蔬菜害虫课件

农业昆虫学农业昆虫学 -蔬菜害虫蔬菜害虫第二节第二节 农业害虫种类农业害虫种类概述概述v中国主要蔬菜种类简介中国主要蔬菜种类简介v中国主要蔬菜害虫种类简介中国主要蔬菜害虫种类简介v蔬菜地生态系统的特点蔬菜地生态系统的特点v蔬菜害虫的发生特点及对防治的要求蔬菜害虫的发生特点及对防治的要求Part 1 中国主要蔬菜种类中国主要蔬菜种类Group1ChineseCabbageGroupFlowering Chinese Cabbage菜心 Pak-choi白菜、油菜Chinese Cabbage etc.Family:CruciferaeGenus:Brassica芸薹属Group 2 Cole Crop-甘蓝类 Chinesekale-芥蓝芥蓝Cauliflower-花椰花椰菜菜Broccoli-绿菜花绿菜花Cabbage-甘蓝甘蓝Family:CruciferaeGenus:BrassicaGroup3GreenVegetablesWaterspinach-空心空心菜菜Lettuce-生菜生菜Celery-芹菜芹菜 Family:Convolvulaceae 旋花科Compositae菊科 Chenopdiaceae藜科Group4 Gourds葫芦类葫芦类Chieh-qua-节瓜Wax gourd（winter melon)-冬瓜CucumberSponge gourd-丝瓜Pumpkin,etc.Family:Cucumbitaceae-葫芦科葫芦科Group5 Vegetablelegumes-豆类豆类AsparagusbeanKidneybean-芸豆芸豆Vegetablepea-豌豌豆豆Vegetablesoybean毛豆毛豆Family:Laguminosae-豆科 Group6SolanaceousFruits-茄茄果类果类TomatoEgg plantPepper,etc.Family:SolanaceousGroup7 Root VegetableRadish-萝卜Carrot-胡萝卜Table beet.樱桃萝卜Family:Cruciferae UmbelliferaeGroup8 TuberCropsTaro-芋头Yam-山药Yam beanGinger-姜Potato,etc.Family:Araceae-天南星科Dioscoreaceae-薯蓣科 Zingiberceae姜科 Group9BulbCropsOnionChinese chive-韭菜Garlic-大蒜Scallion-葱,etc.Family:LiliaceaeGroup10 AquaticVegetablesWatercress西洋芹西洋芹lotusroot-莲藕莲藕Chinesearrowhead-慈慈姑姑Waterbamboo-茭白茭白,etc.Family:Cruciferae Nymphaeaceae睡莲科 Alismatacea-泽泻科（慈姑）Gramineae-禾本科一、中国蔬菜一、中国蔬菜主要害虫简介主要害虫简介十字花科蔬菜害虫十字花科蔬菜害虫鳞翅目鳞翅目 小菜蛾、小菜蛾、菜青虫菜青虫斜纹夜蛾、甜菜夜蛾、斜纹夜蛾、甜菜夜蛾、甘蓝夜蛾、甘蓝夜蛾、菜螟菜螟同翅目同翅目甘蓝蚜、萝卜蚜甘蓝蚜、萝卜蚜桃蚜桃蚜鞘翅目鞘翅目黄条曲跳甲黄条曲跳甲大、小猿叶甲大、小猿叶甲茄、瓜、豆类蔬菜害虫茄、瓜、豆类蔬菜害虫鳞翅目鳞翅目 棉铃虫、烟青虫、小地老虎、棉铃虫、烟青虫、小地老虎、豇豆荚螟、豇豆荚螟、豆野螟豆野螟粉虱类粉虱类烟粉虱（烟粉虱（B型、型、Q型）型）温室白粉虱温室白粉虱螨类螨类朱砂叶螨、截形叶螨、朱砂叶螨、截形叶螨、二二斑叶螨、侧多食跗线螨斑叶螨、侧多食跗线螨其它其它棕榈蓟马、瓜蚜、美洲斑潜蝇、棕榈蓟马、瓜蚜、美洲斑潜蝇、黄守瓜、黑守瓜黄守瓜、黑守瓜害虫种类小菜蛾 Plutella xylostella(L.)Diamondback mothDiamondback moth菜青虫Pieris rapae(L.)Cabbage Butterfly1.1.ItsItshosthostincludeincludeBrassicaBrassica species.species.CultivatedCultivatedandandwildwildCruciferae.Cruciferae.ItItisiswidespreadwidespreadthroughoutthroughoutEuropeEuropeandandmuchmuchofofAsia,NorthAfrica,Australia,NewZealand,Hawaii,Canada,USAandMexico.Asia,NorthAfrica,Australia,NewZealand,Hawaii,Canada,USAandMexico.2.Damage:Thelarvaefeedsingly,usuallydeepinthecabbageheart,makingholesintheleaves,eveneatupallleaf2.Damage:Thelarvaefeedsingly,usuallydeepinthecabbageheart,makingholesintheleaves,eveneatupallleafblade,onlythemainveinsareleft,withfrassaccumulation.Thecaterpillarsprefertofeedintheheartoftheblade,onlythemainveinsareleft,withfrassaccumulation.Thecaterpillarsprefertofeedintheheartofthecabbageandoccasionallycauseheavyinfestationsandpartialdefoliation.InGuangdongProvincetheremaycabbageandoccasionallycauseheavyinfestationsandpartialdefoliation.InGuangdongProvincetheremaybe7-8generationsperyear.be7-8generationsperyear.3.Identification3.Identification Adult:Adult is a white butterfly with a wingspan about 45-55 mm in the female.The wings bear Adult:Adult is a white butterfly with a wingspan about 45-55 mm in the female.The wings bear several black markings.several black markings.Eggs:Thebulletin-likeeggsarelaidsinglyonlowsurfaceoftheleaves.TherearemanyverticalridgesontheEggs:Thebulletin-likeeggsarelaidsinglyonlowsurfaceoftheleaves.Therearemanyverticalridgesonthesurfaceofegg.surfaceofegg.Larva:Fully-grownlarvaisabout30mmlong,velvetygreenwithafaintyellowdorsalstrip,andarowofyellowspotsalongeachsideinlinewiththespiracles.Pupa:Pupa:The