情态动词与虚拟语气

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,Modal verbs and subjunctive mood,情态动词与虚拟语气,1,1. may,1) 可否,A. 用于问句: May I use your phone?,B. 用于陈述句: You may come if you wish.,2) 推断,A. 现在可能: He may know the answer.,B. 过去可能: He may have gone abroad.,2,3) 用于状语从句，表示目的、让步等:,Speak clearly so that they may understand you.,Try as he may, he will not pass the exam.,4) 祝愿：May you be happy!,3,2. might,1) 轻微批评、抱怨。,A. 针对现在：You might tell me if youre going to be late.,B. 针对过去：You might at least have phoned me if youre not coming.,4,3. must,1) 必须、一定。,A. 指现在或将来：,You must give up smoking. I must remember to post the letter.,B. 指过去用have的过去式had(比用must含义清楚):,I had to go to see the doctor.,2) 否定式must not/mustnt表示“禁止、一定不”：,Cars must not park in front of the entrance. We mustnt be late.,5,3) 推断。,A. 现在可能: He must know the answer.,B. 过去可能: We must have read the same report.,4) 责任、义务，与should/ought to含义类似：,You must see the film; its wonderful.,6,4. should /ought,1) 责任、义务,A. 指现在或将来：,The police should do something about it.,The machine ought to be cleaned once a week.,B. 指过去:,You should have checked the time before you left.,You ought to/should have told me about it earlier.,7,2) ought to还用于表示揣测。,He ought to pass the exam.,The water ought to have boiled now.,We ought to be hearing from Jane soon.,5. shall,1) 疑问形式征求意见，用于第一人称:,What time shall I come?,Lets do it again, shall we?,Shall I have a cup of tea for you? Shall I open the window?,8,2) 表示规定、许诺、命令、警告、决心等，用于各个人称：,I shall write to you at the end of the month.,If you want a computer, you shall have one.,A player shall be sent off for using bad language.,You shall have the result of the exam tomorrow,.,9,6. need,1) 表示“不必”，,A. 用于否定句: You neednt come to the meeting.,B. 用于含有半否定词的句子：,C. 用于宾语从句时，主句为过去时，依然用need:,He says/said I neednt pay till the 30,th,.,2) 用于疑问句: Need we come tomorrow?,10,7. dare,1) 表示“敢”，,A. 用于否定句。,I darent ask her to do that.,B. 用于含有半否定词的句子：,I hardly dare to think of it.,11,2) 用于疑问句和条件句：,Dare you interrupt him? I wonder if she dared come home.,3) 用于I dare say, dont you dare结构：,I dare say youre right.,Dont you dare touch that vase.,12,8 have to表示客观上的必要性，后接不定式.,1) 肯定式：We have to be careful in such matters.,2) 否定式和疑问式：,You dont have to get up early.,Do you have to leave so soon?,13,3) 可用于各种时态:,Well have to help him as much as we can.,4) 可用于各种语态:,A lot of letters had to be answered.,5) 可用于复合谓语:,We may have to cancel the plan.,14,9. had better/ best, d better,1) 后接不定式的一般时或进行时（均不带 to)。,A.接不定式的一般时:,Wed better go before it gets dark.,What had we better do?,2) 接不定式的进行时:,I think wed better be going.,3) had best 与had better相似：,I had best be going now.,15,1. Is John coming by train?, He should, but he _ not. He likes driving his car.,A. must B. can,C. need D. may,选D。从上下文coming by train和driving his car可知有两种可能性，则关于driving his car的推测属于not sure一类, 因此选D。,16,2. It has been announced that candidates _ remain in their seats until all the papers have been collected.,A. can B. will,C. may D. shall,选D。根据上下文可知空格处应有一个表示意图、警告等含义的词语，shall就是这样一个词语，它可用于各种人称。,17,3. Oh, Im not feeling well in the stomach. I _ so much fried chicken just now.,A. shouldnt eat,B. mustnt have eaten,C. shouldnt have eaten,D. mustnt eat,选C。根据语境“I m not feeling well”可知言者感到后悔，即动作应是发生在过去，因此应选”情态动词+完成时的不定式”的结构来表示对过去的推断。又，mustnt表示“禁止”，所以不可选。,18,4. Do you think our basketball players played very well yesterday?, _.,A. They were not nervous at all,B. They were still young,C. They played naturally,D. They couldnt have done better,选D。