高考英语阅读理解技巧-细节事实题改

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*, , , , , , ,*,Lets spot the differences,大家来找茬,英语专题,Strategies for,Questions,of Details,英语阅读理解技巧(事实细节题),推理判断题,猜测词义题,阅读四大题型,事实细节题,主旨大意题,高考英语阅读理解题考查方式,是非题,年代与数字考点,Wh,-,题,(,who,what,when,where,why,how,),高考阅读考查细节理解题：,201,3,年,5,题,201,4,年,8,题,201,5,年,11,题,1,、细节题的题干分析,2,、细节题解题方法,教学内容,分析往年试卷卷的阅读细节题分别考查哪些信息？,60.How did Percival feel during his meeting with Laura?(12),50. Who are the intended readers of the passage?(08),63.What made “I” finally think of getting a cell phone?(12),57. When did Tanni win her first Olympic gold medal?(08),72. Why did the author and his wife try a new diet? (09),事件,人物,方式,时间,因果,In 1988, Tanni went to her first Paralympic Games in Seoul. She won bronze in the 400 metres. Even greater success followed at the 1992 Barcelona. Paralympics. Tanni won gold in the 100, 200, 400 and 800 metres relay, setting two world records in the process.,时间,57. When did Tanni win her first Olympic gold medal?,A. In 1984. B. In 1988.,C. In 1992. D. In 2007,事实细节题考查的六大信息,事实细节题干常用,when, where, who, why,what,和,how,等提问或要求用此类信息补全,句子，考查对应的六大信息内容，即,_,、,_,、,_,、,_,、,_,和,_,。,时间 地点 人物 原因 事件,方式,S summary,题干分析,1.,According to,the passage, when ( where, why, how, who, what, which, etc.)_?,2.Whichofthefollowingstatements,iscorrect/true?,（,三误一正,）,3.Which of the following,is not mentioned in,the text?（,三正一误,）,4 The author ( or the passage),states,that_.,5 .,常见设题方式：,题干设计,常常避开,原文中所用的词汇，而,用,其同义词,、,近义词,或,反义词,设题。,设题特点：,Not long ago. My wife, PJ, and I tried a new dietnot to lose a little weight but to answer an annoying question about climate change.,原因,72. Why did the author and his wife try a new diet?,A. To take special kinds of food,B. To respond to climate change.,C. To lose weight,D. To improve their health,_,_,同义词,三大法宝： 顺序原则,二、 细节理解解题方法,定位词,排除法,(,一,),、把握解题的顺序原则,Food sometimes gets poisoned with harmful things. A person who eats such food can get an illness called food poisoning.,Food poisoning is usually not serious, but some types are deadly, The symptoms of food poisoning usually begin within hours of eating the poisoned food. Fever is one of the most common symptoms.,Certain microorganisms (,微生物,) cause most types of food poisoning.,Bacteria and other microorganisms can poison eggs, meat, vegetables, and many other foods. After entering the body, these tiny living things release (,释放,) poisons that make people sick.,Some chemicals can also cause food poisoning.,They are often added to food while it is being grown, processed, or prepaid. For example, many farmers spray chemicals on crops to kill weeds and insects. Some people may have a bad reaction to those chemicals when they eat the crops.,Some plants and animals contain natural poisons that are harmful to people.,These include,51,题答案,5,2 53,题答案,5,3,题答案,5,3,题答案,certain kinds of seafood, grains, nuts, seeds, beans, and mushrooms.,When people handle food properly, the risk of food poisoning is very small Microorganisms multiply rapidly in dirty places and in warm temperatures. This means that people should never touch food with ditty hands or put food on unwashed surfaces. Food should be kept in a refrigerator to stop microorganisms from gnawing. Meat needs to be cooked thoroughly to kill any dangerous microorganisms. People should also wash food covered with chemicals before eating it. Finally, people should not eat raid mushrooms or other foods that grow in the wild. Some of these foods may contain natural materials that are poisonous to humans. In addition, some types of fish can be poisonous.,Most people recover from food poisoning after a few days of resting and drinking extra water. If people eat natural poisons, they must go to the hospital right away to have their stomachs emptied.,(,一,),、把握解题的顺序原则,5,4,题答案,二、通过定位词寻找出题点,定位词和主题句,是英语阅读理解解题方法的最重要的两个要素，前者适用于解答细节理解题，后者用于解答主旨大意题。