7 句群与段落的英译

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,*,第五章 句群与段落的翻译,Sentence Groups & Paragraphs,1,Sentence Group,Sentence group is a term used in composition as well as text analysis. It refers to,a grammatical unit between sentence and paragraph, smaller than a paragraph but larger than a sentence,. In terms of structure, it may consist of only one sentence or two or more than two sentences devoted to the same theme.,A sentence group must be,cohesive,in structure and,coherent,in meaning.,2,句群是一群句子的组合，是,大于句子，小于段落,的语法单位和表意单位,。一个句群起码包含两个以上的句子。,句群中的句子之间紧密联系，前后连贯，,共同表达某个中心意思,。通常一个句子是中心，表明所在句群的中心思想，其他句子是支撑，围绕中心思想展开叙述,、,说明,、,描写,、,论证或抒情。但有时句群的中心思想也可从组成句子中归纳出来。,3,英译时注意构成句群的各个句子间的,衔接,，从而实现译文语义的,连贯,；,1,）,增加连接词；,S1.,笼里养着两只母鸡，一只爱唱，另一只喜静。,解说,主人根据母鸡下蛋之后报唱的现象，以为所有的蛋都是那只唱鸡产的。,因果,因此很偏爱它，捉的蟑螂也专喂给它吃。,转折,但日子一久，秘密揭穿了，原来那只唱鸡下蛋很少，而不叫的那只却一天一个，且蛋刚落地就一声不吭离开鸡窝，由那只唱鸡在蛋边大喊大叫。,4,There were two hens in a coop. one was fond of cackling while the other liked to keep quiet.,As,it is customary for a hen to cackle after laying an egg, the chicken raiser accordingly credited the cackler with all the eggs that have been laid.,As a result, he became so partial to his favorite bird that he fed her with every cockroach he caught. With the passing of time,however,it became known that the cackler had in fact laid very few eggs while the non-cackler kept laying one egg a day. Every time, as soon as the latter laid an egg, she quit the coop quietly, leaving the former standing by the newly-laid,egg shouting and yelling her head off.,5,S2.,白杨不是平凡的树。它在西北极普遍，不被人重视，就跟北方农民相似：它有极强的生命力，磨折不了，压迫不倒，也跟北方的农民相似。,White poplars are no ordinary trees.,But,these common trees in Northwest China are as much ignored as our peasants in the North.,However,like our peasants in the North, they are budting with vitality and capable of aurviving any hardship or oppression.,6,2),句间合并：（语义上联系紧密的句子，应并为一句；并句可以避免语言的拖沓和重复，使译文更加严谨、简洁、紧凑，符合英文的表达习惯。,S1.,广东对多数中国人来说曾经是一个特殊并充满神秘感的省份。,因果,这多半是由于它毗邻香港的缘故。,解说,自从中国共产党在,1949,年建立政权以后，香港成为地理上距中国大陆最近而政治制度及意识形态与大陆大相径庭的一个区域。,因果,广东因此成为一个窗口，刺激并满足着中国人和外国人相互间对,“,异端,”,的好奇心。,7,S1.,广东对多数中国人来说曾经是一个特殊并充满神秘感的省份。,因果,这多半是由于它毗邻香港的缘故。,解说,自从中国共产党在,1949,年建立政权以后，香港成为地理上距中国大陆最近而政治制度及意识形态与大陆大相径庭的一个区域。,因果,广东因此成为一个窗口，刺激并满足着中国人和外国人相互间对,“,异端,”,的好奇心。,To many Chinese, Guangdong province was in the past a peculiar, mysterious place,due to,its close proximity to Hong Kong. In 1949, when the Chinese Communist Party assumed power in China, Hong Kong maintained a completely different political system and ideology,despite,being geographically a part of the mainland. Guangdong,therefore,became the window,through which,Chinese and foreigners kept an eye on one another.,8,3),英译时注意构成句群的各个句子本身译法处理：,注意断句；注意分句间的衔接，从而实现语义的连贯；注意复句的处理；注意语义性增词；,S1.,笼里养着两只母鸡，,一只爱唱，,？,另一只喜静。,主人根据母鸡下蛋之后报唱的现象，以为所有的蛋都是那只唱鸡产的。,因此很偏爱它，捉的蟑螂也专喂给它吃。,但日子一久，秘密揭穿了：原来那只唱鸡下蛋很少，而不叫的那只却一天一个，,且蛋刚落地就一声不吭离开鸡窝，由那只唱鸡在蛋边大喊大叫。