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,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,Warming u,p,Skimming,Digging,Critical thinking,Language in use,Unfamiliar words,Interpreting,Talking point,Warming upSkimmingDiggingCriti,Skimming,Browse the passage within 8 minutes to get a rough idea about it.,Answer the questions,of Activity 2 and 3 on page 142.,Task,SkimmingBrowse the passage wi,Skimming,Number the events in the order they happened., The taxi cut in front of another car., A policeman asked the writer what had happened., The passenger from the car embraced the taxi driver., The driver of the car got out and came towards the taxi., Several policemen arrived., The writer took a taxi while on holiday in Morocco., The car driver kissed the taxi driver., Everybody shook hands., The car driver tried to kick the taxi driver., The policeman kissed the taxi driver.,Correct order:,2,6,9,3,5,1,8,10,4,7,Skimming Number the events in,Skimming,Answer the questions.,1 Why did the writer feel safe in Morocco?,Because the guide told the writer that Morocco has very little crime. Besides, the writer found everybody in Marrakesh was very friendly and behaved politely.,2 Why was the car driver so angry?,Because the taxi had cut him up in traffic.,3 How did the policeman resolve the problem?,He spoke to everyone and got the car driver and the passenger to apologize to the taxi driver.,Skimming Answer the questions,Skimming,4 How did the taxi driver feel after the incident?,He felt triumphant and happy.,5 What does the writer think about the way the matter was settled?,The writer thought it was a fairly good way as the taxi drivers honour had been satisfied, and the time and fees were saved.,6 Why did the car driver respect the policeman?,Because the Moroccan culture gives policemen a very high level of authority.,Skimming4 How did the taxi dri,Skimming,7 What have policemen in Western democracies lost?,The policemen in Western democracies lost their status needed to resolve disputes in the street such as this.,8 What do people seeking justice often want?,They just want an apology.,Skimming7 What have policemen,A simple way to keep law and order,译文,Digging,People are often frustrated by a complicated justice system when all they want is an apology, says Boris Johnson.,1,Uh-oh, I thought, this is where it all goes wrong. The car in front of us came screaming to a stop and the driver door slammed. Towards us he walked, face pale, eyes burning like coals.,Background Info.,A simple way to keep law and o,2,As he opened our car door I half expected him to pull a knife from his white jeans. In the instant before he physically attacked our driver I remembered the information in the guidebook.,Digging,3,Morocco, said the guide, has very little crime. You may be offered all sorts of things at extraordinary prices, but no one, said the guidebook, will threaten you with violence.,2 As he opened our car door,大家有疑问的，可以询问和交流,可以互相讨论下，但要小声点,大家有疑问的，可以询问和交流可以互相讨论下，但要小声点,译文,Digging,4,After two days walking around the city of,Marrakesh, I found that this was correct. Everybody smiled. Nobody so much as,bumped,into us. No one even raised his voice, except the,muezzin,.,5,Which made it all the more surprising to see this volcano of rage. The young man, of about 19, shouted at our driver to come out of the car and then aimed a kick at his head.,译文Digging4 After two days wa,译文,Digging,6,As the guidebook had predicted, however, the police were almost immediately on the scene.,7,First across the road were two traffic cops. The,taxi driver shouted at the man who had attacked,him in what sounded like severe language.,译文Digging6 As the guidebook,译文,Digging,8,More police arrived in a van proclaiming them to belong to the Sret Nationale. Out stepped a man in a leather jacket. Both sides began explaining their cases, the taxi driver complaining that he was the victim of physical violence, the kids protesting