资源描述
FROM EINSTEIN TO NANOTECHNOLOGYBAOTOU,APRIL 26,2011THE MAGIC AND BEAUTY of(NANO-)SMALL or WORKING AT AN EVER SMALLER SCALE SHAPED THETECHNICAL REVOLUTIONS OF THE PASTTECHNICAL REVOLUTIONS&MINIATURIZATIONGEO REVOLUTIONTHE WORLD SCALE.1492 WORLD TRADEINDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION MECHANICS,ELECTRICITY 1698,1769FROM MACRO-TO MICRO SCALEPHYSICAL TASKSIT REVOLUTIONTHE MICRO SCALEMICRO-ELECTRONICS,MICRO-MECHANICS .1925.1934 1945,1947SIMPLE MENTAL TASKSNANO REVOLUTION?THE NANO SCALENANO-ELECTRONICS,-MECHANICS,-CHEMISTRY,-BIOLOGY.1905.1979.COMPLEX MENTAL&PHYSICAL TASKS Title:On a Heuristic Point of View Concerning the Production and Transformation of Light March 18Photoelectric effect1905 “ANNUS MIRABILIS”or the“WONDER YEAR”Dualism Wave Photon /Interaction of light with matterAtoms&Molecules become real objectsTitle:On the Movement of Small Particles Suspended in Stationary Liquids Required by the Molecular-Kinetic Theory of Heat May 11Brownian Motion10 cm1 L1 dayDIFFUSION:DIFF d210 m1 msec10-12 L10 nm1 n sec10-21 LA FIRST DIRECT NANO PROPERTY“EVERYTHING EMERGES FROM THE nm SCALE AND ISTO MICRO-AND MACRO-SHAPES,MOTIONS,AND PROCESSES SYNTHEZISEDIN NATURESENSE&ACTUATE:SMALL BY SMALLWEAK BY WEAKMANY BY MANYAT THE NANO LEVELe.g.ARRAYS OF NANOSENSORSNANO-STRATEGYSCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY ON THE NANOMETER SCALE NEW SCIENTIFIC FRONTIERPUSHING THE LIMITS TO THE EVER SMALLEREMERGED IN A NATURAL WAY AS AMINIATURIZATION from MICRO to NANO “TOP-DOWN”From simple MOLECULES to large FUNCTIONAL SUPRA-MOLECULES “BOTTOM-UP”BIOLOGY as HYBRID of BOTH APPROACHESAtoms&Molecules become real objectsTitle:On a Heuristic Point of View Concerning the Production and Transformation of Light March 18Photoelectric effect1905 “ANNUS MIRABILIS”or the“WONDER YEAR”Dualism Wave Photon /Interaction of light with matterSept.27E=mc2Title:Does the Inertia of a Body Depend upon its Energy Content?Nuclear Energy/Particle Physics/Big Bang Theory of(special)relativityJune 30Title:On the Electro-dynamics of moving bodies.Astrophysics/Cosmology/GPSTitle:On the Movement of Small Particles Suspended in Stationary Liquids Required by the Molecular-Kinetic Theory of Heat May 11Brownian MotionPROGRESS OF SCIENCE or HOW BREAKTHROUGHS COME ABOUT PROBLEM(and CURIOSITY)DRIVENDISCOVERY (SERENDIPITY,unexpectedly)For BOTH of THEM:YOU NEVER KNOW“WHAT;WHEN,and by WHOM”SEQUENCE OF THINKINGWHAT WOULD CHANGE IF I COULD DO IT?WHAT IS IMPORTANT THAT I DO IT?HOW CAN I DO IT?WHAT ARE THE CONSEQUENCES?WHAT IS ONCE DONE OT COMMUNICATED IS IRRECVOBLEDONE ISSUES AND CHALLENGES NANO SCALE MATERIAL SCIENCELOCAL GROWTH,NANO-PARTICLES,NANO FOR NANOTHE CENTRAL CHALLENGE OF NANOSCALE MATERIAL SCIENCE:GROWTH&FABRICATIONOF GIVEN STRUCTURES OR COMPONENTSAT GIVEN LOCATIONS FOR GIVEN FUNCTIONS NANO SCALE MATERIAL SCIENCELOCAL GROWTH,NANO-PARTICLES,NANO-INTERFACEINTERFACE AS ACTIVE COMPONENTISSUES AND CHALLENGESNINTERFACE=NPHASE(NPHASE-1)NON-INVASIV“-FUNCTIONALITY PROTECTING -TRANSPARENTINTERFACE,THE FACE