高中英语名词性从句ppt课件

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,并列句,(compound sentence),复合句,(complex sentence),简单句,(simple sentence),英语句子的种类,并列句 (compound sentence)复合句 (c,简单句的五种,基本,句型,1. The weather,is,very cold.,主语,+,谓语（系动词）,+,表语,2. He,laughed,.,主语,+,谓语（,vi,.,）,3. I,like,Chinese food,.,主语,+,谓语,(,vt,.)+,宾语,简单句的五种基本句型1. The weather is ve,4. She,taught,them,physics,.,主语,+,谓语,(,vt,.)+,间接宾语,+,直接宾语,5. We must keep the room,warm,.,主语,+,谓语,(,vt,.) +,宾语,+,宾语补足语,4. She taught them physics.,并列句,把两个或几个简单句用并列连词连接起来。,I turned on the TV. My sister and I watched it.,I turned on the TV,and,my sister and I watched it.,I bought my sister a present. She didnt like it.,I bought my sister a present,but,she didnt like it.,并列句,并列句,并列句 I turned on the TV.,平行,并列连词：,转折,并列连词：,因果,并列连词：,选择,并列连词：,and, bothand, not only but also, neithernor,but, however, while, yet,or,eitheror,for, so,常用并列连词,平行并列连词： and, bothand, not o,复合句,:,主句,+,从句,名词,性从句,定语从句,状语从句,主语从句,表语从句,宾语从句,同位语从句,复合句:主句+从句名词性从句主语从句,Noun Clauses,名词性从句,Noun Clauses 名词性从句,名词性从句在功能上相当于名词,在复合句,中能担任主语、宾语、表语、同位语等。,主语,His job,is important,.,What he does,is important,.,表语,This is,his job.,This is,what he does every day,.,名词性从句在功能上相当于名词, 在复合句主语 His,宾语,I dont like,his job,.,I dont like,what he does every day,.,同位语,I dont know about the man, Mr. White,.,I dont know about the fact,that he is a teacher.,宾语I dont like his job.I dont,宾语从句,表语从句,宾语从句,主语从句,同位语从句,Practice time,：指出下列各名词性从句的种类。,1. She wondered if the buses would still be running.,2. The truth is that the fog is too thick for the bus to run that far.,3. She sensed that she was being watched by a tall man in a dark coat.,4. When we will start is not clear.,5. I had no idea that you were her friend.,宾语从句表语从句宾语从句主语从句同位语从句Practice,Object Clauses,宾语从句,Object Clauses,I know him .,2. I know who he is .,主语,谓语,宾语,（简单句）,主语,谓语,宾 语 从 句,连词,从句主语,从句谓语,主 句,（复合句）,句子作宾语就是宾语从句,，跟在,及物动词,或,介词,后。,句子结构：,主句,+,连词（引导词）,+,宾语从句,I know him . 主语谓语宾语（简,一、宾从类型,1. vt +,宾从,I think that you are right.,2. Vi +,介词,+,宾从,Our success depends on how closely we cooperate.,一、宾从类型,3. vt +,间接宾语,+,宾从,He informs me when to leave.,同类型,4. Vt+,宾从,+,宾补,He has made that he wont agree to the plan clear.,可用,it,作形式宾语，而把真正的宾 语从句后置。,He has make,it,clear,that he wont agree to the plan,.,3. vt + 间接宾语+宾从,5. Be + adj.+,宾从,I am afraid that I have made a mistake.,We are pleasant that we have again overcome difficulties.,5. Be + adj.+ 宾从,在主句为动词,be,加某些形容词（如,sorry,sure, afraid, glad,等）作表语时，后面所跟的省略,that,的从句也可算是,宾语从句,。,Im sorry,(that),I dont know.,Were sure,(that),our team will win.,Im afraid,(that),he wont pass the exam.,在主句为动词be加某些形容词（如sorry, sure, a,二、连词（引导词）,1.,连词,that, if / whether,2.,连接代词,what, whatever, who, whoever, whom, whose, which, whichever,等,.,3.,连接副词,when, where, why, how,等,.,二、连词（引导词）,1.,连词,that,，一般引导,陈述句,，,that,在从句中,不作任何成分,，也,没有任何具体意思,，因此在口语或非正式文体中,常省略。,1. 