国际贸易业务知识讲座Incoterm 2000

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,2007-6-13,*,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,*,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,国际贸易业务知识讲座Incoterm 2000,几个需要明确的基本概念,国际贸易、对外贸易、进出口贸易、过境贸易,逐笔贸易、易货贸易、寄售、租赁、拍卖,一般贸易、加工贸易,国际贸易商、国际贸易代理,关境、单独关境、国境,自由贸易政策、保护贸易政策,关税、正常关税、优惠税率,2007-6-13,2,国际贸易的特点,流程复杂,难度高,风险大,2007-6-13,3,进出口贸易基本业务程序,出口业务基本程序,市场调研,客户确定及信用调查,询盘,交易条件磋商（发盘与接受）,书面合同签订,合同履行,：备货、报验、运输保险安排、装运、已装运通知、 制单结汇,争议处理,2007-6-13,4,进出口贸易基本业务程序,进口业务基本程序,市场调查,供货商选择及信用调查,交易条件磋商（发盘与接受）,书面合同签订,合同履行,：,进口许可、支付安排、运输保险、付款赎单、,报验、报关纳税,、提货,争议及其处理,2007-6-13,5,讲座主要内容,贸易术语和价格,支付方式,贸易单据,2007-6-13,6,I 贸易术语和价格,什么是贸易术语？,INCOTERMS,FOB, CIF, CFR,正确选用贸易术语,2007-6-13,7,一,、,贸易术语？,贸易术语,（Trade Terms ）,贸易条件，价格术语或价格条件,（,Price terms）,交货条件,（Delivery Terms）,销售条件,（Sales terms）,2007-6-13,8,贸易术语是一个,简短的概念,或,三个英文字母缩写,，用以,说明两个问题,：,将货物从一国运往另一国的期间将产生的一系列,责任在买卖双方之间的划分,。这些责任主要表现在：,1、手续的办理,（,procedures,）,2、费用的支付,（,costs or charges,）,3、风险的承担,（,risks,）,4、交货地点,（,point of delivery,）,商品价格的构成,不同的贸易术语，其价格构成是不同的,贸易术语代表的含义,2007-6-13,9,二、INCOTERMS,International Chamber of Commerce & INCOTERMS,1936,1953,1967,1976,198014,199013,200013,2007-6-13,10,INCOTERMS 2000,Group E Departure,EXW,Ex Works (named place),卖方责任最小,2007-6-13,11,INCOTERMS 2000,Group F Main Carriage unpaid,FCA,Free Carrier (named place),FAS,Free Alongside Ship (named,port of shipment),FOB,Free On Board (,named port of,shipment),2007-6-13,12,INCOTERMS,2000 CTN.,Group C Main Carriage Paid,CFR,Cost and Freight (named port of destination),CIF,Cost, Insurance and Freight,(named port of destination),CPT,Carriage Paid to (named place of,destination),CIP,Carriage And Insurance Paid to,(named place of Destination),2007-6-13,13,INCOTERMS,2000 CTN.,Group D Arrival,DAF,Delivered At Frontier (named place),DES,Delivered Ex Ship (named port of,destination),DEQ,Delivered Ex Quay (named port of,destination),DDU,Delivered Duty Paid (named place,of destination),DDP,Delivered Duty Paid (named place of,destination),卖方责任最大,2007-6-13,14,INCOTERMS,2000 CTN.,费用点（point of costs）,关键点 ,风险点(point of risks)=交货点(point of,delivery),E、F、D组术语下，费用点和风险点是一致的，而C组术语的费用点和风险点是不一致的，其费用（运费和保险费）将延伸至目的港/地，但风险点是在装运港/地。