,1.,表示人名、地名等的专有名词和表示年份、数字、百分数等的数词，以及题干中出现的大写的名词,2.,表示实体意义，指代一件具体事物的名词,3.,题干中词义鲜明的动词、形容词、副词等,(New York) A French tourist highly praised for rescuing a two-year-old girl in Manhattan said he didnt think twice before diving into the freezing East River.,Tuesdays Daily News said 29-year-old Julien Duret from France is the man who left the spot quickly after the rescue last Sunday.,He lifted the little girl out of water after she fell off the bank at the South Street Seaport museum. He handed the girl to her father, David Anderson, who had dived in after him.,二、通过定位词寻找出题点,Q:,Who dived after Duret into the river to save the little girl?,A. David Anderson B. A passer-by,C. His girlfriend D. A taxi driver,技巧：定位词在题干中寻找线索，并圈出题干中的名词、动词、形容词等实词，找出线索词在文中的位置。,1 wh-,细节题,定位词的转换形式：,a.,同义改写,When I was six, Dad brought home a dog one day, who was called “Brownie”, My brothers and I all loved Brownie and did different things with her. One of us would walk her, another would feed her ,then there were baths, playing catch and many other games . Brownie, in return, loved each and every one of us. One thing that most touched my heart was that she would go to whoever was sick and just be with them. We always felt better when she was around.,41. What would Brownie do when someone was ill in the family?,A. Look at them sadly. B. Keep them company.,C. Play games with them. D. Touch them gently.,sick,When I was growing up in America, I was ashamed of my mothers Chinese English. Because of her English, she was often treated unfairly. People in department stores, at banks, and at restaurants did not take her seriously, did not give her good service, pretended not to understand her, or even acted as if they did not hear her.,41. Why was the authors mother poorly served?,A. She was unable to speak good English.,B. She was often misunderstood.,C. She was not clearly heard.,D. She was not very polite.,But the key issue is really moneyChina is already spending hundreds of billions of yuan on,domestic railway expansion,68According to the passage，the greatest challenge to the new high-speed railway plan is,_,Atechnical issues,Bsafety of the system,Cfinancial problems,Dmaintenance of railway tracks,b.,转变词性与结构,:,Confucius suggested Rule as a principle for the conduct of life: “Do not do to others what you would not want others to do to you.” He assumed that all men were equal at birth, though some potential than others, are that it was knowledge that set men apart. Socrates focused on individual, and thought that the greatest purpose of man was to seek wisdom. He believed that some had more potential to develop their reason than others did. Like Confucius, he believed that the superior class should rule the inferior(下层的)classes.,66. What made some people,different,from others according to,Confucius,?,A. FamilyB. Potential,C. Knowledge,D. Community,Brownie turned out to be more than just our family pet, she went everywhere with us .People would stop and ask if they could pet her. Of course shed let anyone pet her. She was just the most lovable dog. There were many times when wed be out walking and a small child would come over and pull pm her hair. she never barked(吠) or tried to get away. Funny thing is she would smile. This frightened people because they thought she was showing her teeth. Far from the truth, she lovely everyone.,44. Some people got frightened by Brownie,when she_.,A. smiled,B. barked,C. rushed to them,D. tried to be funny,(,三,),、排除法,（1）正确选项的特征,正确选项虽然一般不是原文照搬，但是一般是原文的改写，意思不变。如换一个同义词，把否定改为肯定，把肯定改为否定等。,【2010江苏】68. According to the passage, the greatest challenge to the new high-speed railway plan is .,A. technical issues,B. safety of the system,C. financial problems,D. maintenance of railway tracks,a,张冠李戴：把,A,事物的特点说成是,B,事物的，企图混淆视听。