英语词汇教学方法

,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,初中英语词汇教与学,调查内容,选,“,是,”,的学生比例,1,死记硬背,34.62%,2,根据字母组合,55.03%,3,根据读音规则,68.05%,4,用联想、比较的方法,36.98%,5,把单词放入句子中,27.81%,6,只用早读时间记单词,60.36%,7,常用早读和睡前记单词,26.63%,8,常翻英语词典,35.80%,一、词汇教学的现状及存在的问题,（一）单元词汇教学不分主次，不分顺序，平均分配时间， 造成学生词汇记忆负担过重，词汇教学效率低下。,（二）词汇教学求深而不求广，导致学生的词汇量难以有效扩展。,（三）词汇教学方法单一，缺乏语境，导致学生学得快，忘得也快。,（四）词汇教学缺乏学习策略指导，不利于培养学生的独立学习能力。,（五）词汇教学重记忆、轻运用，不利于培养学生的语言运用能力。,二、词汇教学攻略,（一）理解词汇教学的内容及意义,（二）明确词汇教学的五个特征,（三）掌握词汇教学的方法,（四）词汇教学的模式,（一）理解词汇教学的内容及意义,新课程标准明确规定了词汇教学的目标和要求：培养学生根据语境或构词法知识推测词义和理解句意的能力。培养学生在阅读时能够准确的掌握同根词或多义词在文中的意思并准确地理解文章。使学生学到规定数量的单词，掌握学习词汇和快速记忆单词的方法。,具体内容包括以下几个方面：,1.,语域,2,搭配,3,派生,4,语法规则,5,意义,What does it mean to know a word?,indi,v.,享受，喜欢,英文释义：,get pleasure from,【,词形变化,】,名词,: enjoyment,动词过去式,: enjoyed,动词过去分词,: enjoyed,动词现在分词,: enjoying,动词第三人称单数,: enjoys,副词,: enjoyably,形容词,: enjoyable,enjoy,【,语法用法,】,enjoy,后可接名词，代词，反身代词或动名词，但不能接不定式。,I enjoy hunting.,We enjoyed the holidays.,We enjoyed ourselves during the holidays.,【,词义辨析,】,like, love, prefer, enjoy,这些动词都有“喜欢、喜爱”之意。,like:,最常用词，往往只表不太强烈的兴趣或关注，不带强烈的感情，除非另加修饰语。,love:,不但表示强烈的喜欢，而且含依恋之情，因此多用于能激起深厚情感的人或物。,enjoy:,指对能提供感观或智力上满足或快乐的东西表示欣赏或喜爱。,prefer:,指有选择性或偏向性的喜欢。,例句与用法：,I enjoy singing, much more listening to music.,我喜欢唱歌，更不用说听音乐了。,Now that I am free, I can enjoy music for a while.,既然有空，我可以享受一下音乐。,How did you enjoy the concert?,你喜欢那场音乐会吗？,（二）明确词汇教学的六个特征：,1,词句结合，词篇结合，在语境中深化。,2,以新带旧，以旧学新，温故而知新。,3,学以致用，学用结合，在运用中掌握。,4,训练策略，形成习惯，培养自主学习能力。,5,课内课外并举，拓展词汇学用渠道。,6,科学记忆，循序渐进，提高词汇学习效率。,（三）掌握词汇教学的方法,1,直观法,8,、自主探究法,2,演示法,9,、归类记忆法,3,表演法,10,、猜词法,4,语境法,11,、英文解释法,5,联想法,12,、构词法,6,图解法,13,、翻译法,7,游戏法,14,、词典法,直观法,1,、运用实物,2,、运用照片和图片,3,、运用简笔画,利用多媒体课件,dinosaur,elephant,koala,dolphin,panda,penguin,How to make a milk shake?,Can you tell me how to make a banana milk shake?,1,._,2,._,3,._,4,._,5,._,6,._,the bananas.,the bananas.,the bananas and ice cream into the blender,the milk into the blender.,the blender.,the milk shake.,Peel,Cut up,Put,Pour,Turn on,Drink,2,演示法,(enough ),例,1,：,I am strong enough to break the branch.,Who is strong enough to break the branch? Who isnt strong enough to break it?,演示法,例,2,：教学,How do you make a banana milk shake,这一单元的生词时，教师准备了香蕉、牛奶、水果刀、榨汁机等，边说边演示。,First,Peel,3 bananas.,Then,cut,them,up,.,Next,put,them,into,the blender.,Next,pour,the yogurt,into,the blender.,Next,turn on,the blender.,Finally, drink it.,peel,the banana,Cut up,the bananas,Pour,the milk,into,the blender,Turn on,the blender,the milk shake,Drink,3,表演法,open, close, run, Jump, eat, sleep,happy, sad, surprised,get on well with each other,get on badly with each other,4,语境法,Lazy,borrow,Water!,“,我渴，能给我点水吗？”