,2007-6-13,15,INCOTERMS 2000 CTN.,Cargo Movement,in the Sellers,Premise,Customs,EXW,FCA/CPT/CIP,FAS,FOB /CFR/ CIF,2007-6-13,16,INCOTERMS 2000 CTN,Cargo Movement,in the Buyers Location,Customs,DES,DEQ,DDU,/ DDP,?,2007-6-13,17,三、FOB, CIF, CFR,FOB.named port of shipment,CIF.named port of destination,CFR.named port of destination,FOB 9146%,CIF 88 32%,CFR 63 11%,EXW 69 65%,FCA 39 16%,2007-6-13,18,FOB 最常用的贸易术语,装运港船上交货（指定装运,港,），又称船上交货（指定装运,港,）,按FOB 成交的价格，通常称为FOB 价，船上交货价，或,离岸价,。,FOB的英文全称FREE ON BOARD,FOB SHANGHAI/ FOB TIANJIN,2007-6-13,19,FOB in details CNT.,卖方义务：,1.,卖方必须在约定的期限内，在指定的装运港，将合同规定的货物交至买方指定的船上、发已装运通知,3.自担费用和风险，取得任何出口许可证或其他官方文件，并在需要办理海关手续时，办理出口货物所需的一切海关手续,。,买方义务,:,1.,自付费用订立从指定的装运港运输货物的合同，通知卖方船名、装货点和时间等。,2.,承担货物越过船舷以后的一切风险和费用,3.自担费用和风险，取得任何进口许可证或其他官方文件，并在需要办理海关手续时，办理进口货物所需的一切海关手续,4.支付合同规定的价款、受领货物、收取交货凭证。,2007-6-13,20,FOB:,1）,租船、订舱，支付运费买方,2) 交货地点装运港船舷（船上）,3) 风险划分点装运港船舷(船上）,4) 费用划分点装运港船舷,5) 出口清关手续卖方,6）进口清关手续买方,7) 提交的单据商业发票及证明已交货 的通常单据,2007-6-13,21,FOB:,证明已交货的通常单据：可转让的提单、不可转让的海运单、内河运单或多式联运单据。,实际业务中，通常被要求提交的是：可转让的、已装船、清洁提单。,2007-6-13,22,FOB术语中买卖双方承担的费用结构比较,卖方,货物越过船舷之前的一切费用,清关费用,已装船通知、交单费用,包装费用、法定检验费用,Product price,inland transport and insurance charges,packing charges,charges of customs clearance,overheads,interests on loan,commission,profit,为何进口应多作FOB贸易术语？,2007-6-13,23,FOB价格结构-,离岸价=进货成本+国内费用+利润,产品加工整理费用,包装费用,保管费用,国内运输、保险费用,证件费用（商检、公证、领事签证、产地证、许可证、报关单等费用）,装船费用（装船、起吊和驳船费用）,银行费用（贴现利息、手续费用）,邮电、招待费用,预计耗损（耗损、短损、漏损、破损、变质等）,关税等税费,佣金、利润等,2007-6-13,24,FOB价格结构-,离岸价=进货成本+国内费用+利润,2007-6-13,25,CIF In Details,成本加保险费、运费（指定,目的港,）又称,装运港交货，保险费、运费在内,按CIF成交的价格，通常称为CIF价，或保险费、运费在内价，也有称为到岸价，但,将CIF 价称为到岸价是不正确的,。,CIF的英文全称为“COST,INSURANCE AND FREIGHT.Named Port of Destination”,CIF LONDON, CIF OSAKA,2007-6-13,26,CIF买卖双方主要义务,卖方（ seller),1、提供合同规定的货物.在合同规定的装运期限内在装运港将货物交至运往指定目的港的船上，并给予买方充分的通知,2、,租船/订舱，支付运费,3、,办理货运保险，支付保险费,4、承担货物越过船舷以前的一切费用和风险,5、办理出口清关手续，取得出口许可证和/或其他证件，支付出口关税和/或其他费用,6、提供,有关单据,买方（buyer),1、承担货物在装运港越过船舷以后的一切费用和风险,2、办理进口清关手续，取得进口许可证和/或其他证件，支付进口关税和/或其他费用,3、接受单据，支付价款，收取货物,2007-6-13,27,单据,-,商业发票、保险单和通常的运输单据,通常的运输单据-可转让的提单、不可转让的海运单和内河运单,-在实践中，通常被要求提交的是可转让的、已装船、清洁提单。,CIF中的单据,2007-6-13,28,1),租船/订舱，支付运费卖方,2),办理货运保险，支付保险费卖方,3),交货地点装运港船舷（船上）,4),风险划分点装运港船舷（船上）,5),费用划分点装运港船上（除运费，包括装船费和保险费外）,6),出口清关手续卖方,7),进口清关手续买方,8),提交的单据商业发票、保险单和提单,CIF In Details,2007-6-13,29,CIF价格结构-,=FOB+运费+保险费,2007-6-13,30,FOB、CFR、CIF的费用结构关系,COST INSURANCE FREIGHT,FOB + I + F = CIF,FOB + F = CFR,CFR + I = CIF,I = CIF (1+加成率）X 保险费率,FOB + F,CIF = -,(1+加成率）X 