that the taxi had cut them up.,译文Digging8 More police arriv,译文,Digging,9,The policeman clapped his hands for silence. His brown eyes looked into mine. Tell me what happened, he said. The chap had indeed kicked at the taxi driver, I asserted, though whether the boot had connected with the head I could not say.,译文Digging9 The policeman cla,译文,Digging,10,Suddenly the policeman clapped his hands again and barked Arabic at everyone. Thats it, I assumed: We are all going to be taken off to the police station for a few boring hours. Then things got very odd indeed.,译文Digging10 Suddenly the poli,译文,Digging,11,First the cop spoke kindly to the taxi driver, and then kissed him on his head. Then the 19-year-old made a short speech to the taxi driver, bowed and kissed him on the cheek. Then his male passenger also embraced the taxi driver and there was general shaking of hands and embracing by everyone. And that believe me was it.,译文Digging11 First the cop sp,译文,Digging,12,As we drove off for the remains of our evening, the taxi driver was full of his triumph. He had been offered money by the young man, which he had refused, but he had been given an apology. Honour, he felt, was satisfied.,译文Digging12 As we drove off f,译文,Digging,13,Now what would we think if our police brought people to justice by ordering them to apologize on the spot, to pay compensation for any injury done, and to complete the procedure by giving them a kiss?,14,Wed think it pretty strange. But think of the saving in police time, legal fees and general public expense, and the improvement in the crime figures!,译文Digging13 Now what would w,Digging,15,In 1861 the famous English lawyer Sir Henry Maine stated that the movement of progressive societies has been from status to contract. Maine suggested that societies legal structures began by imitating the family. Just as a son was expected to obey his father, so a subject was expected to obey his king.,Digging15 In 1861 the famou,Digging,16,And there is no doubt that the status of the,king, in Morocco, is still very high, and his representative the leather-jacketed cop has an authority that you dont find in policemen in mature Western democratic countries, who dont have the status to resolve disputes in the street. They have procedures, and rules, and I think thats quite right too. The movement from status to contract is good because it protects the individual against corruption and the arbitrary exercise of power.,Digging16 And there is no dou,Digging,17,But it has also made obtaining justice complicated, expensive, slow and frustrating. Ask anyone who goes to court, or to the police, to make a complaint and seek justice. What they want, very often, is not money or to punish someone.,Digging17 But it has also ma,Digging,18,What they want is for a public admission that they have been wronged. What they want is an apology.,19,That is what the cab driver got, and that is why he was so happy. He was so happy that he even reduced our fare.,20,He still cheated us,mind you,. There is some way to go in the movement towards paying whats on the meter in Moroccan taxis.,End,Digging18 What they want is,1.,Uh-oh, I thought, ,(Line 1, Para 1),uh-oh:,a sound of apprehension which means “Oh dear! Something bad is going to happen.”,Difficult sentences,1. Uh-oh, I thought, (Line 1,Difficult sentences,2.,Towards us he walked, face pale, eyes burning like coals.,(Line 3, Para 1),eyes burning like coals:,a simile, expressing the young mans look of red-hot anger,Difficult sentences 2. Towards,Difficult sentences,3.,Which made it all the more surprising to see this volcano of rage.,(Line 1, Para 5),volcano of rage:,a metaphor which indicates the young man is exploding with his anger,Difficult sentences 3. Which m,Difficult sentences,4.,First across the road were two traffic cops.,(Line 1, Para 7),cop:,a neutral slang term for police officers. The full form is copper, which refers to people who