连词that，一般引导陈述句，that在从句中不作任何,Lin Tao feels,(that) his own team is even better.,She says,(that) she wont take part in the sports meeting next Sunday.,Jim thought,(that) the train was like a big moving party.,宾语从句中的连接词,that,在以下情况下不能省略：,（,1,）当,that,从句与另一名词性从句并列作宾语时，,第二个,that,不能省；,Everyone knew (that) this test is important,and that,she was worried.,（,2,）当,that,从句作介词宾语时，,that,不可省掉；,The reason lies,in that,she works harder than the others do.,（,3,）用,it,作形式宾语的宾语从句中,that,不能省掉；,I think,it,necessary,that,you should read English aloud.,宾语从句中的连接词that在以下情况下不能省略：,（,4,）当,that,从句与谓语分离时，,that,不能省；,I realize,at once that,I must have done something wrong.,(5),短语,except that,（除了）中的,that,I know nothing about her except,that,she is from Florida.,（4）当that 从句与谓语分离时，that不能省；,2. If / whether,在从句中不做成分，有意义“是否” ”，不能省略。,一般引导,是一般疑问句,的宾语从句。,Lily wanted to know,if /whether,her grandma liked the handbag.,Lets see,if /whether,we can find out some information about that city.,She asked me,if /whether,she could borrow these books.,2. If / whether Lily wanted to,whether,和,if,都可以引导宾语从句,a.,当有,or/,or not / to do,时就用,whether,不用,if,。,I dont know,whether or not,I will stay.,b.,介词,后面的宾语从句不能用,if,。,I worry,about whether,I hurt her feeling.,注意,whether,和,if,的使用区别（,whether,使用范围更广）,:,whether和if都可以引导宾语从句 注意 wheth,Choose “if / whether”,1. I asked her _ she had a bike.2. Were worried about _ he is safe.3. I dont know _ he is well or not.4. I dont know _ or not he is well.5. I dont know _ I should go.,if / whether,whether,whether,whether,whether/if,_,to go,.,whether,Choose “if / whether”1. I ask,3.,当宾语从句是,特殊疑问句,时，由,疑问词,（,what, who, whom, which, whose,(,连接代词,),when, where, how, why,（连接副词）等,）引导，因为疑问词在从句中担任一定的句子成分，具有一定的意义，所以,不可以省略。,Do you know,what,he said just now?,I dont remember,when,we arrived.,I asked him,where,I could get so much money.,Please tell me,who/whom,we have to see.,Do you know,what,time the plane leaves?,3. 当宾语从句是特殊疑问句时，由疑问词（what, who,三、注意考点,1.,时态,（,1,）,如果,主句是现在的时态,（包括一般现在时 ，现在进行时，现在完成时），,从句的时态可根据实际情况而定,，（包括一般现在时，一般过去时，一般将来时，现在完成时等）。,I,know,he,lives,here.,I,know,he,lived,here ten years ago.,I,have heard,that he,will come,tomorrow.,三、注意考点I know he lives here.,（,2,）,如果主句是过去的时态,（包括一般过去时，过去进行时），,那么从句的时态一定要用相对应的过去的某种时态,（包括一般过去时，过去进行时，过去将来时， 过去完成时）,I knew who,lived,here.,I saw she,was talking with,her mother.,He asked whether his father,would come back,tomorrow.,He said that he,had seen,it .,（2）如果主句是过去的时态（包括一般过去时，过去进行时），那,（,3,）,从句是客观真理、定义、公理、定理等时用,一般现在时,。,The teacher said that the earth,travels,around the sun.,（3）从句是客观真理、定义、公理、定理等时用一般现在时。Th,2.,语序,宾语从句的语序用,陈述语序,：连接词,+,主语,+,谓语,+,其他成分。,I dont know,what is the matter/the trouble/wrong,with him.,2. 语序I dont know what is the,1. When will he go to the library?,His brother asks when,he will go to,the library .,His brother asks when,will he go to,the library .,2. What does he want to buy ?,I dont know what,he wants to,buy .,I dont know what,does he want to,buy .,【,即学即练,】,1. When will he go to the libr,3.,否定转移,（,1,）,如果,主句主语是第一人称,（包括,I,，,we,），与动词,think, expect, believe, guess, suppose,等连用，后接宾语从句时，通常将从句的否定转移到主句谓语动词，形成否定前移。,I,dont,suppose Jack is used to this diet.,N,：如果主句主语是第二人称呢？,You suppose Jack,isnt,used to this diet.,N:,反意疑问句？,I,dont,suppose Jack is used to this diet, is he?,3. 否定转移,4.,形式宾语,it,什么情况下会用到形式宾语,it,（,1,）在句型,Vt+,宾从,+,宾补中，可用,it,作形式宾语，而把真正的宾 语从句后置。,We found,that no one would take the money,strange.,We found,it,strange,that no one would take the money,.,4. 形式宾语 it,（,2,）有些词，后习惯一个形式宾语,it,，再接宾语从句,第一类：表示喜好、憎恶等词：,hate, love, like, appreciate, enjoy,等。