计算机介绍英文版课件

,*,Click to edit Master text styles,Second level,Third level,Fourth level,Fifth level,Click to edit Master title style,Click to edit Master text styles,Second level,Third level,Fourth level,Fifth level,Click to edit Master title style,*,Teacher: bai yanE-mail:baiyan1,Chapter 1: Introduction to Computers,1,Teacher: bai yanE-mail:bai,Chapter 1 Objectives,Recognize the importance of computer literacy,Define the term computer and identify its components,Explain why a computer is a powerful tool,Recognize the purpose of a network,Discuss the uses of the Internet and the World Wide Web,Distinguish between installing and running a program,Identify the types of software,Describe the categories of computers,Determine how the elements of an information system interact,Identify the types of computer users,Discuss various computer applications in society,Next,2,Chapter 1 ObjectivesRecognize,A World of Computers,What is,computer literacy,?,p. 5 Fig. 1-1,Next,Knowledge and understanding of computers and their uses,Computers are everywhere,3,A World of ComputersWhat is co,How is a,computer,defined?,What Is a Computer?,p. 6,Produces and stores results,Next,Electronic device operating under the control of instructions stored in its own memory,Processes data into,information,Data that is organized, meaningful, and useful,Accepts,data,Raw facts, figures, and symbols,4,How is a computer defined?What,What Is a Computer?,What is the,information,processing cycle,?,p. 6 Fig. 1-2,Next,Input,Process,Output,Storage,Communication,5,What Is a Computer?What is the,The Components of a Computer,What is an,input device,?,p. 7 Fig. 1-3,Click to view Web Link,click Chapter 1, Click Web Linkfrom left navigation,then click Input Devices below Chapter 1,Hardware,used,to enter,data,and instructions,Next,6,The Components of a ComputerWh,The Components of a Computer,What is an,output device,?,p. 8 Fig. 1-3,Hardware that,conveys information to a user,Next,Click to view Web Link,click Chapter 1, Click Web Linkfrom left navigation,then click Output Devices below Chapter 1,7,The Components of a ComputerWh,The Components of a Computer,What is the,system unit,?,p. 8 Fig. 1-3,Next,Box-like case,containing,electronic,components,used to process,data,8,The Components of a ComputerWh,The Components of a Computer,What are two main components on the motherboard?,p. 8,Central Processing Unit (CPU),Also called a,processor,Carries out instructions that tell computer what to do,Next,Memory,Temporary holding place for data and instructions,9,The Components of a ComputerWh,The Components of a Computer,What is,storage,?,p. 8,Storage media,Physical material on which data, instructions, and information are stored,Storage device,Records and retrieves items to and from a storage medium,Next,Holds data, instructions, and information for future use,10,The Components of a ComputerWh,The Components of a Computer,What is,storage media,?,p. 8,Digitalcameras,Handheldcomputers,Portable, thin memory cards used in:,Next,11,The Components of a ComputerWh,The Components of a Computer,What is a floppy disk?,p. 8 Fig. 1-4,Next,Thin, circular, flexible disk enclosed in rigid plastic shell,A USB flash drive is portable, and has much greater storage capacity,12,The Components of a ComputerWh,The Components of a Computer,What is a flash drive?,p. 9 Fig. 1-5,Next,Provides much greater storage capacity than a floppy disk or Zip,disk,Small and lightweight enough to be transported on a keychain or in a pocket,13,The Components of a ComputerWh,The Components of a Computer,What is a flash drive?,Next,Product,Capacity (MB),Interface*,Thumbdrive Touch (),8/16/32/64/128/256/512/1024,USB 1.1,Data Traveler 2.0 Hi-Speed,(),128/256/512/1024,USB 2.0,Handy Steno HT202(),32/64/128/256/512/1024,USB 2.0,Audio Steno BP300(),64/128,USB 1.1,* 1.1 = 12Mbps, 2.0 = 480Mbps,14,The Components of a ComputerWh,The Components of a Computer,What is a hard disk?,p. 9 Fig. 1-6,Next,Provides much greater storage capacity than a floppy disk