cop (,抓，获,) or catch criminals.,Difficult sentences 4. First a,Difficult sentences,5.,More police arrived in a van proclaiming them to belong to the Sret Nationale.,(Line 1, Para 8),The police did not necessarily say they were from the police authority, as there was a sign on the side of the van to indicate this.,Difficult sentences 5. More po,Difficult sentences,6.,In 1861 the famous English lawyer Sir Henry Maine stated that the movement of progressive societies has been from status to contract.,(Line 1, Para 15),The writer suggests as the policeman represents the king of Morocco, people will as a result obey him. In a democracy, the policeman represents the public; as he is their own representative, they will not simply obey his orders.,status:,It refers to the authority with a high position.,contract:,It means the system of agreements which makes a democratic society work, ie the balance of rights and duties.,Difficult sentences 6. In 1861,Difficult sentences,7.,The movement from status to contract is good because it protects the individual against corruption and the arbitrary exercise of power.,(Line 8, Para 16),the arbitrary exercise of power:,The expression indicates if a police officer can tell people what to do, his decisions may be based on friendship, prejudice, corruption etc. The British attitude is that power needs to be spread out, exercised openly and follow routines and rules.,Difficult sentences 7. The mov,Difficult sentences,8.,He still cheated us, mind you.,(Line 1, Para 20),This is intended as a humorous ending.,mind you:,It is used when saying something that is almost the opposite of what you have just said, or thatexplains or emphasizes it; an informal way of saying,though,. (Examples),Difficult sentences 8. He stil,apology,释义,n.,C a statement that tells someone that you are sorry for doing something wrong or causing a problem,道歉；认错,例句,They were kind enough to accept my apology.,他们非常宽厚，接受了我的道歉。,翻译,Words,例句,He made an apology to me for losing my book.,他为丢了我的书而向我道歉。,翻译,apology 释义n. C a statement t,释义,1,n.,sing an exact point in time,当时；那一刻,例句,Please call the instant they arrive.,他们一到,你,就请,给我,打电话。,翻译,Words,instant,例句,He took out his keys to lock the door. At that very instant the door flew open and a man ran into the room.,他掏出钥匙准备锁门，就在那一刹那，门突然被推开，一个人跑进了房间。,翻译,真题,You see the lightning the instant it happens, but you hear the thunder later. (Jan. 1997. CET-4, Vocabulary and Structure),释义1n. sing an exact point in,释义,2,n.,C (usu sing) an extremely short period of time, that ends almost immediately,片刻；顷刻；刹那,例句,His news was too important to be contained for a single instant longer.,他的消息太重要了，必须马上送出去,，,片刻都不耽误地。,翻译,Words,例句,The accident happened in an instant.,事故发生在一瞬间。,翻译,instant,释义2n. C (usu sing) an extrem,释义,例句,Sandra threatened to run away from home.,桑德拉威胁说要离家出走。,翻译,Words,vt.,to tell someone that you might or you will cause them harm, especially in order to make them do something,威胁,例句,Dont you threaten me!,你不要威胁我！,翻译,threaten,真题,It is predicted that heavy rains are threatening to flood the area in a few days. (Jan. 1992. CET-4, Vocabulary and Structure),释义例句Sandra threatened to run a,bump,释义,vi.,to hit or knock against something,猛碰；撞,例句,It was so dark I bumped into a tree.,天太黑了，我撞到了树上。,翻译,Words,例句,翻译,I,bumped my knee on the corner of the desk.,我不小心把膝盖撞到了桌角上。,短语,：,bump into,bump 释义vi. to hit or knock ag,释义,vt.,to say what you think will happen in the future,预测；预言,例句,翻译,Words,例句,Economists are predicting a fall in interest rates.,翻译,经济学家预言利率将会下降。,Its almost impossible to predict when or where a earthquake will occur.,几乎不可能预测出,地震发生,的时间或地点。,predict,真题,Though the long-term effect cannot be predicted, the project has been approved by the committee. (Jun. 1994, CET-4, Vocabulary and structure),释义vt. to say what you think wi,释义,vt.,to state something publicly,公开声明；宣布,例句,Their religion encouraged them to proclaim their faith.,他们的宗教鼓励他们公开表明自己的信仰。