英语句子成分及练习课件

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,#,句子成分,Member of a sentence,*,句子成分由词或词组充当,英语的基本成分有七种：,_,和,_,主语（,subject,）、,谓语（,predicate,）、,表语（,predicative,）、,宾语（,object,）、,定语（,attribute,）、,状语,(adverbial),补语（,complement,）。,主语,S,主语,(Subject),是一个句子所叙述的主体，一般位于句首。表,示句子说的是什么人或什么事,。,但在,there be,结构、疑问句（当主语不是疑问词时）和倒装句中，主语位于谓语、助动词或情态动词后面。主语可由名词、代词、数词、不定式、动名词、名词化的形容词和主语从句等表示。例如：,1.During the 1990s, American country music has become more and more popular.,2.We often speak English in class.,3.One-third of the students in this class are girls.,4.To swim in the river is a great pleasure.,5.Smoking does harm to the health.,6.The rich should help the poor.,（名词）,（代词）,（数词）,（不定式）,（动名词）,（名词化的形容词）,7.When we are going to have an English test has not been decided.,8.It is necessary to master a foreign language.,（主语从句）,（,it,作形式主语，真正的主语为后面的不定式）,谓语,谓语,(Predicate),说明主语所做的动作或具有的特征和状态。,动词在句中作谓语，一般放在主语之后。谓语的构成如下：,1,、简单谓语：由一个动词或动词短语构成。如：,He practices running every morning.,The plane took off at ten oclock.,2,、复合谓语：,（,1,）,由情态动词或其他助动词加动词原形构成。如：,You may keep the book for two weeks.,He has caught a bad cold.,（,2,）由系动词加表语构成。如：,We are students.,注意：谓语与主语在人称与数方面要保持一致。,表语,表语,(Predicative),用以说明主语的性质、特征、状态与身份，,它一般位于系动词之后。表语一般由名词、代词、形容词、数词、 副词、不定式、动名词、分词、介词短语及表语从句表示。例如,：,1.Our teacher of English is an,American,.,（名词）,2.Is it,yours,?,（代词）,3.The weather has turned,cold,.,（形容词）,4.The speech is,exciting.,（分词）,5.Three times seven is,twenty one,?,（数词）,6.His job is,to teach English,.,（不定式）,7.His hobby is,playing football,.,（动名词）,8.The meeting is,of great importance,.,（介词短语）,9.Time is,up,. The class is,over,.,（副词）,10.The truth is,that he has never been abroad,.,（表语从句）,注意：系动词（,Linking verb),用于连接主语和表语，说明主语的状态，性质特征和身份等。,1,）状态系动词用来表示主语状态，只有,be,一词，例如：,He,is,a teacher.,2,）持续系动词用来表示主语继续或保持一种状况或态度，主要有,keep, remain, stay, stand,例如：,He always,keep,silent at meeting.,3,）感官系动词主要有,feel, smell, sound, taste,例如：,This kind of cloth,feels,very soft.,4,）变化系动词表示主语变成什么样，主要有,become, grow, turn, fall, get, go, come, run,.,例如：,He,became,mad after that.,除此之外，还有,prove, turn out, appear, seem,等。,The rumor,proved,false.,His plan,turned,out,a success,.,宾语,宾语（,Object,）表示动作的对象或承受者，一般位于及物动词和介词后面。,例如：,1.They visited an exhibition yesterday.,2.The heavy rain prevented me from coming to school on time.,3.How many dictionaries do you have? I have five.,（名词）,（代词、动名词）,（名词、数词）,4.They helped the old with their housework yesterday.,5.He pretended not to see me.,6.I enjoy listening to popular music.,7.I think,（,that,）,he is fit for his office.,（名词化形容词，名词）,（不定式短语）,（动名词短语）,（宾语从句）,宾语种类：,（,1,）双宾语（间接宾语,+,直接宾语）,Lend me your dictionary, please.,He sent the novel,to,William yesterday.,She bought a gift,for,her mother.,（,2,）复合宾语（宾语,+,宾补）,They elected,him their monitor,.,宾语补足语,英语中有些及物动词，除有一个直接宾语以外，还要有一个宾语补足语（,Object Complement,），才能使句子的意义完整。带有宾语补足语的一般句型为：某些及物动词（如,make,等,+,宾语,+,宾补）。宾补可由名词、形容词、副词、不定式、分词、介词短语和从句充当。例如：,1.His father named him Liu Ming.,2.They painted their boat white.,3.Let the fresh air in.,4.You mustnt force him to lend his money to you.,5.We saw her entering the room.,6.We found everything in the lab in good order.,7.We will soon make our city what your city is now.,（名词）,（形容词）,（副词）,（不定式短语）,（现在分词）,（介词短语）,（从句）,定语,修饰名词或代词的词、短语或从句称为定语,(Attribute),。,1.Guilin is a,beautiful,city.,（形容词,）,2.China is a,developing,country; America is a,developed,country.,（分词,）,3.There are thirty,women,teachers in our school.,（名词）,4.His,rapid progress in English made us surprised.,（代词）,5.Our monitor is always the first,to enter the classroom,.,（不定式短语）,6.The,teaching,plan for next term has been worked out.,（动名词）,7.He is reading an article,about how to learn English,.,（介词短语）,8.Farmers,who saw us,stared at us as if we are walking skeletons.,(,定语从句,),状语,修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子，说明动作或状态特征的句子成分。