OF ACTION THE TUNNELING INTERFACEmolecular switchMEYER,IBM ZURICH RESEARCHDECOUPLES ELECTRONIC WAVEFUNCTIONS FROM SUBSTRATEALLOWS ELECTRON TRANSFER TO SUBSTRATE-Electronic properties of atoms/molecules-Catalytic processes on insulators-Metallic nanostructuresNINTERFACE=NPHASE(NPHASE-1)NON-INVASIV“-FUNCTIONALITY CONTACTS:CLASSICAL,QUANTUM ELECTRICAL,CHEMICAL,MECHANICALPROTECTING -TRANSPARENTCOLORFUL -FLATINTERFACE,THE FACE OF ACTIONINTERFACE,THE FACE OF ACTIONNINTERFACE=NPHASE(NPHASE-1)NON-INVASIV“-FUNCTIONALITY CONTACTS:CLASSICAL,QUANTUM ELECTRICAL,CHEMICAL,MECHANICALPROTECTING -TRANSPARENTCOLORFUL -FLATINTERFACE SCIENCE:THE MODERN MATERIALS SCIENCEFUNCTIONALACTIONFUNCTIONAL NANO SCALE MATERIAL SCIENCELOCAL GROWTH,NANO-PARTICLES,THE SOLID LIQUID INTERFACEAMBIENT,NATURE,ELECTROCHEMISTRY NANO-INTERFACEINTERFACE AS ACTIVE COMPONENTISSUES AND CHALLENGESLIQUID-SOLID,THE POWER INTERFACEINDISPENSIBLE FOR:ASSEMBLY SCENARIOSBIOLOGY/MEDICINEFUNCTIONALIZATION OF SURFACESEASE THE SURFACE TRAFFIC CONGESTION“NANO SMALL ULTRAHIGHDENSITIES:COMPONENTS,ENERGYINTENSITIES:CURRENTS,FLUXES,FIELDS,SPEED:MECHANICS,RATESSENSITIVITY:MOLECULAR RECOGNITIONNANO SMALL:SMALL NUMBERS NANO SCALE MATERIAL SCIENCELOCAL GROWTH,NANO-PARTICLES,THE SOLID LIQUID INTERFACEAMBIENT,NATURE,ELECTROCHEMISTRY NANO-INTERFACEINTERFACE AS ACTIVE COMPONENT THE 1/N ISSUESMALL NISSUES AND CHALLENGESTHE 1/N ISSUEps I 100 A;R contact 1 k Q 10 J,(V 100mV)ns I 100 nA Q 10 pJ,(V 100V)FLUCTUATION OF CURRENTS:1/N 3%N 1000 ELECTRONSFLUCTUATION OF DOPANTS:1/N 3%N 1000 DOPANTSTHE POSITIONS OF THE DOPANTS BECOME IMPPORTANT:ORDERED DOPING ATOMS DOPING LEVEL:1020 cm-3,VOLUME:30 x30 x30 nm3 CONTROL by COUNTINGNANO SMALL ULTRAHIGHDENSITIES:COMPONENTS,ENERGYINTENSITIES:CURRENTS,FLUXES,FIELDS,SPEED:MECHANICS,RATESSENSITIVITY:MOLECULAR RECOGNITIONLARGE SYSTEMS:ULTRALARGE NUMBERS OF COMPONENTSNANO SMALL:SMALL NUMBERS NANO SCALE MATERIAL SCIENCELOCAL GROWTH,NANO-PARTICLES,THE SOLID LIQUID INTERFACEAMBIENT,NATURE,ELECTROCHEMISTRY NANO-INTERFACEINTERFACE AS ACTIVE COMPONENT THE ENERGY DISSIPATION ISSUE WE HAVE BEEN THERE BEFORE THE 1/N ISSUESMALL NISSUES AND CHALLENGESThe power problem:weve been here before!STEAM IRONTHE CRUCIAL ISSUE OF POWER DISSIPATIONNUMBER OF COMPONENTS :d-2LEAD RESISTANCE :d-2“CONTACT”RESISTANCE RQ :d-4LEAKAGE CURRENTS :exp(d)POWER DISSIPATION IN PRESENT CMOS TECHNOLOGY:50%BY ACTIVE COMPONENTS,50%BY LEAKAGE CURRENTSOFF“-STATE DISSIPATES SAME OR MORE THAN ON“-STATENONVOLATILE SWITCHES BISTABLE NANOSTRUCTURESBASED ONFOR MEMORIES AND PROCESSORS REVIVAL OF TWO TERMINAL DEVICESDOES NOT DOWNGRADE AN AMPLIFIER TO A SWITCH NANO SCALE MATERIAL SCIENCELOCAL GROWTH,NANO-PARTICLES,ENERGY SUPPLY and INFORMATION TRANSFERLOCAL CHEMICAL ENERGY,FIELDSTHE SOLID LIQUID INTERFACEAMBIENT,NATURE,ELECTROCHEMISTRY NANO-INTERFACEINTERFACE AS ACTIVE COMPONENT THE ENERGY DISSIPATION ISSUE WE HAVE BEEN THERE BEFORE THE 1/N ISSUESMALL NISSUES AND CHALLENGESWIRELESS COMMUNICATION BETWEEN&WITH AUTONOMOUS NANO-SYSTEMS FIELDS,MESSENGERS WIRELESS ENERGY SUPPLY TO