高三英语阅读理解猜词技巧[课件]

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,*,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,高考英语阅读解题,方法指导,一、,猜词技巧,设问特点：,1,、从原文中找,单词，短语或句子,设问。,2,、所问词或句与该词该句,常见意思不同,，无法望文生义,只有在具体的,上下文,中才可判断准确。,3,、所考单词有的是,生词,，有的是,旧词新意,。,4,、正确选项的特征是放在原文不仅单句合理，全文也合理。,5,、错误选项或是,字面意思,，或是,故意胡说,。,。,猜测词义题目类型,1.,对考纲外生词的猜测,The underlined word cultivated ( paragraph 1 ) roughly means _.,2.,对考纲内熟词新义的猜测,The underlined word “hit” (paragraph 1 ) roughly means,4.,对句义的猜测,When I got back out into the street, the world seemed brand-new to me. He was something,out of an ancient legend,3.,对代词的猜测,The underlined part “it” (in Para. 4) refers to_.,词义理解题常见的题型有,:,1. The,word,“” refers to / probably means/ could best be replaced by _.,2. What do you think the,expression,“”,stands for?,3. The,underlined sentence,“” means _.,How do you deal with the,unfamiliar words or phrases,while reading?,Ignore them and continue reading,Look them up in the dictionary,Guess the meaning,1.He would _ the gold from his grandma.,2. Unlike his brother, Hobart is quite _.,How to guess the missing words?,Harvey is a thief:,he would _ the gold,from his grandma and not feel guilty.,steal,Unlike his brother,who is truly a handsome,person, Hobart is quite _.,ordinary-looking,plain/homely,Skills for guessing unknown words:,1. The lion has its,“territory”, which is an area that an animal ,usually the male, claims,（声称）,as its own.,“territory” means _,an area( that-own),动物地盘,2. He is a,resolute,man. Once he makes up his,mind to do something, he wont give it up halfway.,The underlined word means_.,A.strong,B. determined C. kind D. clever,定语从句或其后的句子其实是一种定义或解释,技巧归纳,1:,Use _,利用,_,definition or explanation,定义或解释猜测词义,mean, refer to, be called, be known as ,can be defined as, in other words, that is , that is to say,namely,，,be called,，,be identified as,，,to put it differently,括号,引号,破折号，,定语从句,.etc.,Pruning,is important because it encourages the growth of tender shoots(,嫩芽）, or young leaves of trees.,The word “,pruning,” means_,A. Regular cutting of the plants,B. Frequent watering,C. Regular use of chemicals,D. Growing the plants high in the mountain,技巧归纳,2,：,Using_,根据,_,common sense or experience,普通常识和经验,技巧归纳,3:,利用,_,from_,2.The period of,adolescence, the period between childhood and adulthood ,may be long or short.,A,少儿期,B,幼儿期,C,青春期,D,成人,期,同义,/,同位语,similarity/appositive,1. In fact, only about 80,ocelots, an endangered,wild cat, exist in the U.S. today,“,ocelot,” means _,an endangered wild cat,The largest player Shanghai,Bashi,Tourism Car Center offers a wide variety of choices, such as,deluxe sedans, minivans, station wagons, coaches,. Santana sedans are the big favorite of the tourists. ,The underlined words used in the text refer to _.,A. cars in the making B. car rental firms,C. cars for rent D. car makers,技巧归纳,4:,利用,_,举例,from examples,Signal words,：,for example,，,for instance,，,such as,，,like,，,as,，,etc.,技巧归纳,5,：,利用,_,From_,1. The snow was falling. Big,flake,s,drifted(,飘）,with the wind like feathers.,2. Unlike her,gregarious,sister, Jane is a shy person who does not like to go to parties or make new friends.,雪花，雪片,爱交际的,比较或对比,comparison or contrast,Signal words:,as, like, the same as,，,unlike, but,，,however, on the contrary,while,instead,ect,.,技巧归纳,6:,利用,_,From_,(1),Overwork,may cause diseases.,over,（过分的、过量的）,work,overwork“,工作过度”。,(2)There was a,dissatisfied,look in the managers eyes.,dis,“,不”,+ satisfied“,满意的,=dissatisfied “,不满意的”。,构词法（前缀、后缀、复合、派生等）,Word formation,合成,Compounding,转化,Conversion,派生,Derivation,构词法,Word,formation,prefix,suffix,表否定,un-, non-, in-,dis,-,表相反,un-,de-,dis,-,counter-,错误失当,mis,-,mal-, pseudo-,表向背,pro-, anti-,表程度,arch-,super-,ultra-,over-, under-, mini-, semi- ,表时间,pre, fore-, post-,表方位,sub-,inter-,trans-,prefix,decontrol transplant counterattack,解除控制,移植,反击,suffix,-able,（能,的）,-less,（无，不）,wards,（ 向）,-ship,（身份；资格；权力；性质）,-some,（ 易于,的）,hood,（状态；性质；时期）,-,ish,（如,的；有点儿,的）,-proof (,防,的；不能穿透的）,-,scape,（景）,-most (,最,的）,waterproof,streetscape,innermost,speechless,He is said to be “,undersized, with “short legs and a “round stomach”.,（,08,广东卷）,Tales of the,supernatural,are common in all parts of Britain.,（,08,广东卷）,They caught the emotional,landscape,from heartbreak to joy, but share the,undeniable,longing for recovery and hope. (2010,深一模,),派生,Derivation,小尺寸的,;,较矮小的,;,超自然的,风景,不可否认的,He was something out of an ancient legend, his very strange, dusty felt hat, his funny accent from,who-knows-where,（,06,广东卷）,合成,Compounding,谁都不知是什么地方,Great cultural changes led to more open communication and a more democratic process that encourages everyone to have a,say,.,（,08,广东卷）,She,rested,herself against a post close to the tracks,（,09,广东卷）,转化,Conversion,v.,n.,发言，发表意见,n.,v.,倚靠,1. Is he,intelligent,or stupid?,2.Most women in Ghana- the educated and,illiterate,the urban and rural, the young and old- work to earn an income in addition to maintaining their roles as housewives and mothers. Their reputation for economic independence, self-reliance, and hard work is well known and well deserved.,The underlined word “illiterate” in the passage means _.,A. Repeated B. reiterated. C uneducated D. sick,clever,技巧归纳,7:,利用,_,From_,同义词或反义词的关系猜词。