,翻译,Words,例句,Phillips has repeatedly proclaimed his innocence.,菲利普斯不断地声明自己是清白的。,翻译,proclaim,释义vt. to state something publ,victim,释义,n.,C someone who has been affected by a bad situation such as an accident or illness,(事故的) 受害者；患病者,例句,Those children are the sad victims of their parents divorce.,那些孩子因父母离婚而成为可怜的牺牲品。,翻译,Words,例句,Flood victims spent the night in local shelters.,遭受洪灾的灾民在当地的避难所里过夜。,翻译,victim 释义n. C someone who h,clap,释义,v.,to hit your hands together, for example to get someones attention or because you are happy,(为吸引某人注意或因高兴而) 拍手,例句,The teacher,clapped her hands, calling,the kids,back to order,.,老师拍手示意孩子们安静下来。,翻译,Words,例句,She clapped her hands and shouted, Rosie, stop that now!,她拍了拍手喊道,:“,罗齐，快停下！”,翻译,clap 释义v. to hit your hands to,释义,vi.,to hit your hands together many times to show that you like something or admire someone,鼓掌,例句,They clapped as the president entered the room.,总统走进房间时，他们鼓起掌来。,翻译,Words,例句,The audience was clapping wildly as she sang the last words of the song.,翻译,当她唱到最后一句歌词时，观众们疯狂地鼓掌。,clap,真题,It is fairly common in Africa for there to be an ensemble of expert musicians surrounded by others who join in by clapping, singing, or somehow adding to the totality of musical sound. (Jan. 1995, CET-4, Reading Comprehension),释义vi. to hit your hands togeth,assert,释义,vt.,to state firmly that something is true,断言；声称,例句,Its hard for shy people to assert themselves in a group.,腼腆的人很难在群体中坚持自己的主张。,翻译,Words,例句,She always manages to assert her point of view.,她总是能明确地说出自己的观点。,翻译,assert 释义vt. to state firmly,释义,vt.,to believe that something is true, even though you have no proof,认为；以为,例句,翻译,Words,If you assume his innocence, who do you think the criminal is?,如果你认为他无罪,那么你觉得罪犯是谁呢?,例句,翻译,Everyone accepted she was telling the truth, although in fact this was quite a lot to assume.,每个人都认为她在讲真话，虽然实际上有很大程度是想当然的。,assume,真题,They assume the new generation of young people must be hopeless in this respect. (Jan. 1996, CET-4, Reading Comprehension),释义vt. to believe that somethin,triumph,释义,1,n.,U the proud or excited feeling you get when you have won something or been successful,胜利的喜悦之情；成功的满足感,例子,翻译,Words,例句,翻译,Her sense of triumph was short-lived.,她成功的喜悦,很,短暂。,a cry of triumph,胜利的欢呼,真题,If his aim is accurate and he scores a goal, he enjoys the hunters triumph of killing his prey (,猎物,). (Jun. 1992, CET-4, Reading Comprehension),triumph释义1n. U the proud or,释义,2,n.,C, U an exciting victory or success,胜利；成功,例句,翻译,Words,例句,翻译,Marys final triumph was to see both of her boys go to college.,玛丽最大的成功就是看到自己的两个儿子都考上了大学。,They returned home in triumph.,他们胜利归来。,triumph,释义2n. C, U an exciting victo,compensation,释义,n.,U money that someone receives because something bad has happened to them,补偿金；赔偿金,例句,翻译,Words,He received one years salary as compensation for loss of office.,他得到一年的工资作为失去职位的补偿金。,例句,翻译,People who are wrongly arrested,can claim for,compensation.,被错误逮捕的人,可以主张,得到赔偿。,compensation 释义n. U money th,释义,a.,supporting social and political change that aims to make a system fairer,(在社会和政治方面) 改良的；进步的；先进的,例子,翻译,Words,a progressive administration,进步的政府,例句,翻译,The new,mayor,is quite progressive.,新任市长思想相当开明。,progressive,释义a. supporting social and pol,contract,释义,n.,C a written legal agreement between two people or businesses that says what each must do for the other or give to the other,合同；契约,例句,翻译,Words,Read the contract carefully before you sign it.,签署合同以前要仔细阅读。,Our company decided to cancel the contract because a number of the conditions in it had not been met. (Jun. 1993, CET-4, Vocabulary and Structure),真题,例句,翻译,You should never sign a contract without getting legal advice first.,你在没有进行法律咨询之前决不要签合同。,contract 释义n. C a writte,imitate,释义,1,vt.,to copy something,仿制；仿效,例句,翻译,Words,你弟弟效仿你，因为他喜欢你。,Your little brother imitates you because he likes you.,例句,翻译,有独创性的作家不是不模仿别人,，,而是别人模仿不了他。,An original writer is not one who imitates nobody, but one whom nobody can imitate.,Those who imitate a genuine hero experience life with new depth, enthusiasm, and meaning. (Jan. 2003, CET-4, Reading Comprehension),真题,imitate释义1vt. to copy somethi,释义,2,例句,翻译,Words,演员把总统模仿得惟妙惟肖。