EV控制策略研究-3

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,控制策略研究,1.,工作模式,2. EV,系统原理图,3.,系统的功率损失,4.,部件功率损失,5.,系统的约束条件,6.,系统优化,7. EV/HEV,系统控制逻辑,8.,系统优化求解,9.,具有固定速比的,EV,传动系设计,目 录,1. EV,工作模式,StartStop,EV Drive (,constant speed, Acceleration, Deceleration, climbing),Braking Regeneration,Plug-in Charging,-. PEV,工作模式,StartStop,EV Drive (,constant speed, Acceleration, Deceleration, climbing),Braking Regeneration,Generation by Engine (,series,configration,),Plug-in Charging,-. HEV,工作模式,StartStop,Assist,Conventional Drive (Engine drive only),EV Drive (,low speed,),Braking Regeneration,Generation,-. PHEV,工作模式,StartStop,Assist,（,Engine + Motor,）,Conventional Drive (Engine drive only),EV Drive (low speed),Braking Regeneration,Generation,Plug-in Charging,-. 4x4 HEV,工作模式,-front ISG +rear motor,StartStop (front + rear motor EV lunch),Assist,（,Engine + Motor,）,Conventional Drive (Engine drive only),EV Drive (low speed),Braking Regeneration,Generation (front motor/generation),4x4 Drive (full,accel,., slippery road, tight cornering),2. EV,系统原理图,HV Battery,12V Battery,DC-DC,Inverter,Steering System,Motor,Electric Brake,Axle,Plug-in interface,Brake System,AC,电能量流动,机械能量流动,-. HEV,系统 图,Fuel Storage,Fuel Conversion,(Engine),Brake,System,Hybrid,Transmission,Motor /,Inverter,HV Battery,Storage,HV Battery,Conversion,HV Loads,(incl. LV Battery,Storage),P,FUEL,P,IN,P,MOTOR MECH,P,INV ELEC,P,BATTERY,P,OUT,P,AXLE,P,HV LOAD,P,LOSS ENG,P,LOSS BRAKE,P,LOSS MECH,P,LOSS MOTOR,P,LOSS BAT,- EV,系统损失,Brake,Regen,.,System,Hybrid,Transmission,Motor /,Inverter,HV Battery,Conversion,HV Loads,HV Battery,Storage,Ploss,battery,Ploss,brake,Ploss,mech,Ploss,motor and Inverter,Paxle,Pout,Pbattery,Pinv,Pmotor,Phvload,-. EV/,PHEV,系统简化,忽略制动能量回收能量损失,忽略电动,AC,及低压供电系统的影响,简化的系统图为：,Motor,HV Battery,Inverter,Transmission,Axle,Engine,3.,系统的功率损失,汽车驱动时的功率损失：,电机功率损失（ ）；,逆变器功率损失（ ）；,电池的放电损失（ ）。,机械功率损失 （,),总的功率损失：,4.,部件功率损失,电机,等功率损失曲线图,逆变器,等逆变器效率曲线图,电池功率损失,大部分产生于,库伦损失较小,电池内阻,电池放电电流,机械功率损失,内阻,-,总功率损失,5.,系统约束条件,电池,电池电流电压,电机,转速、扭矩,6.,系统优化,对系统的功率损失进行优化，可使整个,EV,系统近似运行在最优区域。,min( ),约束条件集合,Key on/off,Acc pedal,Brake pedal,Clutch pedal,模式管理,Plug-in Charging,Start/Stop,Regen Braking,EV drive,充电模块,起,/,停模块,能量回收模块,扭矩需求,map,策略控制,optimum,变速器状态,自然力制动,(Cast down),制动系统制动,电机,后 轴,EV,逻辑图,7. EV/HEV,系统控制逻辑,-. EV,中心控制流程,Strategic,Control,Shift Execution,and,Start/Stop,Motor Torque,/Speed,Determination,Actuator,:,Clutch/shift,Torque,Motor Torques,speed,TR,Rng,State,Desd,Ni,N0,T0 Request,Ni Ti,需求功率：,- EV,控制系统理论基础,1.,如果有,AMT or CVT,，只有一个动力源，,2.,如果只有一固定速比,i,，在系统控制中无优化可能，在设计时，可进行粗略的优化设计，见后。