,Synonym or Antonym.,1. I feel that since you are my superior,（上司）, it would be,presumptuous,of me to tell you what to do .”,The word “presumptuous” is closest in meaning to “,” .,A,full of respect,B,rude and too confident,C,lacking in experience,D,too shy and quiet,B,技巧归纳,8,： 利用,_,From,_,原因与结果关系猜词,from Cause and Result,Signal words:,because,so, so that,hence, therefore,As a result,as,since, for, thus,The official asked the man what his,occupation,was. The man told him that he worked as an engineer.,A. work B. study,C. name D. interest,技巧归纳,9:,Use_,利用,_,worked as an engineer.,context or related information,上下文的语境,利用上下文,熟词新义,生活常识,找信息词,指代关系,1. When men and women lived by hunting 50,000 years ago, how could they even begin to,picture,modern life?,2. The mayor made an,address,to the citizens at the meeting yesterday.,imagine,speech,（,福建卷）,Rainforests like the Amazon are important for,mopping up,CO,2,from the atmosphere and helping to slow global warming. Currently the trees in the Amazon take in around 500 million tons of CO,2,each year, equal to the total amount of CO,2,giving off in the UK each year.,64.The phrase “ mopping up” in the paragraph means_.,A. cleaning up B. taking in,C. wiping out D. giving out,When I first became a reporter I knew a man who gave up a very well paid respectable job at the Daily Telegraph to go and edit a small weekly newspaper. At the time I was astonished by what appeared to me to be his completely abnormal (,反常的,) mental state. How could anyone,turn his back on,Fleet Street in central London for a small local area?,The underlined phrase “turn his back on” most probably mean _.,A. leave for B. return to,C. give up D. rely on,(,全国卷,I) If your child is unwilling to discuss something, dont insist he tell you whats on his mind. The more you insist, the more likely that hell,clam up,.,69. What does the phrase “clam up” in Paragraph 2 probably mean?,A. become excited B. show respect,C. refuse to talk D. seek help,As a woman, I feel unsafe here. I spend a bomb on taxis because I will not take public transport after 10 p. m. I used to use,it,but now Im afraid. (14,广东卷,),58. The underlined part “it” refers to_.,A. a taxi B. the money,C. a bomb D. public transport,this ,that, it, them, one,等代词指代内容一般是在此词的前面,理解上下文特别是上句的意识和本句的意思是解题的关键,.,猜词技巧,Tips for guessing the meaning of words,1.,利用,定义或解释,2.,利用,普通常识和经验,3.,利用,同义,/,同位语,4.,利用,举例,5.,利用,比较或对比,6.,利用,构词法（前缀、后缀、复合、派生等）,7.,利用,同义词或反义词,8.,利用,原因与结果关系猜词,9.,利用,上下文的语境,1 .,A good teacher works in quite a different way. His,audience,take an active part in his play: they ask and answer questions, they obey orders, and if they dont understand something, they say so.,The word “audience” in the paragraph means _.,A.students,B. people who watch a play,C. people who act on the stage,D. people who listen to something,常识,teacher-students,2. When some kind of pain killer(,止痛药）,was brought out recently, researchers found that,the,colours,turned the customers off,because they made the product look weak and ineffective,（无效的）,.,The underlined part “the,colours,turned the customers off” means that the,colours,_,Attracted the customers strongly,Had weak effects on the customers,Tricked the customers into shopping,Caused the customers to lose interest,D,因果关系,because,3.,Collins decided that she must go, although the,hazards,of the trip were many, for example, the unbearable heat , the possibility of getting lost , the presence of wild animals and poisonous snakes .,“,hazard,” means _,A. pleasure, B. problem, C. danger, D. attraction,C,举例,for example,4.,In a culture which values only the winner and pays no attention to the ordinary players, they strongly blame competition. Among,the most vocal,are youngsters who have suffered under competitive pressures from their parents or society,The underlined phrase “,the most vocal,” means_,Those who try their best to win,Those who value competition most highly,Those who are against competition most strongly,Those who rely on others most for success,C,上下文语境,context or related information,5. Without