,（,2,）错误选项的特征,Other early surnames came from peoples occupations. The most common occupational name is Smith, which means a person who makes things with iron or other metals. In the past, smiths were very important workers in every town and village. Some other occupational names are: Carter a person who owned or drove a cart; Potter a person who made pots and pans.,57. According to the passage, the ancestors of the Potter family most probably _.,A. owned or drove a cart,B. made things with metals,C. made kitchen tools or contains,D. built houses and furniture,48. What do we know about Jarolim from the text?,AShe is successful in her job,BShe finds her life full of stresses,CShe spends half of her time traveling,DShe is especially interested in museums,b.,断章取义：,抓住一个字眼或细节做文章，对作者本意歪曲的理解。,c.,过度猜测：,文中并没有出现和选项一致的直接信息，选项对文意进行了不切实际的过度猜测。,Reading material 2,Food sometimes gets poisoned with harmful things. A person who eats such food can get an illness called food poisoning. Food poisoning is usually not serious, but some types are deadly. The symptoms of food poisoning usually begin within hours of eating the poisoned food.,Fever,is one of the most common symptoms.,2,是非题,Q,Which of the following statements is,NOT,true?,A. Food when poisoned can make people sick.,B. Food poisoning means death.,C. Food poisoning comes in varieties.,D. Food poisoning can be serious.,Passage2,技巧：排除法,以偏概全,三正一误,Food poisoning is usually not serious, but,some,types are deadly.,Reading material 3,The human body is a living machine, and like all machines, it needs fuel to supply it with energy. That is the food we eat. But how much do we need to stay healthy? The energy value of food is usually measured in calories. A calorie is the amount of heat required to raise the temperature of 1kg of water by 1. The number of calories people need per day is different, as the chart shows,CALORIES NEEDED PER DAY,Baby 750,Office worker 2,700,Child aged 8 2,100,Woman feeding baby 2,700,Man over 70 2,100,Boy aged 16 3,000,Woman 3,600,Farmer 2,600,练习题,Q1) _ calories are required to raise the temperature of 5kg of water from 35,to 90,.,A. 55 B. 175 C. 325 D. 275,Q2) Which statement is TRUE according to the chart above?,A. A child aged 8 requires more than 3 times the amount of calories that a baby does.,B. A boy aged 16 requires nearly twice the amount of calories that a boy aged 8 does.,C. An office worker requires the same amount of calories per day as a woman feeding a baby does.,D. A farmer requires nearly 1.5 times the amount of calories that an office worker does.,文章,【,解析,】答案为,D,。,根据文章细节内容，计算公式为： (90-35)51=275,3,计算题,根据文章图表，依次验证A、B、C、D 四个答案的内容是否正确。很容易找出,C,符合图表内容。,4,图表题,Back in the fifteenth century, in a tiny village near Nuremberg, lived a family with eighteen children,In spite of the hopeless condition, two of the children, Albrecht Durer and Albert, had a dream,They both wanted to pursue their talent for art,After many long discussions, the two boys finally worked out an agreement,They would toss a coin,The loser would go down into the nearby mines and, with his earnings, support his brother who attended the academy,Then, when that brother who won the toss completed his studies, in four years, he would support the other brother at the academy,Tossing a coin, Albrecht Durer won and went off to Nuremberg,Albert went down into the dangerous mines and, for the next four years, supported his brother,whose,work at the academy was almost an immediate sensation,（轰动）,By the time he graduated, he had earned considerable fees for his outstanding works,When the young artist returned to his village, the Durer family held a festive dinner to celebrate lbrechts triumphant,（胜利的）,homecoming,Albrecht