式,动名词,现在分词,分词,过去分词,非谓语动词的特点：,1.,由动词构成,2.,在句子中不做谓语,废,话,基本形式：,to+,动词原形,（,有时可以不带,to,）,。,动词不定式没有人称和数的变化,在句子中不能作谓语,但可以担任除谓语外的任何成分,主语、表语、宾语、状语和宾语补足语。,动词不定式,It is + adj.+ of sb.+ to do sth.,与 of 连用的形容词常常用来,形容“人”：,good, kind , nice , wise ,clever , foolish , right , wrong , careful , careless , polite , possible,Its very kind of you to help me.,你能帮我，真好。,Its clever of you to work out the maths problem.,你真聪明，解出了这道数学题。,It is + adj.+ for sb.+ to do sth.,与 for 连用的形容词常常用来,形容“物”：,difficult,，,easy,，,hard,，,important,，,dangerous,，（,im,）,possible,等。,Its very dangerous for children to cross the busy street.,对孩子们来说，穿过繁忙的街道很危险。,Its difficult for us to finish the work.,对我们来说，完成这项工作很困难。,常考点注意：,动词不定式,的句法功能,二：作表语,动词不定式（短语）常用于,系动词,be,的后面作表语。,His work is,to drive a car.,My job is,to feed animals.,动词不定式,的句法功能,三：作宾语,动词不定式（短语）可以放在一些动词后面作宾语。,这些动词很关键！,在一些动词的后面，,只允许接不定式作宾语：,后面只能接不定式作宾语的动词有：,三个,希望,两,答应,hope,，,wish,，,want,，,agree,，,promise,两个,要求,莫,拒绝,ask,，,demand,，,refuse,设法学会做决定,manage,，,learn,，,decide,不要,假装,在,选择,pretend,，,choose,提供帮助,的,计划,offer,，,help,，,plan,预期失败,要,发生,expect,，,fail,，,happen,看似,都接不定式,seem,四：不定式作宾语补足语,1,）不可省略,to,的：,2,）可省略,to,的：,3,）可以省可以不省的：,（1）,动词后的宾补，,不可以,省略不定式符号,to,的：,tell / ask / want / would like / wish / like / invite / encourage / teach +,sb.,to do sth.,I want,you,to go now,.,His parents wish,her,to be a teacher,.,（,2,） 动词后的宾补，需,要省略,不定式符号,to,的动词：,一感,feel,二听,hear,，,listen to,三使,make,，,let,，,have,The boy made the baby cry.,四看,notice,，,observe,，,see,，,watch I saw him play football on the playground yesterday.,#,注意：变为被动语态时，不定式短语从宾语补足语变为主语补足语，,to,还要重现到动词原形前。,例：,The boy made the baby cry. (,主动语态省略,to),The baby was made to cry by the boy. (,被动语态：宾补变主补，,to,要加回来,),特殊短语：,would rather,+ do,had better,+ do,（,3 ） .,作宾补时，省略不定式符号,to,或不省略均可的动词,：,help sb. to do sth. & help sb. do sth.,例：,I often help my mother (to) do housework.,the food to live _,the bus to come here _,the pen to write _,the room to live _,the knife to cut _,the person to write _,on,on,with,in,with,about,五：不定式作定语,不定式作定语的基本条件,不定式与它所修饰的名词在逻,辑上必须具备以下条件之一：,1.,主谓关系,2.,动（介）宾关系,3.,说明所,修饰词,的内容,多为抽象名词或序数词,分析下列句子,He has a lot of work,to do,.,He is the right person,to do it,.,Its the best way,to learn English,.,主谓,动宾,说明内容,表原因（原因状语）：,Im sorry,to trouble you,.,2.,表目的（目的状语）：,I went to the library,to learn English,.,五：不定式作状语,动词不定式,表将来,表目的,表某一次具体的动作,表示将来：,I have a lot of work,to do.,2.,表示某一次具体的动作：,I like dancing, but I dont like,to dance,today.,3.,表示目的：,To learn,English well, you must,practise,more.,先看几个例句，判断不定式在句中的成分。,1,To learn a foreign language is difficult .2,His wish is to be a driver .3,Tom wanted to have a cup of beer .4,The teacher told us to do morning exercises .5,I have nothing to say .6,They went to see their aunt .7,Its easy to see their aunt.8,I dont know what to do next .9I heard them make a noise .,1 “to” 是不定式符号还是介词，下列短语中的to 都是介词。