I.WaterQuality

Click to edit Master title style,Click to edit Master text styles,Second Level,Third Level,Fourth Level,Fifth Level,I. Water Quality,E. Federal and state regulations affecting water quality,Objectives:,Principle of water regulation.,List and describe federal and state regulations concerning water quality.,Distinguish between,technology-based,and,water-quality-based,standards.,Whereas,etc.,Wherefore,Principle of Regulation,“non-degradation” principle - no waters should be degraded more than what they currently are.,Pollution - anything put in stream can cause deterioration of water and affect the final use of the stream.,Criteria vs. Standards,Criteria - quality based on scientific determination.,Identification - analytical methodology,Standards - definition of acceptable quality related to unique local situation involving political, economic and social factors.,Long-term monitoring.,Effluent Standards-technology based standards,Conventional pollutants vs. non-conventional pollutants,BAT (Best Available Technology) vs. BCT (Best Conventional Technology),Enforcement - National Pollution Discharge Elimination Systems (NPDES), section 402 of Clean Water Act 72.,Stream standards-water quality based standards,Degradation of water quality occurs even when effluents with technology based standards are still going to exceed the assimilative capacity of receiving water.,Water quality based standards - Total Maximum Daily Load (enforcement via. NPDES),Federal and state regulations:,Water Quality Act of 65.,National Environmental Policy Act (69).,Water Pollution Control Act (48 - 72).,72 Clean Water Act.,Safe Drinking Water Act (74, 86).,Water Quality Act (87).,IL Groundwater Protection Act (87).,Water Quality Act of 1965:,This established water quality standards for,interstate,waters.,This as well as other prior legislation was based primarily on issues of,commerce,(interstate, international trade).,National Environmental Policy Act (1969):,The 1969 National Environmental Policy Act established the National Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA).,The creation of the EPA increased the separation of water,quality,programs from other water programs.,Water Pollution Control Act:,The,Water Pollution Control Act,of 1948 was amended from 56 to 72 to fund response to water pollution issues.,Funding rose from $50 million in 66 to $1.25 billion by 72 (Clean Water Act).,Unfortunately, much of this legislation lacked,enforceability,.,National goals,Eliminate the discharge of pollutants into navigable waters by 1985 - Zero charge.,Interim water quality level that would achieve “fishable/swimmable” uses.,Prohibit the discharge of toxic pollutants,The 1972 Clean Water Act:,The 1972 Clean Water Act:,The,Clean Water Act,combined construction of,treatment facilities,with,enforcement procedures,to ensure compliance with established standards for,navigable,waters.,The Clean Water Act and the 1987,Water Quality Act,:,The Clean Water Act was revised in 1977 to give,states,primary responsibility for water quality and water use.,The Clean Water Act was re-authorized again in 1987 as the,Water Quality Act,and revised to include control of non-point sources of pollution.,1990 Oil Pollution Control Act,1969-75 - Intl. Commission on Civil Liability for Oil Pollution Damage.,1971-78 - International Fund for Compensation established.,1990 - in response to the Exxon Valdez spill, OPA enacted.,Extended,current CWA spill provisions.,Created,new,section on liability and compensation.,Other legislation related to water quality,Toxic Substances Control Act (1976).,Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (1976).,Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act of 1980 (CERCLA or Superfund).,The Safe Drinking Water Act:,Established in 1974 to insure uniform safety and quality of drinking water by identifying contaminants and estab-lishing maximum acceptable levels.,Revised in 1986 to focus more closely on groundwater protection. Criminal penalties were also established for violations.,The Safe Drinking Water Act,Maximum Contaminant Levels (MCLs) were initially (74) set for only a few parameters (bacteria, chemicals, etc.),1986 amendments provided for eighty-three primary contaminants by 1989 and addition of twenty-five more every three years.,1996 amendments provided for “right to know” public notification of contaminants.,The,Illinois Groundwater Protection Act,(IGPA):,Established in 1987, this Act was designed to provide for a comprehensive program for protection of groundwater in Illinois.,One of Illinois primary problems for groundwater contamination is leaking underground storage tanks (LUST).,Groundwater quality classification:,Class I (drinking),Class II (irrigation),Class III (fish, aquatic life, livestock),Class IV (industrial),Class V (geothermal),Class VI (unsuitable or unusable),Surface water quality classification:,Class AA, A (drinking),Class B (bathing and swimming),Class C (fish propagation and fishing),Class D (fish survival),Summary:,Primary federal legislation affecting water quality and treatment include the,Clean Water Act,and the,Safe Drinking Water Act,.,Two approaches to establishing standards for water quality include,Technology-based,and,Water Quality-based,standards.,