M4Unit3Grammar

,*,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,返回,Grammar,1,动词,ing,形式作表语、定语和宾语补足语,2,一、动词,ing,形式作表语,1,表示主语的,内容,，可以转换到句首作主语,Her job is keeping the lecture hall as clean as possible.,(,Keeping the lecture hall as clean as possible is her job.),她的工作是尽量使报告厅保持干净。,Her duty is taking care of the babies.,(,Taking care of the babies is her duty.),照看婴儿是她的职责。,3,2,表示主语的,某种性质和特征,，这时通常可以看做形容词。,The problem is quite puzzling.,这个问题很令人困惑。,The film we saw last night was very moving.,我们昨晚看的那部电影非常感人。,点津,常用来作表语的现在分词有,astonishing, amusing, confusing, disappointing, boring, encouraging, inspiring, moving, tiring, interesting, surprising,等。,4,二、动词,ing,形式作定语,1,表示名词的,属性、作用或用途,。,We are not allowed to speak aloud in the reading room.,阅览室里不准我们大声说话。,There is a swimming pool in our school.,我们学校有一个游泳池。,5,2,表示所修饰的名词的,动作或状态,，相当于一个定语从句。,The boy studying (,who is studying) in the classroom is our monitor.,在教室学习的男孩是我们的班长。,Well have an exam in the coming week.,下周我们将进行一次考试。,6,3,当分词单独作定语时，放在所修饰的名词前；如果是分,词短语作定语，则放在该名词后。,They lived in a house facing south (,which is facing south),他们住在一所朝南的房子里。,Do you know the boy playing basketball (,who is playing basketball)?,你认识在打篮球的那个小男孩吗？,7,4,用于,with,复合结构中。,I couldnt do my homework with the noise,going on,.,由于噪音不断，我没法做家庭作业。,With so many people,looking,at her, she felt nervous.,这么多人看着她，她感到很紧张。,8,考题印证,1,1,1,(2012,江西高考,)John has really got the job because he showed me the official letter _ him it.,A,offered,B,offering,C,to offer D,to be offered,解析：,考查非谓语动词。句意：,John,确实是得到那份工作了，因为他给我看了提供给他工作的那封官方信函。,offer“,提供,”,，与其逻辑主语是主动关系，故可排除,A,、,D,两项；,C,项表示将来的动作，不合题意。此处用现在分词作定语，相当于一个定语从句。,选,B,。,9,1,2,(2012,湖南高考,)The lecture, _ at 7,：,00 pm last night,，,was followed by an observation of the moon with telescopes.,A,starting B,being started,C,to start D,to be started,解析：,考查非谓语动词作定语。句意：昨天晚上七点开始的讲座结束后，人们用望远镜观察了月球。,the lecture,与,start,构成逻辑上的主动关系，所以,B,、,D,两项错误；再由句意可知，该讲座是昨天晚上开始的，所以排除,C,项，因为不定式表将来。,选,A,。,10,三、动词,ing,形式作宾语补足语,动词,ing,形式作宾语补足语时，与宾语之间是主谓关系，即宾语是其逻辑上的主语。它主要用于以下两类动词后作宾语补足语。,11,1,表示感觉和心理状态的动词，如,see, hear, feel, smell,watch, find, listen to, look at, notice, observe,等。,When we returned, we found a stranger standing in front of the house.,我们回来的时候，发现一个陌生人站在房子前。,Suddenly we heard someone knocking gently on the window.,忽然我们听见有人在轻轻地敲窗户。,12,点津,在,see, hear, feel, watch,等感官动词后，既可用动词,ing,形式作宾语补足语，也可用省略,to,的不定式作宾语补足语。,用动词,ing,形式时，表示动作正在进行；,用省略,to,的不定式时，,表示动作从开始到结束的全过程,。,I saw a boy getting on the bus.(,表示动作正在进行,),我看见一个男孩在上公共汽车。,I saw a boy get on the bus.(,表示动作完成了,),我看见一个男孩上了公共汽车。,13,2,表示指使意义的使役动词，常见的有：,have, let, keep,get, leave,等。,We kept the fire burning all night long.,我们让火整夜燃烧着。,I wont have you running about in the room.,我不允许你在房间里跑来跑去。,14,考题印证,2,2,1,(2012,四川高考,)I looked up and noticed a snake _ its way up the tree to catch its breakfast.,A,to wind B,wind,C,winding D,wound,解析：,考查非谓语动词。此题考查现在分词作宾语补足语，宾语,snake,与,wind,之间为主动关系，且此动作正在进行，故选,C,。,选,C,。,15,2,2,(2009,全国卷,)They use computers to keep the,traffic_smoothly.,A,being run B,run,C,to run D,running,解析：,考查非谓语动词。,keep sth. doing,表示,“,使某动作持续发生,”,。,选,D,。,16,.,用所给词的适当形式填空,1,(clean) women in big cities usually get paid by,the hour.,2,When he woke up, he found himself,(lie) in,hospital.,3,The man,(wear) a sad look said, “Ive lost my,wallet.”,4,There was a terrible noise,(follow) the sudden,burst of light.,Cleaning,lying,wearing,following,17,5,In parts of Asia you must not sit with your feet,(point) at another person.,6,Phoebe received an email the other day,(say),her uncle was coming to visit her.,7,The music they are playing sounds so,(bore),8,His concern for his mother is,(touch),pointing,saying,boring,touching,18,.,单项填空,1,Im afraid well have to work extra hours, for there are,still some problems _.,A,remaining to settle B,remaining to be settled,C,remained to talk about D,to remain to discuss,解析：,考查非谓语动词的用法。