并列平行结构及练习

高考英语中的 “并列平行结构 ”及应试策略一、 平行结构：由并列连词连接两个或两个以上对等的语言成分构成。二、并列连词及词组(平衡连接词 )：连接多个平行的词、短语、分句或者从句。1.单一式： and, or ,but2.短语式： as well as, rather than ,other than, instead of3.相 关 式 ： both.and,between.and,notonly.but also, from.to,from.until,either.or,neither.nor,the same as, such as,as.as,not.but对连接词连接的成分 要求：形式对称；功能相同（充当同样的句子成分） 。并列平行结构应该是名词和名词，副词和副词，分词和分词，不定式和不定式，动词和动词，句子和句子等的并列，而不能其中一个概念用分词结构表达，而另一个概念用不定式或从句来表达。比如下面两个句子就违反了平行结构的准则：Do some nice things for your parents that they dont expect like cooking, doing the dishes, washing clothes, or clean the floors.三、平行结构主要类型1. 名词和名词平行结构The patients symptoms were fever, dizziness, and headache.2. 形容词和形容词平行结构Early to bed and early to rise makes a man healthy, wealthy and wise.3. 副词和副词平行结构 The work is handsomely and skillfully done.4. 分词平行结构 (现在分词与现在分词/ 过去分词与过去分词 )The boys were running, shouting and laughing.The old man returned home, disappointed and exhausted.5.动名词 doing 平行结构 Henrys work is reading books and writing book reviews.6.动词不定式平行结构On the other hand, 40% think that fees should be charged because you need moneyto pay gardeners andother workers, and to buy plants and young trees.7. 介词短语平行结构1） Your semester grade is based not only on how well you do on each test,but also on how you participate inclass.2） We often go to the countryside as well as to factories.8. 谓语动词平行结构谓语形式时态要一致He went downtown, bought some books and visited his daughter.Gunpowder was discovered in the twelfth century, but not used in warfare until two hundred years later.9. 排列位置的平行1主 not only谓 but also 谓 对Not only 主谓（倒）， 主 +also+谓Not only主谓（倒装）， but also 谓错Not only主谓（倒）but 主谓10. 句子的并列（并列句）I was tired, but I felt happy.四、在高考中的体现及解题思路解题思路：当并列连词连接两项或多项对等成分时，这些被连接的成分必须是同一词性、同一形式。特别要注意出现三项以上(含三项 )的并列成分。在短文改错中的体现：违反平行结构的准则是高考短文改错惯用的出题手段之一。1 I was often a little tired after a day s work and watch TV demands very(1999little全国effort卷短文改错 )2.However my father had to work on Monday so we fly back last Saturday afternoon.（ 2011 全国 )3 However,we seldom felt lonely or helplessly(2004 年天津卷短文改错）在单选中的体现：1.The house belongs to my aunt but she here any more (2006 年全国卷 )A hasht livedB didn t liveC hadnt livedD doesnt live2. The old couple married for 40 years and never once _with each other. (2003 全国卷 )A. they had quarreled.B. they have quarreledC. have they quarreledD. had they quarreled3. She set out soon after dark _ home an hour later. （ 1994 ）A. arrivingB. to arriveC. having arrivedD. and arrived 不规则动词4.website 网站 of the Fire Department in your city, and you will learn a lot about firefighting(湖南卷 )A. Having searchedB. To searchC. SearchingD. Search5. It is worth considering what makes“ convenience ” foods so popular, and _ better ones of your ownA. introducesB. to introduceC. introducingD. introduced6 One learns a language by making mistakes and themA correctB correctingC correctsD to correct7.The country has already sent up three unmanned spacecraft, the most recent _ at the end of last March.A. has been launchedB. having been launchedC. being launchedD. to be launchedThe children went home from the grammar school, their lessons _ for the day. (重庆卷A. finishingB. finishedC. had finishedD. were finished9. On Saturday afternoon, Mrs. Green went to the market, _ some bananas and visited her cousin.A. boughtB. buyingC. to buyD. buy10. He wrote a lot of novels, none of which _ into a foreign language.A. translatingB. translatedC. were translatedD. had translated用并列平行思维改正以下句子。The school bus skidded, turned sideways, then comes to a stop.The mechanic explained the problem, method, and the tools that he was going to use.I meant to give it back to you before four in the afternoon ， and I was hold up on my way back.用并列平行思维写出单词正确形式。The baby in the next room(睡醒 ) and began to cry.(2010 全国 2)He（按下） the button and the doorbell rang.(2009 全国 2)平行并列结构练习21.He paid more attention to what he ate than_.A. what he woreB. that he woreC. that which he woreD. to what he wore2.He would sooner resign than _ part in such dishonest business deals.A. to takeB. TakingC. takeD. have taken3.Communication has created a world economy in which working smarter is more important than_.A. work harderB. working harderC. to work harderD. to working harder4.I was advised _ for reservation.A. to either telephone or to write the hotelB. either to telephone or to write the hotelC. that I should telephone or either write the hotel D. I ought either to telephone or write the hotel5 Having gone there and _ out the truth, she started to cry.A .findingB. findsC. foundD. to find6.My approach is not to pass the test, but _ the prize.A. rather gettingB. to rather getC. rather to getD. more than getting7.The physician considers going to bed early to be more sensible _ late.A. but staying upB. than to stay upC. for staying upD. than staying up8.Nature has a number of different ways of burying and thus_ the past.A. conserveB. ConservingC. preserveD. preserving9.Heat the soup for ten minutes, and then _from the stove.A.you should remove itB. removing itC.to remove itD. remove it10. The purpose of the organization is _ all newcomers to the city and to provide them with any necessary information.A. greetingB. to greetC. having greetedD. to have greeted11. Its better to die on ones feet than_.A. living on ones kneesB. live on ones kneesC.on ones kneesD. to live on ones knees12. When that happens the computer system can be asked for alternatives or the operator _ interrogate ( 讯问 ) the computer to find out what would happen if the officers own solution was put into action.A. ought toB. shouldC. dare toD. can13.Either you come in person, or_.A. to entrust someone with the matterB. entrusting someone with the matterC. you entrust someone with the matterD. you entrusted someone with the matter14.The more precise _ ,the more effective the communication.A. a writers wordsB.that a writers wordsC.there are a writers wordsD. they are a writers words15.Having no money but _ to know, he simply said he would go without dinner.A. not to want anyoneB.not wanting anyoneC.wanted no oneD.to want no one16.I like watching TV_ to the cinema.A.more than to goB. than goingC. more than goingD. rather than to go17.Nowadays people usually prefer driving to_.A. drivingB. driveC.to driveD. drove18. Allen has stated that he has always had a great _ and admiration for the work of the British economist Keynes.A . interestB. interest inC. interesting inD. interested3