,agree to，object to，close to , come to , lead to , refer to ,equal to , familiar to , point to , thank to , devote to , next to , belong to ,be(get) used to,习惯于,look forward to,渴望,pay attention to,注意,get down to,开始认真,(,做某事,),devote oneself to,献身于,2 带to 还是不带to,I have no choice but,to,give in.I cannot do anything but give in.I saw him enter the classroom .,（ 但是：,He was seen to enter the classroom .,）,不定式的,常考点：,3,、不定式的否定形式：,not to do sth.,例如：,Tell him _ the window.,A. to shut not,B. not to shut,C. to not shut,D. not shut,答案：,B. tell sb to do sth,的否定形式为,tell sb not to do sth.,4,、动词不定式与疑问词连用：,疑问代词,who, what, which,和,疑问副词,when, where, how , why,等后面可以按动词不定式，构成动词不定式短语，可以在句子中作主语、宾语、表语等成分。,例如：,(1) He doesnt know how to use the machine. (,不定式作宾语,),(2) How to use the machine is a question. (,不定式作主语,),(3) The question is when to go there. (,不定式作表语,),不定式的,常考点：,5,、,不定式的特殊句型：,1,）,tooto,：,太,而不能,He is too excited to speak.,2,）,enough to do,：,足以做,The child is old enough to go to school.,3,）,Why not +,动词原形,表达向某人提出建议，翻译为：,为什么不,?,Why not take a holiday?,4,）,so as (not) to do,:,表示目的,Go in quietly so as not to wake the baby.,不定式的,常考点：,动名词,动词的,-ing,形式用作动名词：,由动词原形加,-ing,构成,它在句中起名词的作用,可以在句子中用作主语、表语、宾语、宾语补语、状语和定语。,动 名 词,动名词的特点：,抽象, 习惯性,His hobby is,painting,.,Im proud of,being,a Chinese.,习惯,抽象,Learning English,is very difficult .学英语非常困难。,His job is,driving a bus,.他的工作是开车。,I enjoy,dancing,.我喜欢跳舞。,I have got used to,living,in the country .我已经习惯了住农村。,Take some,sleeping,tablets , and you will soon fall asleep .吃点安眠药,，你很快就会入睡。,主 动,被 动,一般式,doing,being done,完成式,having done,having been done,语态,时态,动名词的时态和语态,1,）动名词作主语,Walking,is good exercise.,走路是很好的运动。,2,）动名词作表语,My favorite sport is,swimming,.,我最喜欢的运动是游泳。,动名词,的句法功能（,4,点）,3,）动名词作宾语,Jim dislikes,eating,chocolate.,吉姆不喜欢吃巧克力。,She cant help,crying,at a sad movie.,她看了忧伤的电影禁不住要哭。,说明,有些动词和动词短语后只能接动名词作宾语。,例如：,admit, finish, forgive, give up, mind, practise, be good at, do well in, cant help, keep on, feel like, be used to, look forward to, prefer to,等。,动名词,的句法功能,有些动词只能接,动名词,作宾语,（动宾）,如,:,appreciate, avoid, consider (,考虑,), enjoy, finish, imagine, keep, mind, miss, practice, suggest (,建议,),还有些短语动词以一介词结尾,也只能接,动名词,作宾语,(,尤其是介词,to,易出错,):,（介宾）,如,:,depend on, insist on, feel like, be used to (,习惯于,), look forward to, devote to, pay attention to.,动名词,的句法功能,有些动词只能接动名词作宾语,( 31个)：,放弃享受可原谅,give up,，,enjoy,，,excuse/ pardon / forgive,保持练习必完成,keep,，,practice,，,finish,鼓励建议要考虑,encourage,，,advise/ suggest,，,consider,承认想象的感觉,admit,，,imagine,，,feel,错过后悔要介意,miss,，,regret,，,mind,不由自主去承受,cant