,I hate,it,when my computer crashes.,She really enjoy,it,that her friends treat her friendly.,第二类：,rely on, depend on, see to, owe,Would you see to,it,that the villagers have clean drinking water?,You may rely on,it,that he comes on time.,.,（2）有些词，后习惯一个形式宾语it，再接宾语从句,5.,虚拟语气,一些含有假设、猜想、建议等意思的动词后面的宾语从句要用“（,should,）,+do,”结构, should,可以省略。这类动词有,: advise, arrange, command, demand, desire, insist, order, propose, require, request, suggest,等。如：,I suggested,that he,(should) study,harder.,5. 虚拟语气,1.,The young man asked _ its summer or winter.,A. either B. that C. weather D. whether,2.,We dont know _ they did it .,A. how B. who C. what D. which,3. The teacher asks us _ Jim can come back on time .,A. that B. if C. when D. what time,4. Does anybody know _ we will have a sports meeting this weekend or not ?,A. if B. where C. whether D. that,D,A,B,C,【,达标训练,】,1.The young man asked _ i,5. Could you show me _ ?,A. how can I get to the station,B. where is the station,C. how I could get to the station,D. how I can reach the station,6. Please tell me _.,A. what does he like B. what he does like,C. what he likes D. what he like,7. My sister told him _ .,A. what day was it B. when the train arrived,C. who she was waiting D. where did you live,C,B,D,5. Could you show me _,8. Someone is ringing the doorbell . Go and see _.,A. who is he B. who he is C. who is it D. who it is,9. He says that if it _ tomorrow, he _ fishing .,A. will rain ;wont go B. rained ; wasnt go,C. rains,；,wont go D. rain ; will go,C,D,8. Someone is ringing the door,Predicative Clauses,表语从句,Predicative Clauses 表,表语从句是在复合句中作表语的名词性从句,放在系动词之后,一般结构是“主语,+,系动词,+,表语从句”。可以接表语从句的系动词有,be, look, remain, appear, seem,。,表语从句是在复合句中作表语的名词性从句, 放在系动词之后,一,连接词：,连词：,that / whether,（ if,不引导表语从句,),连接代词：,who / whom / whose / which / what,连接副词：,when / where / why / how /,其他连词：,because,/ as,/as if /as though,E.g.,The question is,whether,we can rely on,him.,That,s,why,I was late.,连接词：E.g.The question is whethe,其他连词：,because,/ as,/as if /as though,Because ,的原因,That,s,because,we were in need of money at,that time.,2. as,和,一样,Things were not,as,we seemed to be.,As if / as though,好像,一般接在,seem,，,look,，,appear , sound,后，可能是陈述语气，可能是虚拟语气。,He looked,as if,he was going to cry.,（陈述）,It seems,as though,it would rain. (,虚拟,),其他连词： because / as /as if /as,注意考点：,在表语从句中，表“是否” 时，只能用 “,whether”,不能用“,i,f”。,表语从句中“,that”,不能省。,It is /was because .,+,原因,It is because I am nervous.,It is /was why.,+,结果,It is why I failed in the exam.,注意考点：,注意考点：,4.,The reason is,/,was,that,.,+,原因,The reason is that Im nervous.,5.,The reason (why/for)is /was,that,.,The reason why I failed in the exam is that Im nervous.,注意考点：,注意考点：,6.,虚拟语气,主语是表示“建议，命令，要求”等名词时，表语从句应该用虚拟语气 “（,should,）,+ do,”,名词有：,suggestion,，,advice,，,proposal,，,order,，,command,，,request,，,requirement,，,demand,等。,My,suggestion,is that we,(should) set,off early tomorrow.,注意考点：,1.,Thats _ the Party called on us to do.,A. why B. what C. how D. that,2. The reason is _ he is unable to operate the machine.,A. because B. why C.,that D.,w,hether,3 .That is _ they separated.,A. that B. what C. which D. where,【,即学即练,】,B,C,D,1. Thats _ the Party called,Subject Clauses,主语从句,Subject Clauses 主语从句,二、连词（引导词）,1.,连词,that, whether,2.,连接代词,what, whatever, who, whoever, whom, whose, which, whichever,等,.,3.,连接副词,when, where, why, how,等,.,二、连词（引导词）,1.,连词,that,，一般引导,陈述句,，,that,在从句中,不作任何成分,，也,没有任何具体意思,从句中不能省略。