or USB flash drive,Housed inside the system unit,15,The Components of a ComputerWh,The Components of a Computer,What is a compact disc?,p. 9 Fig. 1-7,Next,Flat, round, portable metal disc,CD-ROM,CD-RW,DVD-ROM,DVD+RW,16,The Components of a ComputerWh,Accuracy,Communications,Why Is a Computer So Powerful?,p. 10,What makes a computer powerful?,Storage,ReliabilityandConsistency,Next,Speed,17,AccuracyCommunicationsWhy Is a,One type is a modem,Networks and the Internet,What is a,network,?,p. 10,Enables a connection between computers,Cables,Cellular radio,Telephone lines,Satellites,Next,Communications Media,Communications Device,Collection of computers and devices connected together,18,One type is a modemNetworks a,To share,Networks and the Internet,What are the reasons to network?,p. 10,Resources,Hardware devices,Software programs,Data,To save time and money,Information,Next,19,To shareNetworks and the Inter,Networks and the Internet,What is a server?,p. 10 Fig. 1-8,Next,Manages the resources on a network,A client accesses the resources on the server,20,Networks and the InternetWhat,Networks and the Internet,What is the,Internet,?,p. 11 Fig. 1-9,Next,Worldwide collection of networks that connects millions of computers,Click to view Web Link,click Chapter 1, Click Web Linkfrom left navigation,then click Internetbelow Chapter 1,21,Networks and the InternetWhat,Networks and the Internet,p. 12 Fig. 1-10,Why do users access the Internet?,Information,Shopping,Banking and Investing,Classes,Entertainment,Next,Communications,22,Networks and the Internetp. 12,Networks and the Internet,What is the,Web,?,p. 13,A,Web site,is a collection of related Web pages,A,Web page,contains text, graphics, sound, video, and links to other Web pages,You can share information by creating Web pages or posting photos on a photo community,Next,Billions of documents, called,Web pages, available to anyone connected to the Internet,23,Networks and the InternetWhat,Computer Software,How do you install a,software,program?,p. 14 Fig. 1-13,Next,A,program,is a series of instructions that tells the computer what to do,Click to view Web Link,click Chapter 1, Click Web Linkfrom left navigation,then click Computer Programs below Chapter 1,24,Computer SoftwareHow do you in,Computer Software,What is,system software,?,p. 15,Operating System (OS),is a set of programs that coordinates all activities among computer hardware devices and allows users to run application software,Utility Programs,allow the user to perform maintenance-type tasks usually related to managing a computer, its devices or its programs,Next,Programs that control the operations of the computer and its devices,25,Computer SoftwareWhat is syste,Computer Software,What is,application software,?,p. 16 Fig. 1-15,Next,Presentation Graphics,Spreadsheet,Database,Word Processing,Programs that perform specific tasks for users,Click to view Web Link,click Chapter 1, Click Web Linkfrom left navigation,then click Application Software below Chapter 1,26,Computer SoftwareWhat is appli,Computer Software,What is a,programmer,?,p. 17 Fig. 1-16,Next,Someone who developsapplication or system software,Programmer writesinstructions todirect computer toprocess data intoinformation,Javascript program,Resulting Internet application,27,Computer SoftwareWhat is a pro,Categories of Computers,p. 18,Next,Personal computers (desktop),Mobile computersand mobile devices,Midrange servers,Mainframe computers,What are the categories of computers?,Supercomputers,28,Categories of Computersp. 