pupa is shuttle-like form,sharply angled,attached usually to the underside of the The pupa is shuttle-like form,sharply angled,attached usually to the underside of the leaf by a loop of silk.leaf by a loop of silk.EggsEggsLarvaLarvaAdultAdultPupaPupa1.Itisatotallypolyphagouspestandfeedonaverywiderangeofcropsincludingvegetables,cotton,rice,tomatoandtobacco.OtherhostplantsincludeCitrus,cacao,sweetpotato,rubberlegumes,sorghum,maizeetc.2.Distribution:ItmainlydistributesinSouthandEasternOldWorldtropics,includingPakistan,India,Bangladesh,SriLanka,China,Korea,Japan,Thailand,Vietnam,Philippines,Indonesia,Austral-Asia,Pacificislands,HawaiiandFiji.3.Damage:Thiscaterpillarisbasicallyaleaf-eater.Heavyinfestationscanseriouslydefoliatethecrops,especiallytheyoungplants.Newlyhatchedlarvaearegregariousandremaintogetherandskeletonizetheleafonwhichtheyfeed.Latertheydisperseandbecomemoresolitaryandnocturnalinhabits.Onegenerationcanbecompletedinaslittleas24-30days,andinthehumidtropicstheremaybe8generationsannually.4.Identification:Adult:The adults are pale brownish moth,with the yellow-brown forewing having a distinctive pale band medially:wingspan is 30-40 mm.Eggs:Eggs are spherical(0.3 mm)in diameter,and laid on the undersides of leaves in batches of 100-300 and covered with yellow colored hair-scales.Each female lays about 100-2000 eggs,hatching requires 2-6 days.Larvae:Thenewlyhatchedlarvaearepalegreenatfirst,andwithadistinctblackbandonthefirstabdominalsegment.Latertheybecomebrownwithdarkmarking,withyellowlateralanddorsalstripes.Thelateralyellowstripisbordereddorsallywithaseriesofsemi-lunarmarks.Pupa:Pupationtakesplaceinthesoilinanearthencell,justbeneaththesurface,Thepupaisdarkred,15-20mmlong.斜纹夜蛾斜纹夜蛾Spodoptera litura(F.)Common Leafworm AdultEggsLarvae1.It attacks more than 170 different species of host plants including cabbage,radish,lettuce,eggplant,pepper,tomatoes,potatoes,beansgourds,rice,cotton,sugarbeet,tobacco,etc.2.Distribution:Africa,SoutheastAsia,Central andSouthEurope,Middle East,Australia,SouthernUSA,India,SouthernChina,Philippines,Indonesia,andCanada.3.Damage:Younglarvaeeatfoliagewithinwebsundersideoftheleaves.Thecaterpillarsaregregarious,movinginswarms,anddestroyingtheyoungleavesandstemsofthehostplants.Youngseedlingscanbecompletelydestroyed,butolderplantsoftenrecoverafteranattackandmaybestillvigorously.Younglarvaeskeletonizetheundersideoftheleaves,butlaterastheygrowtheyeattheentirelamina.InSouthChinathereareusuallyeightgenerations.4.Identification:Adult:Theadultisasmallbrownmothofwingspanupto25mm,andtheforewingisgrayish-brownwithtwoyellowspotsnearthecenter.Thehindwingisatranslucentwhitewithnarrowbrownborders,Therearerathernondescriptinappearanceandnoteasytorecognize.Eggs:Eggsarelaidontheleavesofthehostplants,inclusters,severallayersthick,andcoveredwithhairsfromthefemaleabdomen.Eachclustercontains50-300eggs,onefemalecanlay300-900eggs(upto1700).Eggsusuallyhatchafter2-4days.Larvae:Thelarvaeareverygregarious,atfirstgreen,laterbecomingvariablegreenorbrownusuallywithalateralstrip.Younglarvaeskeletonizetheundersideoftheleaves,butastheygrowtheyeattheentirelamina.Pupa:Pupa:Pupationtakesplaceinthesoilandlastsabout6days.