,1. 连词that，一般引导陈述句，that在从句中不作任何,1. That we shall be late is certain.,2. _ is known to us all. (,地球是圆的,),3. _ is a pity. (,你错过了这次机会,),That the earth is round,That you missed the chance,1. That we shall be late is ce,2 . whether,在从句中不做成分，有意义“是否” ”，不能省略。,whether,her grandma liked the handbag remains to be seen.,whether,we can find out some information about that city depends on her,attempt.,2 . whether whether her grandm,3.,连接副词,what, who, whom, which, whose,，,具有一定的意义，在从句中当主语、宾语或定语。所以,不可以省略。,What he said,is not true .,Whoever comes,is welcome.,Which boy will be chosen,depends on the coachs decision.,3. 连接副词 what, who, whom, which,4.,连接副词,when, where, how, why,在从句中担任状语，具有一定的意义，所以,不可以省略。,Where he hid the money,is to be found out .,How we can help the twins,will be discussed at the meeting,When theyll start the project,has not been decided yet.,4.连接副词when, where, how, why 在从,注意一,:,主语从句后置,为了避,免主语冗长,句子头重脚轻,经常,用,it,作形式主语,主语从句放在后面作真正的主语。,That we shall be late is certain.,Its certain that we shall be late.,That the earth is round is known to us all.,由连词,whether,连接代词,what, who, which,和连接副词,when,where,why,how,等引导,也常常后置。,It is not sure whether he has passed the test.,It remains to be decided when to set off.,Its known to us all that the earth is round.,注意考点：,注意一:主语从句后置Its known to us al,It,的用法： （形式主语）,It + be + adj.+ that,Its possible/important/necessary/clear that,很可能,/,重要的是,/,必要的是,/,很清楚,It + be + done + that,Its said/ reported that.,据说,/,据报道,Its been announced/declared that,已经通知,/,宣布,It + vi. .+ that,It seems/appears/happens. that,显然,/,碰巧,N:,如果主从后面是表从或宾从时，不能用,it,做形式主语的。,What moved us,is,that he lost his wife in order to save others.,It 的用法： （形式主语）,注意二 ：主语从句中 ，谓语单复数问题,主语从句中 ，动词一般用单数,When should we leave,is up to Jack.,Why he made such decision,remains unknown.,但是,what,引导的主语从句，有时根据表语决定。,What he needs,is,that book.,What he needs,are,some books.,What many people believes,is,that no pain no gain.,两个并列的主语从句谓语用,复数,When they will start and where they will go,have,not been decided.,两个并列的疑问词引导同一个主语从句时，谓语用,单数,。,When and where the meeting will be held,has,not been decided yet.,注意二 ：主语从句中 ，谓语单复数问题两个并列的主语从句谓语,注意三：,what,与,that,引导主语从句的区别,what,引导名词性从句时在从句中,充当句子成分,如主语、宾语、表语,而,that,则不然,它在句子中,只起连接作用,。例如：,(1),What,you said yesterday is right.,(2),That,she is still alive is a puzzle.,注意四：主从的语序问题,陈述语气：主,+,谓,+,宾,如：,What,you said yesterday is right.,That,she is still alive is a puzzle.,注意三：what 与 that 引导主语从句的区别 wha,3. _,is known to us all is that America is a developed country_the First World.,A.,Which; belong to,B,. As,;,belonged to,C,. What; belonging to,D,. It; belonging to,_,he made an important speech at the meeting was true.,A. That B. Why C. What D. How,2. _,well go camping tomorrow depends on the weather.,A,.,If B,.,Whether C,.,That D,.,Where,【,即学即练,】,B,C,A,同位语从句,3. _ is known to us all is t,同位语从句,1.,跟在抽象名词后面，对该名词作进一步解释说明。,常用名词有,belief, fact, idea, hope, news, doubt, result, thought, information, opinion,等。