drank a toast to his beloved brother for the years of sacrifice that had enabled him to complete his dream,“,And now, Albert, blessed brother of mine, now it is your turn,Now you can go to Nuremberg to look for your dream, and I will take care of you,”,To show thanks to Albert for all that he had sacrificed, Albrecht Durer painstakingly drew his brothers injured hands with palms together and thin fingers stretched skyward,He called his powerful drawing simply “Hands”, but the entire world almost immediately opened their hearts to his great masterpiece and renamed it “The Praying Hands”,Reading material 4,Q1 Which of the following is the correct order of the story？,aAlbrecht went to Nuremberg,bAlbert supported his brother,cThe Durer family held a festive dinner,dAlbrecht drew his brothers injured hands,eThe brothers tossed a coin,A,b, a, c, d, e B,a, e, c, d, b C,e, a, c, b, d D,e, a, b, c, d,_,_,解题思路：,先找出,最早,的一个时间和事件，把它作为事件发生的具体点，然后使用,排除法,将范围一一缩小，从而快速地选出正确答案,5 排序题,细节题类型,1wh,细节题,2,是非题,3,计算题,4,图表题,5,排序题,6,其它题,summary,有时命题者故弄玄虚，在选项中加些夸大其词的说法，把“大约”说成“绝对，肯定”,(,要留意选项中诸如,all,absolutely,only,never,completely,definitely,等词,),，把抽象说成具体，或者把人名、地名、时间等,张冠李戴,，误串起来，从而构成形是实非的干扰项。,注意“陷阱”：,_,明显不是文章的信息，与文中事实相反或不符,干扰项的特点与概括,:,(,事实细节题的考点,),正误并存,扩大,(,缩小,),范围,偷换概念,以偏概全,无中生有,_,信息部分正确，部分错误,_,是原文信息，但故意增加或减少细节,_,符合常识，但不是文章的内容,_,与原句的内容极为相似，但在程度、态度、褒贬色彩上有变动,_,是原文信息，但不是题干要求的内容,答非所问,& Practice makes perfect!,No way in the world is the best but yours.,2012年C篇,Finally, a cell phone,Thats . a phone,With rates as low as $3.75 per week!,“Well, I finally did it. I finally decided to enter the digital age and get a cell phone. My kids have been annoying me and the last straw was when my car broke down，and I was stuck by the highway for an hour before someone stopped to help. But when I went to the cell phone store, I almost changed my mind. The phones all have cameras, computers and a global-positioning something or other thats supposed to spot me from space. Goodness, all I want to do is to be able to talk to my grandkids! The people at the store werent much help. They couldnt understand why someone wouldnt want a phone the size of a postage stamp. And the rate plans! They were confusing, and expensive . and the contract (合同）lasted for two years! Id almost given up until a friend told me about her new Jitterbug phone. Now, I have the convenience and safety of being about to stay in touch - with a phone I can actually use. ”,Friendly Return Policy30 days30 daysCall now and receive a FREE gift when you order. Try Jitterbug for 30 days and if you dont love it, just return it! Why wait, the Jitterbug comes ready to use right out of the box. If you arent as happy with it as I am, you can return it and get your money back. Call now, the Jitterbug product experts are ready to answer your questions. Call 1-888-809-8794 or visit www. .,Monthly Minutes,50,100,Monthly Rate,$14.99,$19.99,911 Access,FREE,FREE,Long Distance Calls,No additional charge,No,Friendly Return Policy,30 days,30 days,2012福建高考卷A篇,短文长度：398个词。,本文作者以自己的亲身经历引出一部手机订购的优惠条件、资费标准及购买方式，实质上本文是一则广告。,63.,What,made “I” finally think of getting a cell phone?,64.On the monthly basis of 100 minutes, the Jitterbug weekly rate is about _.,65.An advantage of Jitterbug mentioned in the passage is _.,2012年福建高考题阅读C篇,事件,计算,细节事实,63.What made “I” finally think of getting a cell phone?,A. Being stuck by the highway.,B. Being urged by his grandkids.,C. Being persuaded by cell phone alespersons.,D. Being attracted by the friendly return policy.,2012年福建高考题阅读A篇,My kids have been annoying me and the,last straw was when my car broke down,，,and I was stuck by the highway for an hour before someone stopped to help.,答非所问,偷换概念,答非所问,64.On the monthly basis of 100 minutes, the Jitterbug weekly rate is about _.,A. $3.75B. $4.99C. $14. 