help,，,stand,理解冒险可避免,understand,，,risk,，,avoid,开始着手要注意,get down to,，,pay attention to,逃跑还要习惯于,escape,，,be (get) used to,还有：,be good at,擅长,do well in,在,某方面干得好,keep on,继续做某事,feel like,想做,(,某事,),look forward to,盼望，期待，预期,4,）动名词作定语,She is in the,reading,room. (,阅览室,),We should improve our,teaching,methods. (,教学方法,),动名词,的句法功能,1,Its no use talking with him,：,Its no good speaking to them like that .,2,Theres some difficulty ( in ) doing ,在此句型中,difficulty 可以由以下单词替换:trouble , problem , fun , pleasure , a good time , a hard time,动名词,的常用句型,1,下列动词后跟不定式与跟动名词作宾语,意义相同的,，,begin to do begin doing,start to do start doing,continue to do continue doing,动名词,的常考点,2,下列动词后跟不定式与跟动名词作宾语意义,有区别,，,forget to do 忘记要做某事,forget doing 忘记做了某事,remember to do记住要做某事,remember doing 记着做了某事,mean to do 有意要做某事,mean doing 意味着做了某事,regret to do 对要做的事表示后悔,regret doing 对做过去的事后悔,cant help to do不能帮助做某事,cant help doing 情不自禁做某事,try to do 尽力去做某事,try doing 试着做某事,learn to do 学着去做某事,learn doing 学会做某事,stop to do 停下来去做,（另一件事）,stop doing 停止做某事,go on to do 接着做,（另外一件事）,go on doing 继续做某事,used to do 过去做某事,be,（,get,）,used to doing 习惯做某事,3, 动名词的逻辑主语：,动名词的逻辑主语为,代词,或,名词的所有格,形式。,例如：,His,coming made us very happy .,4, 动名词主动形式表被动的情况：,need,doing ,want,doing ,require,doing例如,：,This room needs painting . 这个房间需要粉刷。,还记得吗？实义动词,Need,：,1. need to do sth.,需要做某事,I need to do my homework.,我需要做我的作业。,2. need doing sth.,需要（被）做某事,The flower needs watering.,花需要（被）浇水。,1 The story is,interesting,. Im,interested,in it .这个故事有兴趣,，我对这个故事感兴趣。,2 . This is a,moving,film .这是一部动人的电影。,3. The secretary worked late into the night ,preparing,a long speech for the president .秘书工作到深夜,，为主席准备一篇长篇演讲稿。,4.,Given,more time , Ill do it well .如果给我多一点时间,，我会做的更好。,When he passed the back of the street , he saw the thief,stealing,some money from the bank .当他后街时,，看到小偷正从银行偷钱。,Participle,分词,由动词原形加,-ing,构成现在分词,动词过去分词,可以在句子中用作定语、状语、表语、和宾语补足语。,1,）分词作定语,The,swimming,boy is Tom. (,主动,),Look at the,broken,glass. (,被动,),2,）分词作状语,3,）分词作表语,The film is,disappointing,.,(,特征，性质,),The boy was too,frightened,to move.,(,状态,),分词,的句法功能（,4,点）,4,）分词作补语（主补，宾补）,Do not keep,us,waiting,for a,long time. (,主动关系,),Hell have,his hair,cut,after,school. (,被动关系,),分词,的句法功能（,4,点）,主 动,被 动,一般式,doing,being done,完成式,having done,having been done,语态,时态,现在分词的时态和语态,过去分词的时态和语态,过去分词,无人称和数的变化,也没有时态和语态的变化。