句意：我恐怕我们不得不加班了，因为仍有一些问题有待被处理。根据句意可知选,B,。,选,B,。,19,2,When I came in, I found Lucy _ by the window,_ to music.,A,seated; listening B,seated; listened,C,seating; listened D,seating; listening,解析：,考查非谓语动词的用法。第一空过去分词,seated,作宾补，第二空,listening to music,作伴随状语。,选,A,。,20,3,On the bank of the river, we found him _ on a,bench, with his eyes _ on a kite in the sky.,A,lied; fixing B,lying; fixing,C,lied; being fixed D,lying; fixed,解析：,第一空,lie,作,him,的补语，且和,him,是主谓关系，用,lying,；第二空在,with,复合结构中，,fixed,作,his eyes,的宾补，因为,fix,和,eyes,是动宾关系，故用过去分词。,选,D,。,21,4,Ive lived here for twenty years, but I dont know the,family _ next to my door.,A,living B,to live,C,lived D,having lived,解析：,考查非谓语动词。句意：我在这儿住了二十年了，却不认识就住在我隔壁的那家人。动词,ing,形式作定语，相当于定语从句,who live,。,选,A,。,22,5,What is Mr Black?,His job is _ pancakes.,A,to be sold B,sold,C,having sold D,selling,解析：,答句句意：他的工作是卖煎饼。,selling,是对主语内容的解释。即动词,ing,形式作表语。,选,D,。,23,6,Peter received a letter just now _ his grandma,would come to see him soon.,A,said B,says,C,saying D,to say,解析：,考查非谓语动词形式。句意：彼得刚才收到一封信，信上说他奶奶不久就要来看他。,saying,作后置定语，相当于定语从句,which says .,选,C,。,24,7,The _ boy was last seen _ near the East,Lake.,A,missing; playing B,missing; play,C,missed; played D,missed; to play,解析：,句意：那个失踪的男孩最后被人看见时正在东湖附近玩耍。,missing“,失踪的,”,，在句中作定语；动词,ing,短语,playing near the East Lake,作主语补足语，与主语,the missing boy,存在逻辑上的主谓关系。,选,A,。,25,8,Why did you go back to the shop?,I left my friend _ there.,A,waiting B,to wait,C,wait D,waits,解析：,leave sb. doing sth. “,使,/,让某人做某事,”,。,waiting,作宾语补足语，与宾语,my friend,存在逻辑上的主谓关系。,选,A,。,26,9,The General Manager suggests those found _ in,the office would be fired immediately.,A,smoke B,to smoke,C,smoking D,smoked,解析：,考查现在分词作宾语补足语。句意：总经理建议那些被发现在办公室吸烟的人将被立即解雇。,find sb. doing“,发现某人正在做某事,”,，,smoking,作宾语补足语。,选,C,。,27,10,Zhai Zhigang, of whom we are proud, is the first,Chinese astronaut _ in space.,A,to walk B,walked,C,walking D,having walked,解析：,句意：我们感到自豪，翟志刚是第一个在太空行走的中国宇航员。名词前有,the first, the last, the only,等词修饰时，其后置定语常用不定式，不用动名词。,选,A,。,28,11,Traveling is _,，,but we often feel _,when we got back.,A,interesting; tired B,interested; tiring,C,interesting; tiring D,interested; tired,解析：,句意：旅游很有意思，但当我们回来时我们常感到疲惫。,interesting “,有趣的,”,；,interested “,感兴趣的,”,；,tiring “,令人疲惫的,”,；,tired “,感到劳累的,”,。由句意可知选,A,。,选,A,。,29,12,Give me the blue raincoat, please, the,one_behind the door.,A,hanging B,is hanging,C,to be hung D,hangs,解析：,根据前面的祈使句可知，,the one,后跟定语，可排除,B,、,D,项；又因,hang,在此处作不及物动词不用被动，可排除,C,项。故选,A,项。,选,A,。,30,13,He was deeply _ because the story is _.,A,moved; moved B,moving; moving,C,moved; moving D,moving; moved,解析：,第一空为,“,他感动,”,，表示,“,人的情感状态,”,，应用过去分词,moved;,后一个空表示,“,这个故事令人感动,”,，,“,令人,”,表示一个事物的特征、特性，应用,moving,故,C,项正确。,选,C,。,31,14,The flowers _ sweet in the garden attract the,visitors to the beauty of nature.,A,to smell B,smelling,C,smelt D,to be smelt,解析：,smell,与,flowers,的关系是主动关系，动词,ing,形式作定语。句意：公园中散发着芳香的花朵吸引着游人来欣赏大自然的美。,选,B,。,32,15,To learn English well, we should find opportunities to,hear English _ as much as we can.,A,speak B,speaking,C,spoken D,to speak,解析：,由句子结构判断，空白处所填部分在句中作宾语补足语。,English,与,speak,之间为被动关系，故用过去分词作宾补。句意：要想学好英语，我们应该尽可能多地找机会听别人说英语。,hear sth. done“,听到某事被做,”,。根据题意选,C,项。,选,C,。,33,