语法专题-专题七-虚拟语气课件

专题七情态动词和虚拟语气语法专题1情态动词的考查要点情态动词的考查要点1.can，be able to 和和could(1)can和和be able to都表示能力，意思上没多大区都表示能力，意思上没多大区别别。但。但can只有只有现现在和在和过过去去时时，而，而be able to则则有更多的形式。但当成有更多的形式。但当成功地完成某一具体功地完成某一具体动动作作时时，通常不用，通常不用could而用而用was/were able to来表示。来表示。这时这时was/were able to 相当于相当于managed to，表示表示经过经过一番努力，一番努力，终终于能于能够够完成某事。完成某事。Her mother can speak French.The wounded man was still able to get to the village and was saved by the villagers in the end.(2)表示猜表示猜测“可能可能”，一般用于疑，一般用于疑问句和否定句。句和否定句。Can the news be true?It cant be true.Someone is knocking at the door.Who could it be?(3)can可以表示理可以表示理论上的可能性，指常有的行上的可能性，指常有的行为或情形，意或情形，意为“有有时会会”。Anybody can make mistakes.(4)表示表示请求、允求、允许(表表请求求时，口，口语中常用中常用could代替代替can使使语气更委婉，回答气更委婉，回答时用用can)。Can I go now?Could I come to see you tomorrow?Yes，you can.(否定答否定答语可用可用No，Im afraid not.)(5)表示惊异、表示惊异、怀疑、不相信的疑、不相信的态度度(主要用于否定句、疑主要用于否定句、疑问句句或感或感叹句中句中)。How can that be true？I cant believe my eyes and ears.How could you be so careless?(6)can的特殊用法。的特殊用法。can but只有；只有；cant but不得不；不得不；cant.too再怎再怎样也不也不为过，越，越越好越好I can but wait.I cant but wait.You cant be too patient to the customers.用用can，could，be able to的适当形式填空的适当形式填空1.Though the building was on fire，they go out safely.2.It be the postman at the door.Its only six oclock.3.Hows your new babysitter?We not ask for a better one.All our kids love her so much.题组训练1were able to cantcould4.The police still havent found the lost child，but theyre doing all they .5.You be too careful when driving.cancant2.may和和might的用法的用法(1)表示允表示允许、请求，求，might比比may的的语言更委婉一些。言更委婉一些。May I watch TV now?Yes，you may.(Yes，please.)No，you mustnt.(No，youd better not.)(2)表示可能性表示可能性时，might比比may的可能性小，的可能性小，may表示的可能性表示的可能性比比can小小(主要用于主要用于陈述句、肯定或否定句，疑述句、肯定或否定句，疑问句用句用can代替代替)。The story may not be true.(3)表示祝愿表示祝愿(不用不用might)May you succeed!(4)may/might as well最好最好还是是，不妨，不妨You might as well do it now.(5)may/might well很可能很可能He may well be late for class.用用may，might的适当形式填空的适当形式填空1.I dont really like James.Why did you invite him?Dont worry.He not come.He said he wasnt certain what his plans were.2.I left my handbag on the train，but luckily someone gave it to a railway official.How unbelievable to get it back!I mean，someone _ have stolen it.题组训练2might/maymight3.As a student，you as well make good use of your time.4.You go to school either by bike or by bus.5.she rest in peace.might/maymayMay3.must，have to和和ought to的用法的用法(1)must表示表示“必必须，应该，一定要，一定要”。强强调主主观看法，只有看法，只有现在在时形式，否定式是形式，否定式是must not(mustnt)。must开开头的的问句，句，其否定回答要用其否定回答要用neednt或或dont have to代替。代替。(2)must表示必然的表示必然的结果。果。All men must die.(3)must还可表示主可表示主语固固执、偏要做他人不希望做的事。、偏要做他人不希望做的事。It cant help；he must do that.(4)have to着重客着重客观需要，能用于更多需要，能用于更多时态(过去去时或将来或将来时)。He will have to be there before ten.(5)ought to表示表示义务和和责任，任，“应该”，比，比should语气要气要强强。You ought to take care of yourself.4.need和和dare的用法的用法(1)need表示表示“需要，必要需要，必要”，只能用于否定句和疑，只能用于否定句和疑问句。在句。在肯定句中，常用肯定句中，常用must和和have to代替。代替。(2)dare表示表示“敢敢”，通常用于否定句、疑，通常用于否定句、疑问句和条件状句和条件状语从句中。从句中。Dare you go home alone at eleven in the evening?(3)need和和dare的特殊用法的特殊用法need表表“需要需要”时，可用，可用want，require代替。代替。The desk needs to be repaired./The desk needs repairing.dare作作实义动词时，在肯定句中要接，在肯定句中要接to，在疑，在疑问句和否定句和否定句中句中to可省去。