99 D. $19.99,2012年福建高考题阅读C篇,Monthly Minutes,50,100,Monthly Rate,$14.99,$19.99,19.994,65.An advantage of Jitterbug mentioned in the passage is _.,A. its discount price with a free gift,B. its reasonable rate plans without a contract,C. its “global-positioning” system with 911 access,D. its good customer service all over the world,2012年福建高考题阅读C篇,原文定位,细节分析,正误并存,Affordable plans,that I can understand,一,and,no contract,to sign (,签订）！,_,选项,In terms of the,answer,s,1,正误并存,2,扩大,缩小范围,3,偷换概念,4,以偏概全,5,无中生有,6,答非所问,细节理解,summary,1,，比较处常考,2,，因果关系处常考,3,，转折处常考,4,，引言处常考,5,，列举处常考,常考查位置：,事实细节题解题技巧,1.,若针对特殊标点符号,举例子,名人名言出题,只需要阅读符号，例子,名言前后的内容，然后与选项核对。,2.,在出现一些关键词，如,however,、,but,、,moreover,、,therefore,、,thus,时，要特别注意句子前后意义的转折，递进，因果等关系。,3.,细节题的答案一般是同义替换项或者同义转换项,summary,4.选项中有绝对语气词的一般不是答案。如：must, never, the most, all, merely, only, have to, any, no, completely, none,等。但不是绝对，也有例外。,5.注意选项中的副词，形容词和介词短语等与原文是否一致。如： must, may, often, should, usually, might, most, more or less, likely, all, never，few 等存在程度不同，经常被偷换，往往被忽视。,6.细节题干扰项特点：与原文内容相反；与原文内容一半相符，一半不同；叙述过于绝对化；原文没有提及.,Practice makes perfect!,May you succeed in your studies!,Thank you!,B,篇,Can dogs and cats live in perfect harmony in the same home? People who are thinking about adopting a dog as a friend for their cats are worried that they will fight. A recent research has found anewrecipe of success. According to the study, if the cat is adopted before the dog, and if they are introduced when still young (less than 6 months for cats, a year for dogs), it is highly probable that the two pets will get alongswimmingly. Two-thirds of the homes interviewed reporteda positive relationshipbetween their cat and dog.,However, it wasnt all sweetness and light. There was a reported coldness between the cat and dog in 25% of the homes,while aggression and fighting were observed in 10% of the homes. One reason for this is probably that some of their body signals were just opposite. For example, when a cat turns its head away it signals aggression, while a dog doing the same signals submission.,In homes with cats and dogs living peacefully, researchers observed a surprising behaviour. They are learning how to talk each others language. It is a surprise that cats can learn how to talk Dog, and dogs can learn how to talk Cat.,Whats interesting is that both cats and dogs have appeared to develop their intelligence.,They can learn how to read each others body signals,suggesting that the two may have more in common than we previously suspected.Once familiar with each others presence and body language, cats and dogs can play together, greet each other nose to nose, and enjoy sleeping together on the sofa. They can easily share the same water bowl and in some cases groom (,梳理,) each other.,The significance of the research on cats and dogs may go beyond pets to people who dont get along, including neighbors, colleagues at work, and even world superpowers.If cats and dogs can learn to get along, surely people have a good chance.,32. Some cats and dogs may fight when _.,they are cold to each other,B. they look away from each other,C. they misunderstood each others signals,D. they are introduced at an early age,33. What is found surprising about cats and dogs?,They eat and sleep each other.,B. They observe each others behaviors.,C. They learn to speak each others language.,D. They know something from each others voices.,34. It is suggested in Paragraph 4 that cats and dogs _,A. have common interests,B. are less different than was thought,C. have a common body language,D. are less intelligent than was expected,_,2011A26,In the animal kingdom, weakness can bring about aggression in other animal. This sometimes happens with humans also.ButI have found that my weakness brings out the