,(done),被动、完成、,感到,的,主动、进行、,令人,的,done,doing,现在分词,与过去分词,区别,The,swimming,boy is Tom.,(,主动、进行）,the room,facing,south,（主动）,The film is,disappointing,.,（令人,的,),I have a radio,made,in China.,（被动）,Look at the,broken,glass.,（被动、完成）,The,excited,people shouted,and cheered.,（感到,的）,1,现在分词,与,过去分词,的区别,Do you know the woman,talking,to Tom ?,= Do you know the woman who is talking to Tom ?,The soldier,wounded,in the war has become a doctor.,= The soldier who was wounded in the war has become a doctor.,China is a,developing,country and America is a developed country.,3,现在分词、动名词 现在进行时的区别,The situation in our country is,encouraging,. (表语)The situation in our country,is encouraging,the people . ( 现在进行时)My job is,looking,after the little baby . (动名词),能回答,how-question 的是现在分词,，,能回答,what-question 的动名词,，,即不能回答,how-question 也不能回答what-question 的是现在进行时。,例如：,How is the situation in our country ? It is encouraging .What is your job ? My job is looking after the little baby .,现在分词的时态和语态：,Having been to the Great Wall,many times, he,didnt go,there yesterday.,分词的动作发生在谓语动词,的动作之前,Not having received his,fathers letter,he,decided,to,make a call to him.,因为没收到他父亲的来信，,他决定给他打个电话。,The building,being built,is,our new library.,Not having been finished,the book cant be returned,at present.,注意：现在分词作状语的几个特性。,时间性,。与谓语动词同时发生，用一般时，如发生在谓语动作之前时则用完成式,having done,。,语态性,。与句子的主语之间的关系，是主谓关系或动宾关系。,人称一致性,。分词的逻辑主语就是句子的主语。,1,、考查非谓语动词用作主语,不定式或动名词用作主语，而分词不能担任句子中的主语。,【,考例,】Its very nice,pictures for me.,of you to draw,B. for you to draw,C. for you drawing,D. of you drawing,【考点诠释】,1,、考查非谓语动词用作主语,【,考例,】Its very nice,pictures for me.,A. of you to draw,B. for you to draw,C. for you drawing,D. of you drawing,答案,：,A,。,解析,考查,Its+,形容词,+of/for sb. +to do sth.,句中,it,为形式主语，,to do,是真正的主语，当形容词是表示品质意思时，应该用,of sb,，其他形容词用,for sb,，故此题答案为,A,。,【考点诠释】,2,、考查非谓语动词用作宾语,【,考例,】,一,Its a bit cold Would you mind my _all the windows?,一,Do as you like,，,please,A,close,B will close,C,closing,D,to close,【考点诠释】,2,、考查非谓语动词用作宾语,【,考例,】,一,Its a bit cold Would you mind my _all the windows?,一,Do as you like,，,please,07,淄博市,A,close,B will close,C,closing,D,to close,答案,C ,解析,动词,mind,意为“介意”，后跟动词时，应使用,ing,形式。,【考点诠释】,3,、考查“疑问词,+,动词不定式”的用法,。,The menu has so many good things! I cant decide_.,what to eat,how to eat,where to eat,when to eat,【考点诠释】,3,、考查“疑问词,+,动词不定式”的用法,。,The menu has so many good things! I cant decide_.,what to eat,how to eat,where to eat,when to eat,答案,：,A,。,解析,考查“疑问词,+,动词不定式”的用法。根据句意“我不能决定吃什么。”故选,A,。,【考点诠释】,3,、考查“疑问词,+,动词不定式”的用法,。,-My dad bought me a new MP4, but I dont know _.,-Lets read the instructions.,河南课改试验区,what to use,which one to use,how to use it,when to use it,【考点诠释】,3,、考查“疑问词,+,动词不定式”的用法,。,-My dad bought me a new MP4, but I dont know _.,-Lets read the instructions.,河南课改试验区,what to use,which one to use,how to use it,when to use it,答案,：,C,。,解析,考查“疑问词,+,动词不定式”的用法。根据句意“我不知道如何使用。”故选,C,。,【考点诠释】,4,、考查具体词的用法,China will spend about 52 billion,yuan,_new airports and _old ones in the west of China in the 11th Five-Year Plan period(,时期,),07,临沂市,A,repairing; building B to build,；,repair C,building,；,repairing D,to repair,；,build,【考点诠释】,5,、考查非谓语动词用作宾语补足语,原则上，所有的非谓语动词形式均可用作宾语补足语，其区别是：,不定式表未来，现在分词表进行，过去分词表完成和被动,。