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Click to edit Master title style,Click to edit Master text styles,Second level,Third level,Fourth level,Fifth level,*,From Cone and Foster (1993),Writing a Literature Review and Proposal,1,General Guidelines to Writing a Literature Review,Introduce the literature review by pointing out the major research topic that will be discussed,Identify the broad problem area but dont be too global,(for example, discussing the history of education when the topic is on specific instructional strategy),Discuss the general importance of your topic for those in your field,2,General Guidelines to Writing a Literature Review,Dont attempt to cover everything written on your topic,You will need to pick out the research most relevant to the topic you are studying,You will use the studies in your literature review as “evidence” that your research question is an important one,3,General Guidelines to Writing a Literature Review,It is important to cover research relevant to all the variables being studied.,Research that explains the relationship between these variables is a top priority.,You will need to plan how you will structure your literature review and write from this plan.,4,Organizing Your Literature Review,Topical Order,organize by main topics or issues; emphasize the relationship of the issues to the main “problem”,Chronological Order,organize the literature by the dates the research was published,Problem-Cause-Solution Order,Organize the review so that it moves from the problem to the solution,5,Organizing Your Literature Review,General-to-Specific Order,(Also called the funnel approach) Examine broad-based research first and then focus on specific studies that relate to the topic,Specific-to-General Order,Try to make discuss specific research studies so conclusions can be drawn,6,Organizing Your Literature Review,Known-to-Unknown Order,Examine the current literature about the problem and then identify at the end what still is not known,Comparison-and-Contrast Order,Show how research studies are similar to and different from each other,7,After reviewing the literature, summarize what has been done, what has not been done, and what needs to be done,Remember you are arguing your point of why your study is important!,Then pose a formal research question or state a hypothesisbe sure this is clearly linked to your literature review,Literature Review,8,Literature Review,All sources cited in the literature review should be listed in the references,To sum, a literature review should include introduction, summary and critique of journal articles, justifications for your research project and the hypothesis for your research project,9,Common Errors Made in Lit Reviews,Review isnt logically organized,Review isnt focused on most important facets of the study,Review doesnt relate literature to the study,Too few references or outdated references cited,Review isnt written in authors own words,Review reads like a series of disjointed summaries,Review doesnt argue a point,Recent references are omitted,10,Writing the Literature Review,Plagiarism includes,(Galvan, pg. 89),:,Using another writers words without proper citation,Using another writers ideas without proper citation,Citing a source but reproducing the exact word without quotation marks,Borrowing the structure of another authors phrases/sentences without giving the source,Borrowing all or part of another students paper,Using paper-writing service or having a friend write the paper,11,Writing the proposal,The proposal includes all the sections in a,literature review,and,A methodology section,Proposed statistical analyses (if possible),References section (APA style or other style manual),12,
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