,The actor imitated the President perfectly.,He has a unique ability to imitate any sound he has heard.,例句,翻译,他有能模仿听到的任何声音的特殊才能。,vt.,to copy someones actions, words, or behaviour, often in order to make people laugh,(常为取悦他人而) 模仿 (某人的动作、言语或行为),imitate,释义2例句翻译Words演员把总统模仿得惟妙惟肖。The a,mature,释义,1,a.,fully grown and developed,成年的；成熟的,例句,翻译,Words,紫罗兰成株能长到大约12英寸高。,Mature violets reach a height of about 12 inches.,Meat from mature animals is often tough.,例句,翻译,成年动物的肉常比较硬。,mature 释义1a. fully grown and,释义,2,a.,behaving in the sensible way that you would,expect an adult to behave,成熟的,例句,翻译,Words,约翰对工作总是表现出一种老成持重的态度。,John has always shown a mature attitude to his work.,例句,翻译,他们在情感上已经成熟，应该负责任地行事。,They are emotionally mature and should behave responsibly.,mature,He has been teaching for sixteen years, and is able to think and speak like a mature adult. (Jan. 1996, CET-4, Reading Comprehension),真题,释义2a. behaving in the sensible,democratic,释义,a.,based on the principle that all people are equal and should be able to share in making decisions,民主管理的,例句,翻译,Words,他们有比较民主的政府形式。,They have a fairly democratic form of government.,例句,翻译,有些人喜欢更民主的养育方式，称他们担心对孩子过于严格。,Some people favor a more democratic style of parenting, saying they fear being too strict with their children.,democratic 释义a. based on th,释义,n.,C, U a serious disagreement, especially one between groups of people that lasts for a long time,(尤指长时间的) 争论；争端；纠纷,There were lengthy internal disputes between the two wings of the party.,该政党的两派之间长期存在内部分歧。,Phrases,例句,翻译,The miners were in dispute with their employers over pay.,矿工们与雇主们在工资问题上发生了纠纷。,例句,翻译,dispute,After a few rounds of talks, both sides regarded the territory dispute as settled. (Jun. 1998, CET-4, Vocabulary and Structure),真题,释义n. C, U a serious disagree,释义,例句,翻译,这个警方机构的建立是为了打击贪污腐败。,corruption,n.,U dishonest or illegal behaviour by officials or people in positions of power, especially when they accept money in exchange for doing things for someone,腐败行为； (尤指) 受贿,Phrases,This police unit was established to fight corruption.,例句,翻译,她因一桩腐败丑闻下台了。,She was brought down by a corruption scandal.,释义例句翻译这个警方机构的建立是为了打击贪污腐败。 corr,释义,1,a.,used about actions that are considered to be unfair,肆意的；专断的；武断的,Phrases,例句,翻译,Their reasons for firing Mr. Casey seemed arbitrary.,他们解雇凯西先生的理由似乎是武断的。,例句,翻译,Arbitrary arrests and detention without trial were common in that country.,随意逮捕和拘留在那个国家屡见不鲜。,arbitrary,释义1 a. used about actions that,释义,2,例句,翻译,我对那些书均无了解，因此我的选择十分随意。,I didnt know anything about any of the books, so my choice was quite arbitrary.,a.,not based on any particular plan or done for any particular reason,任意的；随意的,Phrases,例句,翻译,The decision is to some extent arbitrary.,这个决定在某程度上,有点随意,。,arbitrary,释义2例句翻译我对那些书均无了解，因此我的选择十分随意。I,释义,例句,翻译,我对这些食物有意见。,complaint,I,have a complaint about the food.,n.,C, U a written or spoken statement in which someone says they are not satisfied with something,投诉；意见,Phrases,例句,翻译,We have received a number of complaints about your conduct.,我们收到许多对你行为的投诉。,The manager assured the customer that his complaint would be seen to immediately. (Jan. 1993, CET-4, Vocabulary and Structure),真题,释义例句翻译我对这些食物有意见。 complaint I h,释义,例句,翻译,她很懒，这点连她自己都承认。,She is, by her own admission, lazy.,n.,C a statement accepting that something is true, especially something that you have done that you are sorry about,承认；供认,Phrases,例句,翻译,His departure was seen by many as an admission of guilt.,在很多人看来，他的离去就等于是承认自己有过失。,admission,释义例句翻译她很懒，这点连她自己都承认。 She is, b,释义,例句,翻译,心地善良反被人错怪。,wrong,Kind hearts are soonest wronged.,vt.,(fml) to treat or judge someone in an unfair way,不公正地对待；冤枉,Phrases,例句,翻译,Both athletes felt they had been wronged by the committees decision.,两名运动员都觉得委员会的决定使他们受了冤枉。,释义例句翻译心地善良反被人错怪。 wrong Kind he,释义,1,例句,翻译,在拥挤的街道上行走时，必须四周看看，免
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