保险费率,2007-6-13,31,FOB,CFR与CIF比较,主要相同点:,适用于,海运或内河航,运方式,风险分割点船舷,费用分割点船舷,交货点船舷,出口清关责任卖方,进口清关责任买方,主要不同点：,租船订舱责任承担方不同,保险责任承担方不同,船货衔接便利性不同,价格构成不同,货物风险不同,2007-6-13,32,四、正确选用贸易术语,贸易术语和运输方式,贸易术语与支付方式,贸易术语与手续承担,贸易术语与清关便利,贸易术语与货物风险,贸易术语与交货责任,贸易术语与船货衔接便利,2007-6-13,33,五、,国际货物买卖合同中的价格条款,价格条款对买卖双方的重要性,合同中的价格条款：,1. UNIT PRICE,2. AMOUNT,USD,per piece,CIF OSAKA,(计价货币) (单位价格金额) (计量单位) (贸易术语),2007-6-13,34,国际货物买卖合同中的价格条款,USD 6.50 per piece CIFC5%,OSAKA,CIF净价?,=CIF含佣价-佣金,= CIF含佣价-CIF含佣价 X 佣金率,或CIF含佣价= CIF净价/1-佣金率,佣金和折扣,Commission and,Discount,2007-6-13,35,II 货款的支付,金融票据：,汇票,、支票、本票；,商业票据,：发票、运输单据、装箱单、,原产地证明、商检证明等,支付方式,：汇付、托收、信用证,2007-6-13,36,一、,金融票据,：,票据（Bills）,也有称为流通证券（Negotiable Instruments），以支付一定金额为目的的可以流通转让的证券。,主要票据种类：,汇票,（Bill of exchange)、本票(promissory notes) 和支票( check),2007-6-13,37,汇票 (Bill of Exchange, Draft),“汇票是出票人签发的，委托付款人在见票时或者在指定日期无条件支付确定的金额给收款人或者持票人的票据。”我国票据法,“汇票是由一人签发的给另一人的无条件书面命令，要求受票人见票时或于未来某一规定的或可以确定的时间，将一定金额的款项支付给某一特定的人或其指定人，或持票人。”英国票据法,2007-6-13,38,汇票-当事人及其关系,出票人（drawer),收款人 受票人/ 付款人,(payee) (drawee / payer),银行或出口商,银行或进口商,出口人或其,指定的银行,2007-6-13,39,2007-6-13,40,汇票的流通使用,即期汇票：出票-付款提示、见票-付款,远期汇票：出票-承兑提示、见票-承兑-,付款提示、见票-付款,背书、贴现、拒付、追索,2007-6-13,41,二、支付方式汇付、托收和信用证,汇付(remittance)- T/T, M/T, D/D,Clean collection,托收(collection)- D/P,documentary collection-,D/A,信用证(letter of credit),2007-6-13,42,汇付-顺汇,(to remit/ forward transfer),进口人,银行,出口人,支付工具和资金流向是一致的,托收和信用证-逆汇(to draw/ backward transfer),出口人 银行 进口人, ,支付工具和资金流向是相反的,顺汇/逆汇,:,2007-6-13,43,汇付和托收方式-商业信用；,信用证支付方式-银行信用；,商业信用与银行信用:,银行是否付款?,或者付款保证方是谁?,2007-6-13,44,region L/C Usage by Geographic Region,E.U. 9%,rest of Europe 20%,North America 11%,Latin America 27%,Middle East 52%,Asia Pacific 43%,Africa 49%,Asia 46%,Aust.& New Zealand 17%,(source: Ninth Survey of International Services Provided to Exporters, commissioned by the Institute of Exporters),2007-6-13,45,选用对外结算方式时应当注意:,客户资信高低,货与款的安全,避免或减少汇率变动的风险,资金周转的快慢,成本大小,2007-6-13,46,汇 付 (REMITTANCE),信汇（ mail transfer, M/T),电汇（teletransmission transfer, T/T)电讯方式-电报、电传、SWIFT等SWIFT-,环球银行财务电讯协会的简称（Society for World wide Interbank Financial Telecommunication),票汇（demand draft, D/D),2007-6-13,47,票汇业务程序(T/T OR M/T),收 款 人,（出 口 人）,付 款 人,（进 口 人）,汇 出 行,（进口地）,汇 入 行,（出口地）,交 付 款 项,T/T or M/T申请,发付款指示,航寄M/T/或电讯T/T,款到通知,付 款,发货、寄单,2007-6-13,48,票汇业务程序(D/D),收 款 人,（出 口 人）,付 款 人,（进 口 人）,汇 出 行,（出 票 行）,汇 入 行,（付 款 人）,寄交汇票,交 付 款 项,银 行 汇 票,发付款指示,交 汇 票,付 