,“当心，地上有水”,“洪水来啦”,Bright,What a bright sunny day!,A bright boy learn fast.,Her face was bright with happiness.,The garden is bright with flowers.,Be right in the eyes.,Bright red,Bright green,Bright yellow,die,Im dying to see you!,He is dying of hunger.,The flowers are dying.,5,联想法,（,1,）归类联想,交通类：,bus, car, traffic,水果类：,beach, pear, cherry,食品类：,noodle, beef, porridge,饮品类：,Soda, ice cream, meat,文具类：,stationery, eraser,餐名类：,meal, dinner, lunch,（,2,）近义、反义联想,expensivedear easydifficult,warmcool sunnycloudy,（,3,）上下义联想,（,4,）词缀联想,carecareful, careless, carefully,happyhappily, unhappy, happiness,（,5,）拆字联想,often: of/ten blackboard: black/board,（,6,）语音联想,清浊音联想：,close ,kl,ous, ,klo,uz,长短音联想：,lead ,li:d, led,同音联想：,won, one,拟音联想：,bar,吧,（,7,）语义联想,desert,camel, sand, strong wind, sandstorm, hot, dry, little rain, few plants, vast land, wasteland, small population, beautiful, dangerous, get lost,Light,，“电灯”，电灯会发光，所以有“光线”的意思，有了光线就明亮了，从而还有“明亮”的意思。,Change,，嫦娥奔月，改变了她的命运 。,Business,，公共汽车里面一只鹅和两条蛇正在谈生意 。,Earth,，地球上的人用耳朵听话。,Island,，岛屿是大海中的一片陆地。,（八）趣味联想,6,、图解法,on the case,under the case,next to the case,behind the case,in the case,Go straight,Turn right,Turn left,（,1,）倒金字塔帮你排忧解难,表示数量的形容词、名词和代词连用图解,（,2,）表示可能性程度的形容词图示法,（,3,）图解频度副词的百分比,always usually often sometimes seldom never,100% 90% 60% 30% 1% 0%,（,4,）,at ( in, on) the corner,等四组词图解,at the corner, in the corner, on the corner,（,5,）,in the tree, on the tree,（,6,）代词教学,one,another,the,other,some,others,one the other,one another,some the others,7,游戏法,close your eyes, put up your hands kick your foot,clap, shake, wave nod,实例教学一,游戏名称：记单词竞赛,教学目的：巩固复习近阶段学过的单词，培养形象思考能力、反应能力和观察力。,游戏说明：老师将要考查的单词卡放在讲台上，并将全班分成,AB,组，每组每次各选派代表到前台抽取一张单词卡。学生代表认出单词后，可以用图画、手势、表情等各种方法来表现一个单词的形象或一个单词的含义，本组学生通过看和听，同时读出该单词，正确者累计得分。,实例教学二,词汇学习：数词,教学目的：巩固数词的学习，训练对数词的表达和反应能力,游戏说明：将全班分成八组，要老师用纸条写出八组数字，每组派代表到前面抽取一张，不看，交给老师，老师小声读出数字，学生默记在心，然后小声用英语读给本组的下一个学生听，最后一名学生听后，马上跑到黑板上写出那组数字，看谁写得又快又对，累计得分,实例教学三,游戏名称：描述猜词,词汇学习：任何实物类词汇,教学目的：培养学生解词、猜词能力和协作精神。,游戏说明：两人配合做该游戏，通过多媒体播放不同的实物图片，甲生背向屏幕，乙生看图用英文描述该物品，甲生猜测屏幕上显示的是何物。要求乙生不能直接说该物品的名称。,Guess,S1: Is it a noun or a verb?,S2: Its a noun.,S1: Where can we find it, inside school or outside school?,S3: Outside school.,S1: What shape is it?,S4: Its round.,S1: What is it for?,S5: It is a kind of food.,S1: Western food or Chinese food?,S6: Western food.,S1: Is it popular here?,S7: Yes, quite popular. Most young people like it very much.,S1: Is it “hamburger”?,S7: Yes, you are right. Its “hamburger,8,、自主探究法,（,1,）自主学习词汇,（,2,）开展词汇的探究性学习,(3),开展词汇的合作学习,S,1,：,graduate,S,2,：,Alice graduated from Beijing university 3 years ago.,S,3,：,What did he do after he graduated?,S,4,：,As a graduate, she often helped some children with their studies.,9,、归类记忆法,常用词组归类,动词词组,take a rest,take exercise take photos,take a bus,take me to .,Take the third left.,take medicine,介词词组：,in front of, across from, at home, at school,习惯表达：,Here you are. Have