examinations, employers will look for employees from the highly respected schools and from families known to them,a form of,favoritism,will replace equality. The word,“favoritism,is used to describe the phenomenon that _. A. bright children also need certificates to get satisfying jobs B. children from well-respected schools tend to have good jobs C. poor children with certificates are favored in job markets D. children attending ordinary schools achieve great success,破折号（定义或同位语）,6 .,Grown-ups also have a sense of,object permanence,. That is to say, if we put a box in a room and lock the door, the box will still be there when we come back.,“Object permanence” means that when out of sight, an object _,Still exists B. keeps its shape,C. Still stays solid D. is beyond reach,A,1.,定义,definition,that is to say,也就是说,2.,构词法,permanent,permanence,7. A childs birthday party doesnt have to be a,hassle,; instead, it can be a basket of fun, according to Beth,Anaclerio, an,Evaston,mother of two, ages 4 and 18 months.,What does the underlined word hassle“ probably mean?,A. a party designed by specialists,B. a plan requiring careful thought C. a situation causing difficulty or trouble D. a demand made by guests,比较,comparison,(instead,相反,反而,),8. William Shakespeare said.,“The web of our life is of a,mingled,yarn,（纱线），,good and ill together.”,The underlined word “mingled”,most probably means,.,A,simple B,mixed,C,sad D,happy,B,definition or explanation,定义或解释猜测词义,9. The house looked quite normal outside, but inside it was very,exotic,with fascinating objects on display. As he began putting them into his bag, a god came into the room. It stopped when it saw Buster, then wagged its tail madly and went over to him, licking his outstretched hand. “Good boy,” Buster whispered. “What a great guard dog you are - trying to lick me to death.”,Which of the definitions is closest in meaning to the word “exotic” ?,A Messy and untidy.,B. Rich and expensive.,C. Comfortable and calming,D. Unusual and foreign.,对比,contrast,normalbut-unusual,10.,Lions are,opportunists,. They prefer to eat without having to do too much work. When resting in the shade, they are also watching the sky to see what is flying by, and even in the heat of the day they will suddenly start up and run a mile across the plains to find out what is going on. If another animal has made a kill, they will drive it off and take the kill for themselves.,By describing lions as “,opportunists,”, the author means to say that lions _.,A. are cruel animals,B. are clever animals,C. Like to take advantage of,（利用）,other animals,D. Like to take every chance to eat,构词法及下文解释,opportunity-,ist,Practice in the passage,11. He had been getting better but during the night his condition,deteriorated,.,Get worse,12.The animal with the,longevity,is the giant land tortoise which can live several hundreds years.,长寿,13. They are,vertebrates, that is, animals have backbones.,文中“,vertebrates”,的意思是,_,脊椎动物,14. She did not hear what you said because she was completely,engrossed,in her reading.,concentrate/focus her attention on,15. But sometimes,，,no rain falls for a long,，,long time. Then there is a dry period,，,or,drought,.,A long period of shortage of rainfall,16. Do you have any strong opinion on,co-educational,or single-sex schools?,co,（共同的）,-education-al,男女同校教育的,17.,Those new comers were not used to the life in the,suburbs,which was so different from that inside the city.,country,Ex2: ,“The Dave you saw on TV was the real Dave,” says friend Pat Williams, “He wasnt a great actor or a great speaker.,He was just Joe Everybody,.”,74. “He was just Joe Everybody.” ( in the last paragraph) means _.,A. Dave was famous,B. Dave was ordinary,C. Dave was showy,D. Dave was shy,Ex3: And if youve gathered your friends around you to rebuild a happy family atmosphere(,气氛,), you may fear that saying no will bring back the kind of,conflict,you grew up with-or destroy the nice atmosphere you now enjoy,The underlined word conflict means _.,dependent life,fierce fight,C. bad manners,D. painful feeling,Ex.4: Provide,incentive,. Tell your children the importance of saving. “For every dollar he or she agrees to save and invest rather than spend, you agree to add another dollar to the pot,” says Cathy Pareto, expert in money planning.,The underlined word “incentive” in this paragraph means _.,A Honor B. praise,C. excitement D. encouragement,Practice,Mark Twain was not the authors real name; it was a,pseudonym,.,2. But sometimes,，,no rain falls for a long,，,long time. Then there is a dry period,，,or,drought,.,a pen name.,A long period of