甜菜夜蛾甜菜夜蛾Spodoptera exiguaBeet Armyworm AdultEggsLarvae甘蓝夜蛾甘蓝夜蛾Mamestra brassicae(L.)）CabbagelooperEggsLarvaeAdult蔬菜蚜虫蔬菜蚜虫Vegetableaphids1 1萝卜蚜萝卜蚜萝卜蚜萝卜蚜Lipaphis erysimiLipaphis erysimi TurnipAphidTurnipAphid2 2桃蚜桃蚜桃蚜桃蚜 Myzus pericaeMyzus pericaeGreenPeachAphidGreenPeachAphid33甘蓝蚜甘蓝蚜甘蓝蚜甘蓝蚜 BrevicoryneBrevicoryne brassicaebrassicae CabbageAphidCabbageAphid1.Cabbage aphid and turnip aphid mainly feed oncruciferae.Cabbage aphid prefers cabbage andotherBrassicasppbutturnipaphidlikesChinesecabbageandradishbetter.Greenpeachaphidistrulyapolyphagousspecies;about875plantsin35different families are recorded as its hosts.Themainhostispeach,thealternativehostsincludepotato,tomato,tobacco,beet,cerealsandvegetables.All three species of aphids occurcommonlyandmixedoncruciferousvegetablesinChina.2.DistributionCabbageaphid:Theaphiddistributesthroughouttheworldintemperateandsubtropicalclimates.InChinaitoccursnearlyallpartsofthecountrybesidesTibet.Turnipaphid:Mostlyintemperateandsubtropicsregions.In China it is dominate species inXinjiangautonomicdistract.Green aphid:A completely cosmopolitanspecieswithaworldwidedistribution.All species of the aphids occur year around inSouthChina.Noeggsarefoundinthehostplantsduringthewinter.Allstagesofthepestscanbefound on the vegetable crops in winter season.Theyreproducebyparthenogenesis.Thepopulationincreases very rapidlyunder favoriteconditions.3.Damage:Cabbageaphid:Theaphidattacksmanycrucifers,especiallycabbage,cauliflower.Itisknowntotransmitanumberofvirusdiseasesinthehostplants.Nymphsandadultssuckplantsap,causingdistortion,stunting.curling,wiltingandoftenleadtodeathofthesehostplantswhenseverelyattackhappened.4.IdentificationTurnip Aphid:TurnipaphidissimilartotheTurnipaphidissimilartothecabbageaphidinappearance,buthasamorecabbageaphidinappearance,buthasamoredistinctgreentoyellow-greencolorwithlessdistinctgreentoyellow-greencolorwithlessnoticeablepowderywaxonthebody,anditlacksnoticeablepowderywaxonthebody,anditlacksthedarktransversemarksonabdomen.thedarktransversemarksonabdomen.GreenPeachAphid:GreenPeachAphid:GreenpeachaphidisratherGreenpeachaphidisratherslenderinform,lightgreenoryellow,withslenderinform,lightgreenoryellow,withindefinitelydarkerstripesontheabdomenindefinitelydarkerstripesontheabdomen.Cabbage Aphid:Cabbage Aphid:Cabbageaphidisgrayish-greeninCabbageaphidisgrayish-greenincolorandthebodyiscoveredwithafinepowderycolorandthebodyiscoveredwithafinepowderywax,whichgivesheavilyinfestedplantsawhitishwax,whichgivesheavilyinfestedplantsawhitishappearance.appearance.TurnipAphidGreenPeachAphidCabbageAphid黄曲条跳甲黄曲条跳甲Phyllotreta striolataStripped Flea Beetles1.Host:The two species are common pests on vegetable crops,especiallyonBrassicous.InSouthChina,thesepestsmainlyattackradishandcabbages.2.Damage:Boththelarvaeandtheadultsfeedonthefoliageofthehostplants.Whenheavilydamagealmostthewholefoliageiseatenandjusttheveinsareleft.3.Lifehistory:InSouthChina,Colaphellus bowringicancomplete5-6generationsperyear,whilePhaedon brassicaeoccurs5generations.Usuallythetwospeciesaremixedoccurrenceina same vegetable plantation.Adult