18Ne,Computer Software,What is a,graphical user interface (GUI),?,p. 14 Fig. 1-14,Next,Allows you to interact with the software using graphics and icons,Controls how you enter data and how the screen displays information,29,Computer SoftwareWhat is a gra,Personal Computers,What are the two most popular series of,personal computers,?,p. 19 Figs. 1-18,1-19,Next,Click to view Web Link,click Chapter 1, Click Web Linkfrom left navigation,then click Personal Computers below Chapter 1,PC and compatibles use the Windows operating system,Apple Macintosh uses the Macintosh operating system (Mac OS),30,Personal ComputersWhat are the,Personal Computers,What is a,desktop computer,?,p. 19 Fig. 1-18,Next,Designed so all of the components fit on or under a desk or table,31,Personal ComputersWhat is a de,Personal Computers,What is a,notebook computer,?,p. 20 Fig. 1-20,Next,Portable, small enough to fit on your lap,Also called a,laptop computer,Generally more expensive than a desktop computer,Click to view Web Link,click Chapter 1, Click Web Linkfrom left navigation,then click Notebook Computers below Chapter 1,32,Personal ComputersWhat is a no,Handheld Computers,What is a,tablet PC,?,p. 20 Fig. 1-21,Next,Especially useful for taking notes,Resembles a letter-sized slate,Allows you to write on the screen using a digital pen,33,Handheld ComputersWhat is a ta,Handheld Computers,What are,Web-enabled,handheld computers?,p. 21 Fig. 1-23,Allow you to check e-mail and access the Internet,Next,Web-enabled telephone is a “,smart phone,”,34,Handheld ComputersWhat are Web,Handheld Computers,What is a,handheld computer,?,p. 21,Next,Used by mobile employees such as meter readers and delivery people,Small enough to fit in your hand,35,Handheld ComputersWhat is a ha,Handheld Computers,What is a,personal digital assistant (PDA),?,p. 21 Fig. 1-23,Next,Provides personal organizer functions,Calendar,Appointment book,Address book,Calculator,Notepad,Click to view video,36,Handheld ComputersWhat is a pe,Servers,What types of servers are there?,p. 22 and 23 Figs. 1-25,1-27,Midrange server,Powerful, large computer that supports up to a few thousand computers,Mainframe,Very powerful, expensive computer that supports thousands of computers,Supercomputer,The fastest, most powerful, most expensive computer. Used for applications requiring complex mathematical calculations,Next,37,ServersWhat types of servers a,Elements of an Information System,What are information system elements?,p. 24 Fig. 1-28,Next,People,Procedures,Data,Software,Hardware,38,Elements of an Information Sys,Examples of Computer Usage,p. 25 Fig. 1-29,What are five categories of computer users?,Next,39,Examples of Computer Usagep. 2,Examples of Computer Usage,What software is available for a,home user,?,p. 26 Fig. 1-30,Next,40,Examples of Computer UsageWhat,Examples of Computer Usage,p. 28 Fig. 1-33,Local area network (LAN),Productivity software,Specialty software,Web usage,E-mail,Next,What software is available for a,small office/home office,(SOHO) user?,41,Examples of Computer Usagep. 2,Hardware,Examples of Computer Usage,What is available for a,mobile user,?,p. 29 Fig. 1-35,Software,Productivity,Presentation,Personal information manager,Next,42,HardwareExamples of Computer U,Examples of Computer Usage,What are the needs of the,large business user,?,p. 30 Figs. 1-37,1-40,Next,Web access,Public kiosk,Telecommuting,Network,Productivity software,Scheduling,Click to view Web Link,click Chapter 1, Click Web Linkfrom left navigation,then click Enterprise Computing below Chapter 1,43,Examples of Computer UsageWhat,Examples of Computer Usage,What are the needs of a,power user,?,p. 32 Fig. 1-41,Next,Speed and large amounts of storage,Types of power users,Engineers,Architects,Desktop publishers,Graphic artists,44,Examples of Computer UsageWhat,Computer Applications in Society,What are some examples of computer applications in society?,p. 33 Figs. 1-42,1-49,Next,Education,Finance,Government,Healthcare,Science,Publishing,Travel,Industry,Click to view video,45,Computer Applications in Socie,Summary of Introduction to Computers,The importance of computer literacy,The computer and its components,Why is a computer so powerful?,What is a network?,The Internet and the World Wide Web,Installing and running a program,Types of software,Categories of computers,Elements of an information system,Types of computer users,Computer applications in society,Chapter 1 Complete,46,Summary of Introduction to Com,