可省去。He dares to catch a snake.I do not dare(to)complain.Do you dare(to)swim in the river?同同义句改写句改写1.He darent go out at night.He go out at night.2.The flowers need watering.The flowers need .题组训练3doesnt dare toto be watered5.will和和would的用法的用法(1)will表示表示请求、建求、建议，常用于第二人称。，常用于第二人称。Will you please go with me?表示意愿、决定、允表示意愿、决定、允许。I will never do that again.表示表示习惯性性动作或某种作或某种倾向，向，“总是，是，惯于于”，通常用于，通常用于第三人称。第三人称。Rosa will always be late for school.(2)would表示表示请求、建求、建议，比，比will委婉，指委婉，指现在在时间，多用于第二，多用于第二人称。人称。Would you like a cup of tea?表示表示过去去习惯性性动作或某种作或某种倾向。向。We would play badminton on Sundays.6.shall和和should的用法的用法(1)shall用于第一、三人称，在用于第一、三人称，在问句中表示征求句中表示征求对方意方意见或或请求。求。Shall I come in?用于第二、三人称的用于第二、三人称的陈述句中，表示命令或威述句中，表示命令或威胁。You shall do as your father says.(2)should表示表示责任、任、义务，意，意为“应该”。表示惊表示惊讶语气，意气，意为“竟然竟然”。You should wear slippers in class.用于条件句，表示用于条件句，表示“假如，万一假如，万一”，省去，省去if，should可提可提至句首。至句首。Should you be late，apologize to the teacher.7.情情态动词表示推表示推测或判断的用法或判断的用法下表即是表示推下表即是表示推测的情的情态动词使用的使用的场合：合：情情态动词对现在和未来的在和未来的推推测对过去的推去的推测使用使用场合合mustmustdomust have done肯定句肯定句may/might may/mightdomay/might have done肯肯定定句句、否否定句定句can/could can/could docan/could have done否否定定句句、疑疑问句句(could可可 用用 于于 肯肯定句定句)should用用来来表表示示一一种种估估计的的情情况况“按按理理会会/估估计会会”should doshould have done肯肯定定句句、否否定定句句、疑疑问句句情情态动词have done的用法的用法(1)should have done表示表示“本来本来应该做某事而做某事而实际上未做上未做”，而，而shouldnt have done则表示表示“本不本不应该做某事而做某事而实际上做了上做了”。You should have told me about it earlier.You shouldnt have said such words to your parents.(2)ought to have done也表示也表示“本本应该”，而，而ought not to have done则意意为“本不本不应该”。You ought to have told me about it earlier.You ought not to have said such words to your parents.(3)neednt have done表示表示“本无必要做某事而本无必要做某事而实际上做了上做了”。You neednt have walked so quickly since time was enough.(4)could have done表示表示“本来有可能本来有可能而事而事实上未做到上未做到”。I could have come on time，but my car broke down on the way.(5)may/might have done表示表示“过去可能去可能发生生过某事某事”或或“本本来来应该或可以做某事或可以做某事(实际上没做上没做)”。You might have given him more help，but you were so busy.1.I (我本来可以帮助你的我本来可以帮助你的)，but I was too busy then.2.Its Sunday.He (不可能上学不可能上学去了去了).3.You know the story very well.You _(可能可能读过)before.题组训练4could have helped youcant have gone to schoolmay/might have read it4.You (一定是睡得很晚一定是睡得很晚)last night.Your eyes are red.5.I (本本应该做作做作业)last night，but I went to the cinema.must have gone to bed lateshould/ought to have done my homework2语法填空语法填空1 1 Thanksgiving Day was near.The first grade teacher gave her class a fun assignmentto draw a picture of something,1._ which they were thankful.Many would celebrate the holiday with turkey and other traditional goodies of the season.2._ Douglas made a different kind of picture.He drew a hand.Nothing else.Just 3.empty hand.His abstract image captured(引引起起)the imagination of his peers(同同伴伴).4._forButanWhosehand could it be？