female of Colaphellus bowringi layeggsinclusterwithseveralto20individuals,but eggs of Phaedon brassicae are laid separately on thesurfaceofthehostplants.Boththelarvaeofthetwospeciesundergo4instars.4.IdentificationColaphellus bowringi(Cabbageleafbeetle)(1)AdultShape:EllipticalSize:4.7mmlongColor:BluetoblackPuncturesontheelytra:IrregularsarrangementScutum:Triangular(2)LarvaSize:7.5mmlongColor:head is black,thorax and abdomen are grayishyellowSpots:A pair of dark lateral-spots on each segment ofthoraxandabdomenSize:6.0mmlongPhaedon brassicae(Daikonleafbeetle)(1)AdultShape:OvalSize:3.5mmlongColor:BluetogreenPuncturesontheelytra:Arrangeinverticallines.Scutum:Oval(2)LarvaSize:6.0mmlongColor:head is black,thorax and abdomen are grayishyellowSpots:Four pair of dark lateral-spots on each segmentbesidetheprothoraxandthelastsegmentofabdomen小猿叶甲小猿叶甲Phaedon brassicae Daikon Leaf Beetle Daikon Leaf BeetleAdultDamageAdultLarvae大猿叶甲大猿叶甲Colaphellus bowringiCabbage Leaf BeetleCabbage Leaf Beetle烟粉虱烟粉虱A型型Bemisia tabaciSweetpotato WhiteflyAdultNymphNymphPupaEggsTobacco WhiteflyAdultNymphPupa烟粉虱烟粉虱B型（银叶粉虱）型（银叶粉虱）Bemisia tobacciSilverleafwhiteflyGreenhouse WhiteflyAdultNymphPupa温室白粉虱温室白粉虱Trialeurodes vaporariorum(Westwood)Bandedwinged Bandedwinged WhiteflyWhitefly纹翅粉虱纹翅粉虱Trialeurodes abutilonea(Haldeman)朱砂叶螨朱砂叶螨Tetranychus cinnarinusCarmine Spider Mite1.Host:Itdamagesaverywiderangeofwildandcultivatedplantsincludingeggplantandgourds.Cottonisitsmainhostplant2.Distribution:Africa,Middle East,Pakistan,India,Sri Lanka,Southeast Asia,Australia,USA,Japan,China,CentralandSouthAmerica.3.Damage:Itcausesclustersofyellowspotsontheuppersideoftheleafespeciallybetweenthemainveinsneartheleafstalk.Latertheaffectedareasspread,theleafreddensandfinallywithersandisshed.Redorgreenishmitesjustvisibletotheunaidedeyecanbeseenontheundersideoftheleaf.About15-18generationsoccurperyearinSouthChina.4.IdentificationAdult:Theadultfemalesareoval,redorgreenish,and0.4-0.5mmlong.Themalesareslightlysmaller.Finestrandsofsilkarespunbytheadultsandformanopenwebabovetheleafsurface.Egg:Theeggsarespherical,whitish,about0.1mmondiameter.TheyarelaidsinglyontheundersideofleavesLarva:Thelarvaissix-legged,pinkish,andslightlylargerthantheegg.Theyarefourpairsoflegsandaregreenishorreddish.DamageEggsMaleAdultFemaleAdultMaleAdultFemaleAdult二斑叶螨二斑叶螨Tetranychus urticae Koch Twospotted spider mites 1.Hosts:Tomato,potato,beans,peppers,tea,cottonandmanyotherplants.1.Hosts:Tomato,potato,beans,peppers,tea,cottonandmanyotherplants.2.Distribution:It2.Distribution:It isis virtuallyvirtually cosmopolitancosmopolitan species,species,butbut recordsrecords areare sparsesparse ininsomesomeareas.areas.RecordedRecordedfromfromEurope,Europe,AfricaAfrica,Asia,Asia,Australia,Australia,USA,USA,andandSouthAmerica.SouthAmerica.3.Damage:The3.Damage:Thebladesbladesofofflushflushleavesleavesarearecuppedcuppedororotherwiseotherwisedistorted,distorted,withwithcorkycorky brownbrown areasareas betweenbetween thethe mainmain veinsveins onon thethe undersideunderside ofof thetheleaf.leaf.TheseThesecorkycorkyareasareasareareoftenoftenboundedboundedbybytwotwodistinctdistinctbrownbrownlineslinesparalleltothemainvein,theedgesoftheleafbeingundamaged.paralleltothemainvein,theedgesoftheleafbeingundamaged.4.Identification4.IdentificationAdult:Adult:FemalesFemalesareare