,2. 常用连词：,that, when, where, why, how,同位语从句,E.g.,1),消息传来，拿破仑要来视察他的军队。,2),问题是他如何做这件事。,Word came,that,Napoleon would come and inspect his grand army.,Its the question,how,he did it.,注意：,1),同位语从句多用,that,引导，无意义但不可省略。,2),在,have no idea,之后常用,wh-,引导同位语从句。,I have no idea,where he has gone,.,I have no idea,when he did it,.,E.g. 1)消息传来，拿破仑要来视察他的军队。Word c,2.The Queen of England was on a three-day visit in China./ We heard the news last night.,We heard,the news,last night,that,the Queen of England was on a three-day visit in China,.,_,1.Two thirds of all girls in Britain are on a diet./ The fact worries their parents and teachers a lot.,_,_,The fact,that,two thirds of all girls are on a diet,worries their parents and teachers a lot.,_,【,典题例证,】,2.The Queen of England was on,4.Time travel is possible./ There is no scientific proof for the idea.,3.Teenagers should not spend too much time online./ Many British parents hold the view.,_,Many British parents hold,the view,that,teenagers shouldnt spend too much time online,.,_,_,There is no scientific proof for,the idea,that,time travel is possible.,_,_,4.Time travel is possible./ Th,比较：,1. We expressed the hope,that,they had expected.,我们表达了他们曾经表达过的那种希望。,2. We expressed the hope,that,they would come to visit China again.,我们希望他们再来中国访问,。,定语从句,同位语从句,比较：定语从句同位语从句,区别,that,引导的同位语从句和定语从句：,引导同位语的连词,that,在句中,不作任何句子成分,，而在定语从句中，,that,可以充当,从句的主语或宾语,等。,同位语从句是对前面名词的内容的,具体说明,，而定语从句是对前面的名词,进行修饰，解释为,“,的,”,。,连词,that,在同位语从句中,不可省略,而在定语从句中当它充当,宾语时可以省略,。,区别that引导的同位语从句和定语从句：,Practice:,判断下列各句是同位语从句还是定语从句,1. They expressed the hope,that,they would come to visit China again.,2. The hope that she expressed is,that,they would come to visit China again.,3.The fact,that,she works hard is well known,to us all.,4. I cant stand the terrible noise,that,she is crying loudly.,同位语从句,定语从句,同位语从句,同位语从句,Practice: 判断下列各句是同位语从句还是定语从句1.,B,A,1._,made the school proud was _,more than 90%of the students had been admitted to key universities .,A,.,What,;,because,B,.,What,;,that,C,.,That,;,what,D,.,That,;,because,2.,_,_she couldnt understand was _ fewer and fewer students showed interest in her lessons .,A What / why,B That / what,C What / because,D Why / that,BA1._made the school proud w,【,达标训练,】,1.-Are you thinking about yesterdays game?,-Oh, thats _ .,A. what makes me feel excited,B. whatever I feel excited about,C. how I feel about it,D. when I feel excited,解析：,这是由,what,引导的一个表语从句，在从句中充当主语。故答案为,A,。,A,【达标训练】A,2.-I drove to Zhuhai for the air show last week.,-Is that _ you had a few days off?,A. why B.when C.what D.where,解析,:,这是一个由,why,引导的表语从句,表示原因。这句话的意思是,这就是你离开的原因吗,?,。故答案为,A,。,A,2.-I drove to Zhuhai for the,3.Perseverance is a kind of quality and thats _ it takes to do anything well.,A. what B. that C. which D. why,解析,:,what,在表语从句中作,takes,的宾语,构成“,It takes sth. to do sth.”,的句型。故答案为,A,。,A,3.Perseverance is a kind of qu,4.When you answer questions in a job interview, please remember the golden rule: Always give the monkey exactly_ he wants .,A. what B. which C. when D. that,解析,:,这是一个宾语从句,wants,后面缺少宾语, “Always give the monkey exactly what he wants”,是一句谚语,意思是“永远给予他人他确实想要的东西”。故答案为,A,。,A,4.When you answer questions in,