款,发货、寄单,2007-6-13,49,托收,出口人,委托,银行,向,进口人,收款,PRINCIPLE,（委托人） （付款人）,PAYER,出口地银行,进口地银行,（委托行） （代收行）,REMITTING BANK COLLECTING BANK,2007-6-13,50,托收的种类,付款交单（D/P）,跟单托收,（1）D/P AT SIGHT,（2）D/P AFTER SIGHT,托收,承兑交单（D/A）,光票托收,2007-6-13,51,跟单托收业务流程（D/P即期）,委 托 人,（出 口 人,）,托 收 行,（出口地银行,）,代 收 行,（进口地银行）,付 款 人,（进 口 人）,装 运 货 物,取得运输单据（B/L）,（签发即期汇票）,连同有关单据,委托收款,寄单、委托收款,提示汇票和单据,要求付款,付 款,通知款已收妥,交 款,D/P即期,付款提示,付 款,交 单,交单,交 单,2007-6-13,52,D/P远期业务流程,委 托 人,（出 口 人）,托 收 行,（出口地银行）,代 收 行,（进口地银行）,付 款 人,（进 口 人）,承兑提示,承 兑,付款提示,付 款,交 单,D/P远期,装 运 货 物,取得运输单据（B/L）,签发远期汇票连同有关单据,委托收款,寄单、委托收款,提示汇票和单据,要求承兑,承兑汇票,付款提示,付 款,通知款已收妥,交 款,交 单,2007-6-13,53,D/A业务流程,委 托 人,（出 口 人）,托 收 行,（出口地银行）,代 收 行,（进口地银行）,付 款 人,（进 口 人）,承兑提示,承 兑,付款提示,付 款,交 单,D/A,装 运 货 物,取得运输单据（B/L）,签发远期汇票连同有关单据,委托收款,寄单、委托收款,提示汇票和单据,要求承兑,承兑汇票,付款提示,付 款,通知款已收妥,交 款,交 单,2007-6-13,54,跟单托收的比较,提示见票日,承兑日 付款日 交单日,D/P AT SIGHT 01/10,D/P 45DAYS 01/10,AFTER SIGHT,D/A 45 DAYS 01/10,AFTER SIGHT,2007-6-13,55,跟单信用证的定义（UCP600）：,开证银行应,申请人(进口人）,的要求并按其指示，向第三者（,受益人或出口人,）开具的载有一定金额，在一定期限内,凭符合规定的单据付款的书面文件。,信用证,2007-6-13,56,信用证的定义,ISSUING BANK,L/C,Letter of Application,BENEFICARY APPLICANT,（Exporter） （Importer）,2007-6-13,57,信用证业务的,基本当事人,开证行,OPENING BANK, OPENING BANK，,GRANTOR（授予人）,受益人,BENEFICIARY， ADDRESSEE（抬头,人，ACCREDITEE（受信人）,开证申请人,APPLICANT，OPENER，,ACCOUNTEE/ACCOUNT PARTY（被,记帐人）,2007-6-13,58,其它当事人,通知行ADVISING BANK,保兑行CONFIRMING BANK,指定银行NOMINATED BANK,议付行NEGOTIATING BANK,付款行_PAYING BANK,承兑行_ ACCEPTING BANK,延期付款行,转让行RANSFERING BANK,偿付行_REIMBURSING BANK,2007-6-13,59,信用证的种类,跟单信用证和光票信用证,不可撤销信用证和可撤销信用证,保兑信用证,议付、即期付款、承兑、延期付款信用证,即期和远期信用证,转让信用证和背对背信用证,对开信用证、循环信用证、预支信用证,2007-6-13,60,即期L/C业务流程,受益人,（出 口 人）,指定银行/通知行,（出口地银行）,开证行,（进口地银行）,开证申请人,（进 口 人）,装 运 货 物,取得运输单据（B/L）,通知,寄单、索偿,开证申请书,抵押、担保,付 款,审单付款,交单,交 单,通知,合同,2007-6-13,61,信用证的特点,信用证体现的是银行信用,信用证是一自足文件,信用证业务是纯单据业务,单据就是外汇,2007-6-13,62,三、支付方式比较,业务流程复杂性: L/C D/P or D/A T/T,单据质量要求: L/C D/P or D/A T/T,进口商成本高低: L/C D/P or D/A T/T,出口商风险大小: L/CD/P D/A,单据及货物到达进口商时间的匹配性:,L/CD/P or D/A T/T,2007-6-13,63,III 主要单据,商业单据-发票(INVOICE),运输单据 (Transport Documents),2007-6-13,64,一、发票的种类,商业发票（COMMERCIAL INVOICE,）,银行发票（BANKERS INVOCE）,海关发票（CUSTOMS INVOICE,）,领事发票（CONSULAR INVOICE）,厂商发票（MANUFACTURERSINVOICE）,形式发票 （PROFORMA INVOICE,）,2007-6-13,65,商业发票(Commercial Invoice),卖方开立的载有货物名称、数量、价格等内容的清单，作为买卖双方交接货物和结算货款的主要单证。,是进出口,报关,完税必不可少的单证之一。