,从情况,时间,处所,方式,条件,对象,肯定,否定,范围和程度等方面对谓语中心进行修饰或限制,1.Light travels most quickly.,2.He has lived in the city for ten years.,3.He is proud to have passed the national college entrance examination.,（副词及副词性词组）,（介词短语）,（不定式短语）,4.He is in the room making a model plane.,5.Wait a minute.,6.Once you begin, you must continue.,（分词短语）,（名词）,（状语从句）,9,种状语种类如下：,1. How about meeting again,at six,?,2.Last night she didnt go to the dance party,because of the rain,.,3.I shall go there,if it doesnt rain,.,4.Mr Smith lives,on the third floor,.,5.She put the eggs into the basket,with great care,.,（时间状语）,（原因状语）,（条件状语）,（地点状语）,（方式状语）,5. She came in,with a dictionary in her hand,.,6.In order to catch up with the others, I must work harder.,7.He was so tired,that he fell asleep immediately,.,8.She works very hard,though she is old,.,9.I am taller,than he is,.,（伴随状语）,（目的状语）,（结果状语）,（让步状语）,（比较状语）,同位语,（,Appositive,）对前面的名词或代词做进一步的解释，通常由名词、数词、代词或从句担任，如：,This is Mr. Zhou,our headmaster.,We,students,should study hard.,We,all,are students.,插入语,（,Parenthesis,）对一句话做一些附加的解释，通常有,to be honest , I think (suppose, believe-),等，如：,To be frank,I dont quite agree with you.,练习,（一）,.,指出下列句子划线部分是什么句子成分：,1.,The students,got on the,school,bus.,2. He handed,me,the newspaper.,3. I,shall answer,your question,after class.,4. What a,beautiful,Chinese painting!,5. They went,hunting,together,early in the morning,.,S.,Attribute,O.,Predicate,Adverbial,Attribute,Adverbial,Adverbial,6.,His,job is,to train swimmers,.,7. He took,many photos of the palaces,in Beijing,.,8.,There is going to be,an American film,tonight.,9. He,is to leave for Shanghai,tomorrow.,10.,His wish,is,to become a scientist,.,11. He,managed,to finish the work in time,.,12. Tom came,to ask me for advice,.,13. He found,it,important,to master English,.,Attribute,Predicative,O.,Predicate,S.,Predicate,S.,Predicative,Predicate,O.,Adverbial,AO.,RO.,14. Do you have,anything,else,to say,?,15.,To be honest,，,your pronunciation is not,so,good.,16. Would you please tell,me your address,?,17. He sat,there,reading a newspaper.,18.,It,is,our duty,to keep our classroom,clean and tidy,.,19. He noticed a man,enter the room.,20. The apples tasted,sweet.,O.,Attribute,Parenthesis,O.,Adverbial,Adverbial,AS.,Predicative,O.C,.,O.C,.,Predicative,英语句子的基本结构可以归纳成五种基本句型及其扩大、组合、省略或倒装。,掌握这五种基本句型，是掌握各种英语句子结构的基础。,1,： （主谓）,2,： （主系表）,3,： （主谓宾）,4,： （主谓间宾直宾）,5,： （主谓宾宾补）, （不及物动词）,1. The sun,rose.,2. Who,cares?,3. What he said,does not matter.,4. They,talked for half an hour.,5. The pen,writes smoothly,此句型的句子有一个,共同特点,，即句子的谓语,动词,都能表达完整的意思。这类动词叫做不及物动词，,后面可以跟副词、介词短语、状语从句等。, （是系动词） （表语）,1. This,is,an English-Chinese dictionary.,2. The dinner,smells,good.,3. He,fell,in love.,4. Everything,looks,different.,5. He,is growing,tall and strong.,6. Our well,has gone,dry.,7. His face,turned,red.,基本句型 三： （主谓宾）,此句型句子的共同特点是：谓语动词,都具有实义,，,都是主语产生的动作,，但不能表达完整的意思，,必须跟有一个宾语,，即动作的承受者，才能使意思完整。这类动词叫做及物动词。, （及物动词） （宾语）,1. Who,knows,the answer?,2. He,has refused,to help them.,3. He,enjoys,reading.,4. He,said,Good morning.,5. He,admits,that he was mistaken.,基本句型 四： （主谓间宾直宾）,有些及物动词可以有两个宾语。这两个宾语通常一个指人,(,间接宾语,),；一个指物,(,直接宾语,),。,-Give me a cup of tea please.,-Show this house to Mr. Smith.,-Bring it to me, please., （及物） （多指人） （多指物）,She,ordered,herself,a new dress.,2. He,brought,you,a dictionary.,3. I,showed,him,my pictures.,4. I,told,him,that the bus was late.,5. He,showed,me,how to run the machine.,基本句型 五： （主谓宾宾补）,此句型的句子的,共同特点,是：动词虽然是及物动词，但是只跟一个宾语还不能表达完整的意思，必须加上一个补充成分来补足宾语，才能使意思完整。, （及物） （宾语） （宾补）,1. They,painted,the door,green.,2. This,set,them,thinking.,3. They,found,the house,deserted.,4. He,asked,me,to come back soon.,5. I,saw,them,getting on the bus.,a,，, ,b,，, ,c,，, ,d,，, ,e,，, ,1,，,Pleas tell us a story._,2, She smiled._,3. I have a lot work to do._,4. His job is to train swimmers._,5. He noticed a man enter the room._,6. Please look at the picture._,d,a,e,b,e,c,Homework,复习词汇表,P5,写一篇周记：选一件事（至少,100,词，注意书写）；,报纸,2,期完形,+,阅读,+,改错；,周日晚自习查看,收获本,。,Bye-bye !,