,【,考例,】Alice asked me,_,another bag for her. ,北京市课标卷,A. get B. got C. to get D. getting,【考点诠释】,5,、考查非谓语动词用作宾语补足语,原则上，所有的非谓语动词形式均可用作宾语补足语，其区别是：,不定式表未来，现在分词表进行，过去分词表完成和被动,。,【,考例,】Alice asked me,_,another bag for her. ,北京市课标卷,A. get B. got C. to get D. getting,答案,：,C,。,解析, ask sb,to do sth,表示让某人做某事，此句话的意思为,:“,爱丽丝叫我给她再带一个包。”,【考点诠释】,5,、考查非谓语动词用作宾语补足语,Our parents often tell us not,alone in the river in summer. ,长沙,swim B. to swim,C. Swimming D. swam,【考点诠释】,5,、考查非谓语动词用作宾语补足语,Our parents often tell us not,alone in the river in summer. ,长沙,swim B. to swim,C. Swimming D. swam,答案,：,B,。,解析,考查动词不定式作宾语补足语的用法。,tell,sb,to do,sth,表示告诉某人做某事，,tell,后边要加不定式，否定形式是在,to,前面加,not,，根据题意，应选,B,。,【考点诠释】,5,、考查非谓语动词用作宾语补足语,Betty is often seen _the old man with his housework. ,咸宁,helpB. to help,C. helpedD. helps,-How do you feel when you see the national flag of China?,-It makes us _proud. ,包头,feel B. to feel,C. felt D. feeling,【考点诠释】,5,、考查非谓语动词用作宾语补足语,Betty is often seen _the old man with his housework.,咸宁,helpB. to help,C. helpedD. helps,答案,：,B,。,解析,考查感官动词后接动词不定式的用法。在,make, let, have,等使役动词和,see, watch, notice, hear, listen to,，,look at,，,feel,等感官动词后的复合宾语中，动词不定式不带,to,。当使役动词和感官动词变为,被动语态,时，不定式就成了主语补语，作主语补语的不,定式必须加,to,。故选,B,。,【考点诠释】,5,、考查非谓语动词用作宾语补足语,-How do you feel when you see the national flag of China?,-It makes us _proud.,包头,feel B. to feel,C. felt D. feeling,答案,：,A,。,解析,考查感官动词后接动词不定式的用法。在,make, let, have,等使役动词和,see, watch, notice, hear, listen to,，,look at,，,feel,等感官动词后的复合宾语中，动词不定式不带,to,。故选,A,。,【考点诠释】,6,、,考查非谓语动词用作定语,【,考例,】,Shopping with me?,Sorry. I have a lot of clothes,.,（南昌）,A,to washB,washedC,washD,to be washed,【考点诠释】,6,、,考查非谓语动词用作定语,【,考例,】,Shopping with me?,Sorry. I have a lot of clothes,.,（南昌）,A,to washB,washedC,washD,to be washed,答案,: A,命题立意,：本题考查动词不定式作定语的用法。,试题解析,：作定语用的不定式的逻辑主语是句中主语或宾语时，就用主动式的不定式来表被动意义。故选,A,。,【考点诠释】,6,、,考查非谓语动词用作定语,【,考例,】,Shopping with me?,Sorry. I have a lot of clothes,.,（南昌）,A,to washB,washedC,washD,to be washed,答案,: A,命题立意,：本题考查动词不定式作定语的用法。,试题解析,：作定语用的不定式的逻辑主语是句中主语或宾语时，就用主动式的不定式来表被动意义。故选,A,。,【考点诠释】,7,、,考查非谓语动词用作状语,【,考例,】-Linda, I am very thirsty.,-Lets go to the nearest supermarket,some drinks, OK? ,重庆,buy B. bought,C. to buy D. buying,In order _the word a friendly place, one must show a friendly face.,乐山,makes B. making,C. to make D. make,【考点诠释】,7,、,考查非谓语动词用作状语,【,考例,】-Linda, I am very thirsty.,-Lets go to the nearest supermarket,some drinks, OK? ,重庆,buy B. bought,C. to buy D. buying,答案,：,C,。,解析,考查不定式作目的状语的用法。句意为：“咱们去最近的超级市场买些饮料。”,In order _the word a friendly place, one must show a friendly face.,乐山,makes B. making,C. to makeD. make,答案,：,C,。