问者询问“昨天球打得如何”，应用对过去的情况的判断，故应选D。其余三选项所答非所问。又，not+比较级表示强调性的肯定。,19,5. He _ here by now, for he took the early bus.,A. ought to have arrived,B. must arrive,C. may have arrived,D. can arrive,选C。从took the early bus可知，arrive的动作应发生于过去，即句子应表示对过去情况的推断，所以应该用含有完成时的不定式的选项。ought to表示“责任、义务”，不用于表示对过去的推测，只有may have arrived 合理。,20,6. I wonder how he _ that to the teacher.,A. dare to say B. dare say,C. not dare say D. dared say,选D。此句从句中的动作应发生于过去，故dare应该用过去式dared。若发生于现在，则应该用dare say(情态动词用法）或dares to say（行为动词用法，现在时) 。又，dare的情态动词用法否定式应为dare not do sth.。,21,7. I saw Ann in the library yesterday., You _ her; she is still abroad.,A. must not see,B. cant have seen,C. mustnt have seen,D. couldnt see,选B。由“yesterday” 可知应是对过去情况的推断，因此应该用“情态动词+完成时的不定式”的结构来表示；又因“mustnt”表示“禁止”而不可用。,22,8. I _ them, but I wasnt able to.,A. ought to have helped,B. must have helped,C. might help,D. neednt have helped,选A。应该用“情态动词+完成时的不定式”的结构来表示对过去情况的推断。从“wasnt able to” 可知言者原要“help them”, 但限于能力而未实现；从表达 “责任、义务”需要，应该用should/ought to这样的情态动词。,23,情态动词,情态+原形,情态+完成,Must have done,Can not have done,shall =order / promise,can =sometimes,24,Some people who dont like to talk much are not necessarily shy；they _,just be quiet people,Amust Bmay,Cshould DWould,Key：B,高考真题,25,One of the few things you _ say about English people with certainty is that they talk a lot about the weather.,A. need B. must,C. should D. can,Key： D,高考真题,26,He did not regret saying what he did but felt that he _ it differently.,A. could express,B. would express,C. could have expressed,D. must have expressed,Key：,C,高考真题,27,Its the office! So you _ know eating is not allowed here.,Oh, sorry.,A. mustB. will,C. may D. need,Key： A,高考真题,28,Subjunctive mood,suggest /insist / order/ demand /request / require advise prefer,that sb. should do sth.,would rather that,It is high time that,It is my suggestion that,I wish that,How I wish that,How I wish I had a neck like that of a giraffe!,If I had a pair of wings, I would fly to school every day!,29,I would / could / might do if it were,/did,I should do if it did,I would do if it,were to do 将来,I would do if it did,I would do if it,should,do,I would have done if it had done,30,If I had studied last night, I would not be so worried about the exam.,I went to the match last night. How I wish I had stayed at home.,31,2）建议、要求、命令：（should） do,(1) I insist that he stay here.,(2) I suggested that you give me a hand.,(3) His face suggests that he is very happy. (真实：表明),(4) She insisted that she had done nothing wrong. (真实：坚持认为),32,3）I wish that/ If only ,(1) I wish I were you.,(2) I wish you had come yesterday.,(3) If only he could help me.,比较：,I wish that you could come and join us but you are not here.,I hope that you can come and join us and Im sure you will have a nice time.,33,You didnt let me drive. If we _ in turn, you _ so tired.,A. drove; didnt get,B. drove; wouldnt get,C. were driving; wouldnt get,D. had driven; wouldnt have got,Key： D,2. When a pencil is partly in a glass of water, it looks as if it _.,A. breaks B. has broken,C. were broken D. had been broken,Key： C,34,It is hard for me to imagine what I would be doing today if I _ in love, at the age of seven, with the Melinda Cox Library in my hometown.,A. wouldnt have fallen,B. had not fallen,C. should fall,D. were to fall,Key： B,35,That is all for this class.,Thanks for watching.,See you next time.,36,