One child guessed it was the hand of a farmer，because farmers raise turkeys.5.thought it was the hand of a police officer，because the police protect and care for people.Still others guessed 6.was the hand of God，for God feeds us.When the children had gone on to other assignments，the teacher paused at Douglasdesk，7._(bend)down and asked him whose hand it was.The little boy looked away and murmured，“Its yours，teacher.”8._(brush)aside a tear，she went on with her work.AnotheritbentBrushing The story speaks of more than thanks.It says something about a teacher who looks after her students 9._(careful)and has a great effect on Douglas.He might not always say thanks，but he will remember the hand 10._ reaches out.carefullythat/which3虚拟语气的考查要点虚拟语气的考查要点1.虚虚拟语拟语气用于条件状气用于条件状语语从句从句(1)表示与表示与现现在事在事实实相反的假相反的假设设，条件状，条件状语语从句中的从句中的谓语动词谓语动词用一般用一般过过去去时时(be动词动词用用were)，而主句中的，而主句中的谓语动词谓语动词用用“would/should/could/might动词动词原形原形”。If I were you，I would buy that house.If he had time，he should go with you.(2)表示与表示与过过去的事去的事实实相反，条件状相反，条件状语语从句中的从句中的谓语动词谓语动词用用过过去完成去完成时时，主句中的，主句中的谓语动词则谓语动词则用用“would/should/might/couldhave过过去分去分词词”。If he had taken my advice，he would have succeeded in passing the examination.(3)表示与将来事表示与将来事实实相反，条件状相反，条件状语语从句中的从句中的谓语动词谓语动词用一用一般般过过去去时时或或“should/were to动词动词原形原形”，而主句中的，而主句中的谓语谓语动词则动词则用用“would/should/could/might动词动词原形原形”。If it were to rain tomorrow，the football match would be put off.(4)当条件状当条件状语从句表示的行从句表示的行为和主句表示的行和主句表示的行为所所发生生的的时间不一致不一致时，动词的形式要根据它所表示的的形式要根据它所表示的时间作作相相应调整。整。If they had worked hard，they would be very tired now.(从句从句说的是的是过去，主句指的是去，主句指的是现在在)语法填空法填空1.Maybe if I (study)science，and not literature then，I would be able to give you more help.2.If I (have)time next week，I would go to the party.3.If I (be)you，I should go and see the dentist at once.题组训练5had studiedhad/should have/were to havewere4.If you had arrived at the station ten minutes earlier，you _(catch)the train.5.If he were you，he (miss)the concert last night.could/should/would/might have caughtwouldnt have missed2.虚虚拟语拟语气用于名气用于名词词性从句性从句(1)虚虚拟语拟语气在气在宾语宾语从句中的运用。从句中的运用。“wish宾语宾语从句从句”表示不能表示不能实现实现的愿望，的愿望，译为译为“要是要是就好了就好了”等。表示等。表示现现在不能在不能实现实现的愿望，从句中的的愿望，从句中的谓语动词谓语动词用一般用一般过过去去时时；表示将来不能；表示将来不能实现实现的愿望，从句中的的愿望，从句中的谓语动谓语动词词用用“would/could动词动词原形原形”；表示；表示过过去不能去不能实现实现的愿望，的愿望，从句中的从句中的谓语动词谓语动词用用“had过过去分去分词词”或或“could/shouldhave过过去分去分词词”。I wish it were spring all the year round.I wish I had known the answer.I wish I could fly like a bird.在表示建在表示建议、要求、命令等、要求、命令等动词后的后的宾语从句中，从句中，谓语动词用用“should动词原形原形”，should可以省略。可以省略。常常见的的动词有：有：suggest，advise，propose，demand，require，insist，request，command，order等。等。She suggested we(should)leave here at once.The doctor ordered she should be operated on.(2)虚虚拟语气在同位气在同位语从句和表从句和表语从句中的运用。从句中的运用。表示建表示建议、要求、命令等的名、要求、命令等的名词，如，如advice，idea，order，demand，plan，proposal，suggestion，request等，其后的等，其后的表表语从句和同位从句和同位语从句中从句中谓语动词用用“(should)动词原原形形”，should可以省略。可以省略。His suggestion that we(should)go to Shanghai is wonderful.My idea is that they(should)pay 100 dollars.(3)虚虚拟语拟语气在主气在主语语从句中的运用。从句中的运用。在主在主语语从句中，从句中，谓语动词谓语动词的虚的虚拟语拟语气用气用“(should)动词动词原形原形”的的结结构，表示惊奇、不相信、理构，表示惊奇、不相信、理应应如此等。如此等。It is necessary(important，natural，strange，etc.)that we(should)clean the room every day.It was a pity(a shame，no wonder，etc.)that you(should)be so careless.It will be desired(suggested，decided，ordered，requested，proposed，etc.)that she(should)finish her homework this afternoon.注意：这种从句表示的是事种从句表示的是事实。如果人。