,解析,考查动词不定式作目的状语的特殊结构。,in order to do,sth,.,表示“为了,”,的意思，不定式作目的状语。故选,C,。,【考点诠释】,7,、,考查非谓语动词用作状语,一,There goes the bell,一,Its time for class. Lets stop_.,福州市,A,talk B to talk,C,talking D,not talk,【考点诠释】,7,、,考查非谓语动词用作状语,一,There goes the bell,一,Its time for class. Lets stop_.,福州市,A,talk B to talk,C,talking D,not talk,答案,C,解析,动词,stop,后既可接动词不定式作宾语，即：,stop to do sth,，也可以接动词的一,ing,形式作定语，即：,stop doing sth,。前者表示停下来,(,开始,),做后面的动作，后者表示停止当前的动作。由语境“铃响了，到了上课时间，应停止交谈”可知，应选,C,项。,【考点诠释】,7,、,考查非谓语动词用作状语,一,There goes the bell,一,Its time for class. Lets stop_.,福州市,A,talk B to talk,C,talking D,not talk,答案,C,解析,动词,stop,后既可接动词不定式作宾语，即：,stop to do sth,，也可以接动词的一,ing,形式作定语，即：,stop doing sth,。前者表示停下来,(,开始,),做后面的动作，后者表示停止当前的动作。由语境“铃响了，到了上课时间，应停止交谈”可知，应选,C,项。,【考点诠释】,1. Wed better _off our mobile phones. The meeting will start in a minute. (2007),A. to turn B. turning C. turn D. turned,2. Its time for sports. Lets _ bowling, shall we? (2006),A. go B. to go C. going D. goes,3. Tom likes cars. He enjoys _model cars of all kinds. (2005),A. collects B. collecting C. to collect D. collected,4. The heavy snowstorm made the mountain climbers_ halfway. (2005),A. stop B. to stop C. stopping D. stopped,5. Internet bars mustnt let people under 18 in or let anybody _bad things. (2004),A. watch B. to watch C. watching D. watches,【,真题,】,6. Mr Zhu, youd better _too much meat. You are already over weight, said die doctor.,A. not to eat B. to eat C. not eat D. eat (2003,),7. Dont always make Michael _this or that. He is already a big boy, dear, Mr Bush said to his wife.,（,2003,）,A. do B. to do C. does D. did,8. If the,launch,（发射,),in 2005 is successful, China will be the third country _its astronauts into space after Russia and the US. (2002),A. send B. sends C. sending D. to send,9. Yesterday morning I got up early_ be late for the exam. (2002),A. in order to B. in order to not C. so as not to D. so as to,10. The greedy inn-keeper once made the poor hero _twice a day. (2001),A. dance B. dances C. danced D. to dance,【,真题,】,11. Our headmaster asked us_ a report on how to protect wild animals. (08),A) write B) writing C) to writeD) wrote,12,、,The woman feels that she should let her son _his own decision this time.,（,09,）,A)makes B)make C)to make D)making,13,、,Susan finally became a popular singer after he practiced _for years.,（,09,）,A)sing B)to sing C)singing D)sang,14,、,Richard turned off the computer after he had finished _ the email.,（,10,）,A) write B) to write C) writing D) wrote,15. Before going to the History Museum, our teacher told us _ the public rules.,（,10,）,A) obeyB) to obeyC) obeyingD) obeyed,【,真题,】,
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