,2007-6-13,66,商业发票的作用：,便于进、出口商核对已发货物是否符合合同或信用证规定；,作为进口方和出口方记账的依据；,在出口地和进口地作为,报关,、,清关,及,纳税,的凭据；,在不用汇票的情况下，可代替汇票作为付款依据；,凭光票付款时，通常用以确定有关交易的细节；,是整套出口单据的中心及其填制和审核的依据；,可作为索赔、理赔的凭据。,2007-6-13,67,商业发票的缮制,首文部分,：发票的名称、发票号码、合同号码、发票,的出票日期和地点，发票抬头，以及船名、,装运港、卸货港等。,本文部分,：唛头、商品名称、货物数量、规格、单价、,总价、毛重/净重等内容。,结文部分,：结文一般包括信用证中要求加注的特别条,款或文句、出票人签字,2007-6-13,68,海关发票（CUSTOMSINVOICE）,在国际贸易中，应进口国要求，由出口商按进口国海关规定的格式填写的发票。,是进口国海关完税或征收,差别待遇关税,或征收,反倾销税,的依据。,要求提供海关发票的主要国家（地区）有：美国、加拿大、澳大利亚、新西兰、牙买加、加勒比共同市场国家以及非洲的一些国家等。,CANADA CUSTOMES INVOICE,SPECIAL CUSTOMES INVOICE,FROM 59 A (,新西兰海关发票),FROM C (,西非海关发票),CARICON INVOICE (,加勒比海共同市场海关发票),FROM C23(,牙买加海关发票),2007-6-13,69,海关发票的作用,供进口商报送核查货物与估价征税之用。,提供货物原产地依据。,供进口国海关核查货物在其本国市场的价格，确认是否倾销等。,便于海关统计。,2007-6-13,70,海关发票的缮制,与商业发票的相应项目必须完全一致。,须列明国内市场价或成本价时，应注意其低于销售的离岸价。,经准确核算的运费、保险费及包装费。,海关发票应以收货人或提单的被通知人为抬头人。,签具海关发票的人可由出口单位负责办事人员签字，证明人须另由其他人员签字，不能是同一人。,2007-6-13,71,形式发票,（PROFORMA INVOICE）,也称预开发票或估价发票,（P/I）,。,在货物未成交前，买方要求卖方将拟出售成交的,商品名称、单价、规格,等条件开立的一份参考性发票。卖方凭此预先让卖方知晓如果双方将来以某数量成交之后，卖方要开给买方的,商业发票,大致的形式及内容。,是一种试算性质的货运清单。,在某些国家可以供买方作为申请进口许可证或申请外汇额度的证件, 也作为买方向银行申请向卖方支付货款,开立信用证等的依据。,2007-6-13,72,二、运输单据,海运单据,海运提单 （,Bill of lading ),联运提单 (,Through bill of lading),海运单 (,sea waybill),货代提单 (,house bills of lading),其他运输方式,空运单(,Air Waybill -MAWB, HAWB),公路运单(,Road Consignment Note ),铁路运单(,Railway Consignment Note),邮包收据(,Parcel Post Receipt),2007-6-13,73,海运提单,含义,an instrument issued by an ocean,carrier,and given to a shipper with whom the carrier has entered into a contract for the carriage of goods at the time the goods are delivered to the carrier.,It evidences that the carriers,receipt of goods,and the promise made to the shipper under the carriage contract to,carry and deliver,the goods to the consignee, or the last endorsee, or the bearer of the B/L,2007-6-13,74,提单的作用,货物的收据(Receipt for the goods),运输契约的证明,(Evidence of a contract of carriage),物权凭证 (Document of title),2007-6-13,75,货物收据(RECEIPT FOR GOODS),States their quantity,States their condition,states the the date of shipment,2007-6-13,76,Kinds of Bills of Lading,“On Board” or “Shipped” Bill of Lading: certifies that the goods have been,properly,loaded or shipped, as evidenced by the pre-printed wording or,the on board notation(such as “,on board,”, “laden on board” or “shipped on board”) on the bill of lading.,货物收据(RECEIPT FOR GOODS),2007-6-13,77,货物收据(RECEIPT FOR GOODS),“Claused” or “foul” or “unclean” Bill of Lading: which bears an indication that the goods were received with damages, irregularities or short shipment, usually the words,“unclean on board” “insufficient packing” “missing safety seal” “one carton short or damaged” are been noted on the B/L,Discrepancy must refer to a problem noted at the time the goods are loaded.Notations as to problems that occur later do not effect the negotiability of the bill.,2007-6-13,78,运输合同的证明CONTRACT FOR CARRIAGE,Bill of Lading is evidence of a contract of carriage,between the shipper and the carrier.,Carrier can introduce rebutting evidence if the bill has not been negotiated to a third party.,2007-6-13,79,物权凭证 (DOCUMENT OF TITLE),Rightful ( bona fides) possessor of a bill of lading has title,and is entitled to possess, use, and dispose of the goods that the bill represents.,Two main kinds of bills of lading:,记名提单(,Straight bills of lading),指示提单(,Order bills of lading),不记名提单,(,Bear bills of lading(transfer by delivery),2007-6-13,80,物权凭证 (DOCUMENT OF TITLE),Straight bills of lading,: a non-negotiable bill -the title to the goods is conferred directly to a party named, as such the title to the goods is not transferable to another party by endorsement,“consigned to (the named party” or “ issued in the named party”,（consignee）：,ABC Co. London,what will be the risk,to use straight B/L?,2007-6-13,81,物权凭证 (DOCUMENT OF TITLE),Order bills of lading,: negotiable bill issued to a named consignee.,Transfer is by negotiation,: by endorsement usually on the reverse of the B/L(all originals) by the title holder of the B/L.,Third party holder has title and the right to take possession of the goods described in the bill,.,Must surrender the bill to the carrier in order to take delivery of the goods.,Must receive the bill in good faith through due negotiation.,2007-6-13,82,物权凭证 (DOCUMENT OF TITLE),To order blank endorsed,to order of shipper and blank endorsed,to order of shipper and endorsed to the order of the named party,to order of the named party other than the shipper,2007-6-13,83,物权凭证 (DOCUMENT OF TITLE),To order blank endorsed,to order of shipper and blank endorsed,blank endorsed means without specifying to whom the,B/L will be transferred.,consignee order / order of ABC Exports,on the back ABC Exports,( Plus the authorized signature),then, whoever bears the B/L after