,3.,如果有另一动力源,m2,，并有,AMT or CVT,，,采用,ID,优化方法求解。,优化主动力源得,第二动力源扭矩输出,采用,2D,优化方法求解。,-,计算速比和变速器的状态,对于,CVT,，根据 值，可执行有关控制操作。,对于,AMT,，根据 值，,考虑到操纵平顺性，,控制电机扭矩，,档位不变,换高档,换低档,Key on/off,Acc pedal,Brake pedal,Clutch pedal,管理模式,Generation,Start/Stop,Reg. Braking,EV,发电模块,起,/,停模块,能量回收模块,扭矩需求,map,发动机策略优化,变速器状态,电机,后 轴,-. HEV,逻辑图,Conventional,Assist,发动机状态,策略控制优化,Optimum,-. HEV,中心控制流程,Strategic,Control,Tactical,Control,Motor Torque,Determination,T,A,Cmd,T,B,Cmd,T,O,Request,N,O,Hyb,Rng,St,Desd,Ni,Desd,Hyb,Rng,St Act,Ni Prof,Shift Execution,and,Engine Start/,Stop,Ni,Ti Act,(from ECM),Ti,Cmd,(to ECM),System State,:,Hybrid Range State and,Input Speed,1,Actuator,:,Clutch Torque,2,Actuator,:,Motor Torques,4,Actuator,:,Engine Torque,3,8.,系统优化求解（一）,- 1D,直接方法,由上分析知道，这是一个,ID,优化问题。这里选择黄金分割法（,ID Golden section search,),求解,。,-,黄金分割法优点,很快的逐步缩小搜寻区间方法；,不需微分运算；,每次搜索，区间减少,38.19%,；,10,次循环搜索后，区间缩至,0.8%,初始长度；,20,次循环搜索后，区间缩至,0.0066%,初始长度。,有比,Powell,和,Newton,法更强的适应性。,-,缺点,在一个搜索区间内，要求只有一个极值。,1D Golden Section Search,1D,Golden Section,Search,Engine,f (x),x,MIN,x,MAX,n,x,i,FOR iteration loop,1,2,3,Input Iteration Number (n) and Boundary Conditions,Iteration loop,Output Optimal Answer (x*),f(x,i,),-,黄金分割法（,0.618,法）,开始两点,计算两内点,如果 ，则丢掉,，则丢掉,再进行下一个搜索循环。,8.,系统优化求解 （二）,-,2D,直接方法,优化方法：,Heuristic sampling search method or others,Requires no derivative evaluation (no gradient),Used extensively in industrial applications,优点,:,Robust global convergence,Rapid reduction of feasible search area,Low amount of cost function evaluations,缺点：,Challenging implementation in embedded controller,Stack memory usage,Constraint handling,2D Direct Method Search,2D,Direct Method,Search Engine,f (x, y),x,MIN,x,MAX,n,x*, y*,FOR iteration loop,1,2,3,Calculate Boundary Conditions,Iteration loop,Output Optimal Answer (x*, y*),Boundary,Condition,Definition,f(x,i,y,i,),x,i,y,i,2D Direct Method Search Example,2D Direct Method Search Example,2D Direct Method Search Example,2D Direct Method Search Example,9.,具有固定速比的,EV,传动系设计,电机和逆变器效率曲线,电机,Inverter,Base speed,efficiency,efficiency,-,速比优化,根据常用车速 ，计算 ，和常用电机扭矩,同时考虑 和 ，选择一合适的 使电机，逆变器的效率都较高。,根据 和 计算出 。,谢谢 !,