shortage of rainfall,The house stood at the end of a quiet neat street. The little,dwelling,however,looked,neglected and cheerless.,福建卷,) For an answer, I checked with Tim Flannery, author of,The Weather Makers: How Man Is Changing the Climate and What It Means for Life on Earth.,In his book, he had challenged readers to make deep cuts in personal emissions to keep the world from reaching extremely important,tipping points, such as the melting,（融化）,of the ice sheets in Greenland or West Antarctica. “To stay below that point, we need to reduce CO2 emissions by 80 percent,” he said.,73. The underlined words “tipping points” most probably refer to,A. freezing points B. burning points,C. melting points D. boiling points,such as,(,广东卷,) “Unlike vitamin C, leadership skills cant be easily swallowed down. They must be carefully,cultivated,.” Different from popular belief, most good leaders are made, not born. They learn their skills in their everyday lives. But which do they develop? How do they (and how can you) get others to follow?,The underlined word roughly means _.,A. encouraged B. compared,C. examined D. developed,(,广东卷）,Each of the guests made a particular fuss over Kelly, the youngest one, admiring her dress, her hair and her smile. They said she was a remarkable girl to be carrying coats upstairs at her age. I thought to myself that we adults usually,make a big “to do” over,the younger one because shes the one who seems more easily hurt.,The underlined expression “make a big “to do” over means _.,A. show much concern about,B. have a special effect on,C. list jobs to be done for,D. do good things for,because,(,年四川卷）,Please stay on permitted paths. Otherwise you may destroy desert plants.,Pack out what you pack in, so you leave no signs of your visit. It is important to keep in mind that you are in a national park where wildlife exists.,What does the underlined words “pack out what you pack in” probably mean? _,A. keep everything out of campgrounds,B. take away everything you bring in,C. carry all the necessary food,D. look after your personal belongings,(2009,江西卷,)New archaeological discovers suggest that trade between Europe and Asia along the Silk Road probably began in some form many countries earlier than once thought. The findings,coupled,with a widening range of scientific and historical research could add a fascinating new page to the epic of the Silk Road.,72. The word “coupled” in the first paragraph could best be replaced by,.,A. produced B. contributed,C. doubled D. combined,We studied the board critically. Some of us looked with one eye and held up certain colors against the blackboard, rocking the sheets to the right or left while we,conjured up,our designs. Others twisted their hair around their fingers or chewed their erasers while deep in thought.,（,2009,广东卷）,47. The underlined phrase in paragraph 3 most probably means_,A. formed an idea for,B. made an outline for,C. made some space for,D. chose some colors for,(,年四川卷,)Honesty comes in many forms. First theres self-honesty. Is what people see the real article or do you,appear through smoke and mirrors,? I find that if I try to be something Im not , I feel unsure of myself and take out a part from my,PBA(personal,bank account ).,49. The underlined part “appear through smoke and mirrors” in the first paragraph means “,”.,A. to be honest,B. to be unreal,C. to become clear,D. to come from an imagined world,or,(,年全国卷,II) Having a husband means an extra seven hours of housework each week for women, according to a new study. For men, getting married saves an hour of housework a week. “Its a,well-known pattern,” said lead researcher Frank Stafford at University of Michigans Institute for Social Research. “Men usually work more outside the home, while women take on more of the housework.”,45. According to the “well-known pattern” in Paragraph 1, a married man_.,takes on heavier work,B. does more housework,C. is the main breadwinner,D. is the master of the house,(,年安徽卷,),This action affects the environment as a whole,For example,，,a lot of carbon dioxide in the air comes from burning the rainforests,People obviously have a need for the resources we gain from cutting trees but we will suffer much more than we will benefit.,There are two main reasons for,this,Firstly,，,when people cut down trees,，,generally they can only use the land for a year or two,Secondly,，,73,What does the word “this” underlined in the third paragraph refer to?,A,We will lose much more than we can gain,B,Humans have begun destroying rainforests,C,People have a strong desire for resources,D,Much car