一般过去时的被动语态

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,Unit 9,Grammar,Vocabulary,1,I. Grammar,Language focus P147,一般过去时的被动语态,概念：,被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。在以下三种情况下，常用被动语态。 1） 强调动作的承受者，而不强调施动者。 2） 不必提及施动者。 3） 不知道施动者。,详见书本,P148,2,eg.,1) Was the song,composed by a soldier,?,这首歌是由一名士兵创作的吗?,2),Such books,were written,for children.,以前这种书是儿童读物。,3),We,were shown,the machines they had turned out.,他们让我们参观了他们生产的机器。,3,Language focus P151,构词法,（详见,P151）,4,Language focus P153,对主语和宾语提问的疑问词,1） 疑问代词,who,在疑问词中充当主语，对主语提问不用助动词。,形式,：,who +,谓语动词 + 其它成分? 2） 疑问代词,what / whom,在疑问词中充当宾语，对宾语提问要用助动词。,形式,：,what +,助动词 + 动词原形 + 其它成分?,5,eg.,1),Who,left?,谁离开了?,2),Who,gave you that book?,谁给你的那本书？,3),What,are you having for dinner?,你晚饭吃什么?,4),What,did she say?,她说什么了?,5),Whom,did you meet in the street yesterday?,昨天你在街上遇见了谁?,6,Language focus P156,动名词,概念：,1）动名词具有名词的功能，可以起相当于名词的作用。 2）它与其它动词非谓语形式一样，也具有动词的某些特征，可以有自己的宾语和状语，并可同它的宾语、状语等一起构成动名词短语。,形式：,动词原形 ,ing,7,动名词的句法作用,1. 作主语,A),动名词作主语也可以用先行词,it,作形式主语，而把动名词短语置于后部。这种用法通常见于：,Its no use (useless, no good, nice, fun,等) + -,ing，,或,There is no use + - ing。,B),动名词和不定式作主语在意义上有一定的差别: 通常动名词泛指一般动作，而不定式表示具体动作。,8,eg.,1),Traveling by train,is more comfortable than by bus.,与汽车相比，乘火车更舒适。,2),It is no use,talking so much about this,.,这种事多说也无济于事。,9,动名词和不定式的区别,1),Selling old houses,is difficult.,卖老房子是困难的。,(泛指一般动作),2),To sell my old house,is difficult.,把我的老房子卖出去是很难的。,(谈论一个特定的动作),10,2. 作宾语和介词的宾语 (有些动词后面只能接动名词作宾语，不能接动词不定式。例如：,suggest, avoid, enjoy, admit ,mind, consider ),eg.,1) The boys avoided,fighting,.,男孩子们避免了斗殴。,2),He suggested,going out for a walk,.,他建议出去走走。,3),She is,good at telling lies,.,她很会撒谎。,4),Before driving any of the buses, they will have to pass a special test.,在驾驶公共汽车前, 他们必须通过专门测验。,11,连词,If,引导的真实条件,，,概念：,1) 条件状语表示“如果，那么”， 这种条件是可以实现的。 2),if,引导的从句位于主句之前时，要用逗号。在主句之后则不用逗号。 3) 如果条件状语是将来时, 只能用一般现在时表示。,形式：,从句：,If,主语 + 谓语（一般现在时），,主句：,主语 +,will/wont（,情态动词）+ 动词 原形,12,eg.,1) You may stay here,if you keep quiet,.,如果你保持安静你可以待在这儿。,2),If I have time, Ill go to the meeting together with you.,如果我有空，我将和你一起去开会。,3),If that is true, what should we do?,假设那是真的我们该怎么办呢?,4),She will play the piano,only if she is paid,.,只有付给她报酬，她才愿意演奏钢琴,13,II. Vocabulary,Activity 1,in honor of ,= in ones honor,为了（纪念或表示敬意而举行某活动）,eg.,I have cooked a special meal in honor of our visitors.,我做了一道特殊的菜向我们的来客表示敬意。,2),A memorial meeting was held in his honor.,举办了纪念会以悼念他。,14,worth,prop./a. 1),价值的，顶得上,eg.,1),This,is a car,worth $20,，,000,.,价值2万美元的一辆小汽车。,2),How,much is this toy,worth,? That toy is,worth little,.,这玩具值多少钱？这个玩具不值钱。,3),A bird,in the hand is,worth two in the bush,.,双鸟在林不如一鸟在手。,15,compete for,v.,to strive with another or others to attain a goal (,和)争夺；力争获取,eg.,1),He was clever enough to,compete for,the mathematics scholarship.,他很聪明，完全能获得数学奖学金。,2),These young men,compete for,the silver medal.,这些年轻人争夺银牌。,16,name,v. to give a name to:,给以名字：,eg.,1),We named the child after both grandparents.,我们以孩子祖父母的名字给他取名。,2),The boy,was named George after,his uncle.,那孩子随他舅父的名子取名乔治。,17,represent,v. to stand for; symbolize:,代表代表；象征：,eg.,1) The bald eagle,represents,the United States.,秃鹰象征了美国。,2),These stones,represent,armies.,那些石头代表部队。,18,stage,v.to arrange and carry out:,发起；举行，上演,eg.,1),Next year shanghai,will stage a boxing match,.,明年上海将进行一台拳击比赛。,2),Our school,stages a play,every year.,我们学校每年上演一台戏,19,Activity 12,bid (for),v./n.,offer or propose (an amount) as a price.,出 价，投标,eg.,1),He bid $5 for an old book.,他为一本旧书出价5美元。,2),Park wants to sell his farm, and he has already had,two large bids for it,.,帕克想卖掉他的农场，并且已经有两个出大价的买主。,20,in advance,ahead of time; beforehand.,提前；预先,eg.,1),They used to pay the rent in advance.,他们老是预付房钱的。,2),I received one months salary in advance.,我得预支一个月得薪水。,21,(,have an/the) effect on,n.,the result of a particular influence,影响；效果；作用,eg.,1),The medicine,had the effect of m,aking,me sleep.,我吃了这种药想睡觉。,2),This,had a great effect on,on the future of both mother and son.,这件事对母亲和孩子的未来都有极大的影响,。,22,