如果人对这种事种事实表表现出出惊奇的情感，就可用虚惊奇的情感，就可用虚拟语气；反之，如果不表示惊奇等气；反之，如果不表示惊奇等情感，情感，that从句也可用从句也可用陈述句述句语气。气。It is a pity that you cant swim.语法填空法填空1.Where are the children？The dinners going to be completely ruined.I wish they (be，not)always late.2.It is requested that Class Two (give)a performance at the English evening.题组训练6werent(should)give3.He insisted that a deadline (set)for completing the task.4.My suggestion is that we (go)without delay.5.The doctor has given advice that the patient _ _(give up)smoking.(should)be set(should)go(should)give up3.虚虚拟语气在其他气在其他场合的运用合的运用(1)虚虚拟语气在气在as if/as though，even if/even though等引等引导的表的表语从句或状从句或状语从句中，如果从句表示的从句中，如果从句表示的动作作发生在生在过去，用去，用过去完成去完成时；指；指现在状况，在状况，则用一般用一般过去去时；指将来状况指将来状况则用用过去将来去将来时。He did it as if he were an expert.Even if she were here，she could not solve the problem.(2)虚虚拟语气用于定气用于定语从句中。从句中。这种从句常用于句型种从句常用于句型“It is(high)time(that).”中，定中，定语从从句的句的谓语动词用一般用一般过去去时(be用用were)或或“should动词原原形形”，意思是，意思是“(现在在)该”。Its time that I picked up my daughter.Its high time we were going.(3)虚虚拟语气用在气用在if only引引导的感的感叹句中。句中。If only I were a pilot.If only I had taken his advice.(4)虚虚拟语气在一些气在一些简单句中的运用。句中的运用。情情态动词的的过去式用于去式用于现在在时态时，表示，表示说话人人谦虚、虚、客气、有礼貌或客气、有礼貌或语气委婉，常出气委婉，常出现在日常会在日常会话中。中。It would be better for you not to stay up too late.Would you be kind enough to close the door?用于一些用于一些习惯表达法中。表达法中。Would you like a cup of tea?I would rather not tell you.4语法与写作语法与写作根据提示翻根据提示翻译下面的句子下面的句子1.至于我，至于我，应该从我上学的路上开始。从我上学的路上开始。(should)(2013安徽安徽书面表达面表达)_2.因此，我没能因此，我没能够抽出抽出时间及及时给你回复。你回复。(couldnt)(2013山山东写作写作)_As for me，it should start on my way to school.Therefore，I couldnt spare enough time to write back to youin time.3.我真我真诚地希望你地希望你们能能给我一次机会，我相信我将会成我一次机会，我相信我将会成为一一个好主席的。个好主席的。(can)(2013天津天津书面表达面表达)_4.再再试一次，他一次，他们可能得到他可能得到他们梦想的梦想的东西。西。(may)(2013北北京京开放作文开放作文)_I sincerely hope you can give me a chance and Im sure I willbe a good president.With another try，they may gain what they dream of.5.如果你如果你们能立刻采取措施我将不能立刻采取措施我将不胜感激。感激。(would)(2013重重庆写作二写作二)_I would appreciate it greatly if you can take action atonce.5语法填空语法填空2 2 After vaccinating(给接种疫苗接种疫苗)a young boy with an injection in the arm，the doctor wanted to stick on a bandage.“Please put 1.on the other arm，”the boy asked.“Why？”the doctor asked.“This will let everyone know you have been vaccinated and they 2.(hit)your sore arm.”“Please！”the boy begged.itwont hit He couldnt show his weakness.He was afraid 3.(let)others know his weakness for fear of being hurt more than he was already.Adults are even 4.(good)at hiding pain.Not usually physical pain，but the pain of loss or fear.Famous author Susan Muto told a story of a great ruler who needed 5.assistant to help manage his kingdom.When he 6._(final)selected the right person，he took him outsideto letbetteranfinallyonto a balcony of the palace 7.they could see all the lands under his rule.His assistant asked him，“Master，what must I remember most of all if I am to carry out 8.wishes？”“My son，”the king replied，“there is only one directive(指示指示)to followand that is to look on the people 9._ the wounded.”The wise king knew that everyone is in pain in some way.Wounds may not show,10.they are there.whereyourasbut