,9,There were two hens in a coop,.,O,ne was fond of cackling,while,the other liked to keep quiet.,As it is customary for a hen to cackle after laying an egg, the chicken raiser,accordingly,credited the cackler with all the eggs that have been laid.,As a result, he became,so,partial to his favorite bird,that,he fed her with every cockroach he caught.,With the passing of time, however, it became known that the cackler had in fact laid very few eggs,while,the non-cackler kept laying one egg a day,.,Every time, as soon as the latter laid an egg, she quit the coop quietly, leaving the former standing by the newly-laid egg shouting and yelling her head off.,10,S2.,世界上一些国家发生问题，从根本上来说，都是因为经济上不去，没有饭吃，没有衣穿，没有房住，工资增长被通货膨胀抵消，生活水平下降，大批人下岗和失业，长期过紧日子。,Basically the root cause for social unrest in,some countries lies in their failure to boost their economy,.,Consequently,they lack food, clothing and shelter and their wage increases are offset by inflation,.,With,a decline in living standards,widespread layoffs and unemployment, people have to suffer chronic hardship.,11,Paragraphs,A paragraph is a self-contained unit of a discourse in writing dealing with a particular point or idea. A paragraph consists of one or more sentence groups or is comprised by one or more sentence groups and sentences.,12,段落翻译中，除了考虑正确、地道的译出各句外，还要考虑,段落主题性,。,另外，注意,汉英差别,。汉语的一个段落可能包含几个句群，也就是几个主题，而英文的段落基本只有一个主题。,第一步,找出句群,，及句群的中心，再确定段落的中心，以及结构方式。,13,她患了肺癌，疯长的癌细胞已经沿着她的血液和淋巴,(lymph glands),转移至全身。她的丈夫不久前死于肝癌，唯一的儿子又遭车祸，变成植物人。为了治病，老人家负债累累，她索性卖掉了遮风避雨多年的房子，死心塌地地住在医院里。,“,我不可怜，我要努力活，唤醒儿子的记忆。,”,我大吃一惊，老人活在对爱子的殷殷希望里，希望的曙光照亮了一切，自身的悲痛就显得微不足道了。所以，,“,可怜,”,是专门给没有希望的人准备的名词。,14,她患了肺癌，疯长的癌细胞已经沿着她的血液和淋巴,(lymph glands),转移至全身。她的丈夫不久前死于肝癌，唯一的儿子又遭车祸，变成植物人。为了治病，老人家负债累累，她索性卖掉了遮风避雨多年的房子，死心塌地地住在医院里。,“,我不可怜，我要努力活，唤醒儿子的记忆。,”,我大吃一惊，老人活在对爱子的殷殷希望里，希望的曙光照亮了一切，自身的悲痛就显得微不足道了。所以，,“,可怜,”,是专门给没有希望的人准备的名词。,15,She has been suffering from lung cancer. Cancer cells are reproducing themselves in great number and spreading to the whole of her body along her blood vessels and lymph glands. Her husband died a short time ago of liver cancer ad her son has become a “vegetable”,as a consequence of a car accident,. To cover the medical expenses, she has incurred heavy debts. To pay off the debts she made up her mind and sold the house, her only shelter from wind and rain,leaving her sons bed-side in the hospital the only place to stay,.,16,“I am not at all pitiable. I must live on,so that,I can rouse him from his deep sleep,she declared.,Her words,took me by great surprise,. It is her fond hope for her beloved son that keeps the granny going, lighting up her future and making her forget her own troubles. Therefore,only those who have given up hope should be pitied.,17,专八汉英段落翻译精讲,脍炙人口的传统京剧,白蛇传,讲的是传自明朝的故事。白蛇精与青蛇精化作美女来到人间。白蛇精与一位书生相爱并生一子。禅师法海认为他们的结合违反传统婚姻，伤风败俗。他气急败坏，于是他派神兵神将前来捉拿白蛇精，并将她镇压在一座塔下面。后来，青蛇精在深山中修炼，习武多年，终于砸烂了那座塔，救出白蛇精。至此，白蛇精与丈夫、儿子又得团聚。在,白,剧中，蛇被赋予了崇高的人性。,18,脍炙人口的传统京剧,白蛇传,讲的是传自明朝的故事。,脍炙人口,: be on everybodys lips; enjoy great popularity,；,win universal praise; pleasant to everyones taste; popular; be a household word; oft-quoted,传统京剧：,traditional Beijing operas,白蛇传,：,story;,此处的“传”字也可不翻译。