a good trip. Can I help you,名词词组：,a pair of, a bottle of, a cup of, Chinese food,同义词,pencil box-pencil case , cab-taxi, bike-bicycle , mittens-mitts, telephone-phone softly-quietly.,反义词,clean-dirty , wet-dry, first-last, go-come , put on take off , loud-quiet, hard-soft ,slow- fast,主题归类,运用头脑风暴,farm,houses,trees,farmers,animals,plants,hills,rivers,Farm tools,apple trees,cows,sheep,chickens,dogs,vegetables,wheat,rice,tractors,What can robots do ?,humans, snake,huge arm, spider,homework,play with me,play football,What can,robots look,like?,超级链接,dangerous,more intelligent,stronger,Bad,Good,homework,housework,play with me,look for people,unpleasant jobs,walk and dance,talk,意义归类,adventure,dangerous rough astonishing,tiringwild risky,excitinguncomfortable,意义归类,Action movie,Horror movie,Science fiction,MOVIE,Comedy,Cartoon,Documentary,意义归类,(die),He has pass away.,He is no more.,He is no longer with us .,His time has come.,He is resting in peace.,He is sleeping with his fathers.,He has gone west.,He has none out of this world.,He has gone to the better world.,10,、猜词法,通过因果关系猜词,You shouldnt have,blamed,him for that, for it wasnt his fault,All his attempts to unlock the door was,futile,because he was using the wrong key.,通过同义词和反义词的关系猜词,.,He is so,homely, not at all as handsome as his brother.,In the ancient city of Rome , we visited every,mansion, church, battle site, theatre and other public halls.,Twelve-year-old Sally was an active girl. But her sister was quite,sedate.,通过构词法猜词,dis-im-un,-,表否定,ful-less-ous,-,是形容词后缀等。,要求学生掌握一些常用的词根、前缀、后缀等语法知识。如,dis,-,im,- un-,表否定；,-,ful,less ,ous,是形容词后缀等。,He has,renamed,the restaurant “Paradise,通过定义或释义关系来推测词义,定义或释义常用,is, or, that is, in other words, be called,或破折号等来表示。,A,calendar,is a list of the days ,weeks, months of a particular year.,The,herdsman, who looks after sheep, earns about 650yuan a year.,通过上下文来推测词义,Chicken becomes,rotten,very quickly. It can go bad in a refrigerator if left there for more than a week.,通过描述猜词,Its very big and heavy. It has a long nose and big ears. What is it?,11,、英文解释法,同义词、近义词或反义词解释词,dumbIf,you are dumb, you cannot speak.,prettybeautiful,dullboring,dangerousnot,safe,下定义法,Snake-wild animal, long, soft, legless, dangerous, poison,词汇互释,Lately-if something has happened lately, it has happened recently,12,、构词法,（,1,）合成，即由两个或更多的词合成一个词。例如：,pea(,豌豆）,nuts,（坚果）,- peanut,（花生）,（,2,）派生，即加前缀或后缀构成另一个词，,happy-unhappy,（加前缀）,happiness,（加后缀）,（,3,）转化 例如：,picture (n),画,-picture (v),描绘,water (N),水,-water,（,v),浇水,13,、翻译法,翻译法就是将英语单词的意思直接翻译成汉语。翻译法比较适用于那些不便用直观法、表演法和构词法等教学的词汇，尤其是一些专业术语或表示抽象概念的词汇，如,basic, challenge, the present perfect tense,和,the passive voice,等。,14,、词典法,让学生将一组单词按字母顺序排列，这是查词典的基本能力；用比赛的方式让学生在词典中快速查找单词，以训练他们查词典的能力；要求学生根据上下文快速选择单词的词义，训练他们正确理解文章和准确选择词义的能力。,