its issuance holds the title to the goods,2007-6-13,84,物权凭证 (DOCUMENT OF TITLE),to order of shipper and endorsed to the order of the named party,consignee: to order of ABC Export,on the back:,to order of XYZ Export or Bank,ABC Export,(plus the authorized signature),to order of the named party other than the shipper,2007-6-13,85,物权凭证 (DOCUMENT OF TITLE),to order of the named party other than the shipper,to order of the issuing bank,to order of the buyer,2007-6-13,86,analysis,a full set of clean on board (shipped) B/L made out to order (of xxx) and blank endorsed (endorsed in blank) and marked freight prepaid,how about the title to the goods in an order bills of lading?,2007-6-13,87,Questions for Self-evaluation,1. How will carrier release goods at port of destination?,2007-6-13,88,Questions,carrier should deliver goods against presentation of original bills of lading,2007-6-13,89,Questions,2.,Could carrier deliver goods without receiving any bill of lading?,Why?,2007-6-13,90,Questions,yes,because sometimes it needs more time to transfer the bill of lading than to transport goods from the port of shipment to the port of destination on the B/L,2007-6-13,91,Questions,3. What are common methods used in business to secure the unauthorized release of cargo without presentation of a bill of lading?,2007-6-13,92,Answer :,a. a consignees letter of credit,b. a consignees letter exonerating the agent from his action,c. A bank guarantee confirming that sufficient funds exist in an account on a specified date,d. Agreement between,agent and receiving party,e. Shippers extended credit facility minus the authority to release the cargo,Questions,2007-6-13,93,4. Why do carrier put on,Leather Shoes 3x40-FT 4000 CARTONS,“ shippers load and count” or “said to contain, said by shipper to contain”?,Questions,2007-6-13,94,4. The carrier is saying that he does not supervise the loading of the declared goods, and he will not be held accountable for the number of units reported on the B/L.,Think of its legal meaning further, please.,Questions,2007-6-13,95,4. What are,stale B/L, on deck B/L, antedated B/L and advanced B/L?,5. What are the difference between B/L and sea waybill?,Questions,2007-6-13,96,Questions are warmly welcomed,THANK YOU!,Wish you all successful in your business,2007-6-13,97,The End,谢谢您的聆听！,期待您的指正！,