AUTONOMOUS NANO-SYSTEMSNANO ENERGY HARVESTING“LARGE SYSTEMS:ULTRALARGE NUMBER OF COMPONENTS e.g.GIGA-COMPONENTS/CHIP,PETA-BYTE STORAGESMALL SYSTEMS:MODERATE NUMBER OF COMPONENTSe.g.NANO ROBOTS,LOCAL SENSOR-ACTUATION-PROCESSOR SYSTEMS POCKET SIZE TERABITS“PERVASIVE BRIDGES BETWEEN THEREAL WORLD OF ACTION&VIRTUAL WORLD OF DATA PROCESSINGFUTUREULTIMATE GOAL NANO SCALE MATERIAL SCIENCELOCAL GROWTH,NANO-PARTICLES,ENERGY SUPPLY and INFORMATION TRANSFERLOCAL CHEMICAL ENERGY,FIELDSTHE SOLID LIQUID INTERFACEAMBIENT,NATURE,ELECTROCHEMISTRY NANO-INTERFACEINTERFACE AS ACTIVE COMPONENT THE ENERGY DISSIPATION ISSUE WE HAVE BEEN THERE BEFORE THE 1/N ISSUESMALL NTHEORYCOMPUTATIONAL SCIENCESISSUES AND CHALLENGESCOMPUTATIONAL METHODS ARE THE THEORY OF NANOAT THE TRANSITION OF CONDENSED MATTER BEHAVIOR TO ATOMIC AND MOLECULAR ROPERTIESNO A PRIORE DIMENSION AND SYMMETRYINTERFACING OF VERY DIFFERENT FUNCTIONSPROCESSESCOMPLEX SYSTEMSCOMPUTATIONAL METHODS FOR NANO:COMPUTERS AND COMPUTATIONCOMPUTER SPEEDRELATIVE PERFORMANCE(INDEPENDENT SPIN FLIPSPER CPU sec)1031061091970198019902000THE CHALLENGE FROM HARDWARE TO SOFTWAREHARDWARE:COMPONENTS&COMPONENT CLUSTERS SENSORS AND ACTUATORSSOFTWARE(SW):THE WAY TO SOLVE THE PROBLEMSW IN COMPUTATION:DAWN AT THE HORIZON ARCHITECTURES,ALGORITHMS,PROGRAM BRAINCELLS INSTEAD OF PETA-FLOPSSW IN NANO:A LONG WAY TO GO UNTIL DAWN SENSOR,ACTUATOR,AND PROCESSOR SYSTEMS STRAGIES OF NATURENANO&COMPUTATION NANO SCALE MATERIAL SCIENCELOCAL GROWTH,NANO-PARTICLES,ENERGY SUPPLY and INFORMATION TRANSFERLOCAL CHEMICAL ENERGY,FIELDSTHE SOLID LIQUID INTERFACEAMBIENT,NATURE,ELECTROCHEMISTRY NANO-INTERFACEINTERFACE AS ACTIVE COMPONENTCOMPLEX NANOSYSTEMSCELLS(SYSTEMS BIOLOGY),THE ENERGY DISSIPATION ISSUE WE HAVE BEEN THERE BEFORE THE 1/N ISSUESMALL NTHEORYCOMPUTATIONAL SCIENCESISSUES AND CHALLENGESCELL,THE NANO-WORLD OFSMART SENSORSSMART ACTUATORSPROCESS CONTROL WITHOUT CENTRAL PROCESSORA NEW CHALLENGE:NANOMEDICINENANOTECHNOLOGYON A HIGHER;MORE COMPLEX LEVELTARGETED DRUG DELIVERY(DRUG ENCAPSULA IN TARGETING SYSTEM0204060800.0010.010.1110100Final drug concentration mol/l Disease Suppressor efficacyFree drugtargeteddrugB)100 x Enhanced drug efficacy 100%Drug efficacy(lower is better)NANOCARRIER-TARGETED DRUGSTRONG ENHANCEMENT ON DESEASED TARGETED CELLBROZ&HUNZIKERUniversittsspital BaselNano-carrier targeting reduces drug toxicity020406080100%-20246810P 0.05(ANOVA)(mean+/-standard deviation)Survival of healthy bystander cells(lower=more toxic)ED 50ED 50Free drugencapsulated drugDisappearance of toxic side effects on neighbour cells!UNIVERSITY HOSPITAL,BASEK0SIDE EFFECTS OF NANOCARRIRER TARGETED DRUGA NEW CHALLENGE:NANOMEDICINENANOTECHNOLOGYON A HIGHER;MORE COMPLEX LEVELTARGETED DRUG DELIVERY(DRUG ENCAPSULA IN TARGETING SYSTEM MINIATURIZED DIAGNOSTIC TESTSFAST,PATIENT-,ENVIRONMENTAL AND COST FRIENDLYPARALELL MULTIPLE TESTSPERSONALIZED MEDICINE写在最后写在最后成功的基成功的基础在于好的学在于好的学习习惯The foundation of success lies in good habits42谢谢大家荣幸这一路，与你同行ItS An Honor To Walk With You All The Way讲师：XXXXXX XX年XX月XX日
展开阅读全文