,传记：,biography; autobiography,参考译文：,The White Snake, a popular traditional Beijing opera, is based on (tells of) a story handed down from the Ming Dynasty.,19,白蛇精与青蛇精化作美女来到人间。,精：精灵,spirit; soul,；,demon,，,devil;,白骨精,White Bone Demon;,狐狸精,fox spirit,。如：传说有只狐狸成了精。,Legend has it that a fox turned itself into a bewitching woman.,化作：,turn or change into; transform; convert,，这里指两个蛇精利用魔法使自己变成,metamorphose,美女：,beautiful girls, beauty,来到：,come to; venture into,（壮着胆子,),人间,: human world; mortal world,参考译文：,White Snake Spirit and Green Snake Spirit metamorphosed themselves into two beautiful girls and ventured into the human world.,20,白蛇精与一位书生相爱并生一子。,与,相爱,: fall in love with,书生,: intellectual; scholar,生：生育,give birth to,参考译文：,White Snake fell in love with a young scholar, married him and gave birth to a son.,21,禅师法海认为他们的结合违反传统婚姻，伤风败俗。,禅师：,Master, the title of a Buddhist monk,；禅师法海,: Fahai, a Buddhist monk; a monk by the Buddhist title of Fahai; a monk by the name of Fahai,结合,: combine;link;unite; union, marriage,违反,: violate; in violation of; break; be against,传统婚姻,: conventional or traditional marriage,伤风败俗,: corrupt public morals; harm social morals; moral degeneration,参考译文：,Fahai, a Buddhist monk, regarded their union as a violation of conventional marriages and a degeneration of moral standards.,22,他气急败坏,于是他派神兵神将前来捉拿白蛇精，并将她镇压在一座塔下面。,气急败坏,: in rage; be enraged; wrathful; furious; exasperate; in uncontrolled anger,神兵神将,: divine troops from heaven,前来,: come around (,此处无需翻译,),捉拿：,arrest; catch; capture,镇压：,suppress,；,quell,法：法力,Dharma power; supernatural power,把,关在塔底不许出来：,confine her to the bottom of /,incarcerate her beneath a pagoda,参考译文：,Much enraged, he sent divine troops from heaven to capture White Snake, incarcerating her underneath a pagoda,by using his magical powers.,23,后来,青蛇精在深山中修炼,习武多年，终于砸烂了那座塔,救出白蛇精。,修炼,: (of Buddhists and Taoists) go into religious discipline; practice austerities,（苦行）,; practice spiritual power,习武：,practice martial arts/wushu,，修炼,习武：两组词可以放在一块,: train oneself in /practice magic power and martial arts,砸烂：,smash, topple,白蛇精：根据传说是青蛇的主人，故处理成女主人,mistress,以反映中国文化，交代清楚二者的关系。,参考译文：,For many years afterwards, Green Snake hid herself in the remote mountains to vigorously practice magic power and martial arts and in the end succeeded in toppling the pagoda and rescuing her mistress.,24,至此，白蛇精与丈夫、儿子又得团聚。,至此,: up to now; so far; by now,团聚,:,聚会,gather;,人或物在分离后重聚,reunite,得（以）：,so thatmay,（,can,）,be able to;so as to;,参考译文：,By now White Snake was able to reunite with /join her husband and son/her family.,25,在,白,剧中，蛇被赋予了崇高的人性。,剧：此处指京剧，故可以译成成,opera,。在,白,剧中,:,要么译成,in the White Snake,，要么译成,in the opera,赋予,: endowwith; give; bestow; assume,。例如：一些古老的风俗习惯被赋予了崭新的内容。,Some ancient customs and habits have assumed brand-new meanings.,参考译文：,The snake in the opera assumes a noble personality /human nature.,（此处谈的是感想，可用现在时态。）,26,