elliptical-shaped,elliptical-shaped,whitewhitetotoyellow,yellow,andandaboutabout0.20.2mmmmininlength,length,fourfourpairspairsofoflegs.legs.MalesMalesareareslightlyslightlydiamond-shaped,diamond-shaped,yellow,yellow,fourpairsoflegs,thefourthpairoflegsarebiggerthanothers.fourpairsoflegs,thefourthpairoflegsarebiggerthanothers.Egg:Egg:EggsEggsarearelaidlaidsinglysinglyononthetheundersidesundersidesofofflushflushleaves.leaves.TheyTheyareareovalovalininoutlinebutflattenedonthelowerside.outlinebutflattenedonthelowerside.Larva:Thelarvaareminute,white,andpear-shaped.Larva:Thelarvaareminute,white,andpear-shaped.侧多食跗线螨侧多食跗线螨Polyphagotarsonemus latus YellowTeaMiteDamageeggplantDamagetomatoDamagegreenpepper棉铃虫棉铃虫Heliothis armigera CottonbollwormAdultLarvaDamageDamage烟青虫烟青虫Heliothis virescens(Fabricius)Tbaccobudworm玉米穗蛾玉米穗蛾（美国棉铃虫）（美国棉铃虫）Helicoverpa zea CornearwormLarvaDamage1.Thisisacosmopolitanpestofsporadicimportanceonmanycropsindifferentpartsoftheworld.Itcancauseseveredamageinmanycrops.2.Hosts:Apolyphagouscutwormattackingtheseedlingsofmostcrops,inparticularoncotton,rice,potato,tomato,tobacco,cereals,andcrucifers.3.Distribution:Almostcompletelycosmopolitan,fromnorthernEurope,Canada,Japan,down to New Zealand,South Africa,and South America.It has not beenrecordedtodatefromafewareasinthetropics.4.Damage:Theyounglarvaefeedontheleavesofthehostplants;theoldercaterpillarsfeedatthebaseofcropplantsorontherootsorstemsunderground.Seedlingsare typically cut through at the ground level;one caterpillar may destroy anumberofseedlingsinthismannerinasinglenight,oftenworkingalongtheplantrows.5.Lifecycle:Thelifecyclefromeggtoadulttakes32daysat30,41daysat26,and67daysat20,respectively.6.IdentificationAdult:Theadultsarelarge,darknoctuidswithwingspanof40-50mm,withagraybody;and gray forewings are almost white basely but with a dark terminalfringe,palerinthemales.Egg:Theeggsarewhite,globular,andribbed,0.5mmindiameter.Larva:Thelarvaearebrownishabovewithabroadpalegraybandalonethemid-line,and with gray-green sides with lateral blackish stripes.The head capsule isbrownish-blackwithtwowhitespots.Thegeneralappearanceofthecaterpillarisblackish,hencethecommonnameofblackcutworm.Thematurecaterpillaris25-35mmlong.Pupa:Thepupaisdarkbrown,20mmlong,withaposteriorspine.LarvaAdult Seedingiscutthroughatthegroundlevel.Damage小地老虎小地老虎Agrotis ipsilonBlackCutworm1.Distribution:Itisalmostcosmopolitanindistribution.Itisannewimportedpest.And has been found in several provinces in South China:Guangdong,Hainan,Guangxi and Fujian.It has caused very serious damage invegetableproductioninrecentyearsinChina.2.Host:Thehostplantsareincludedover100speciesofplants,withapreferenceforbeans,cucumbersandtomatoes.3:Damage:Thispestisapolyphagous.Itdamagesthehostplantsbyadultfeedingpunctures,ovipositionpuncturesandlarvalmines.Thelarvaefeedwithinthe leaf,making a long serpentine tunnel which is usually white withdampened black and dried brown,and irregular shapes,increasing inwidthaslarvaldevelopment.Ifmanyleavesareminedtheyieldmaybereduced;InBrassica thedamageaffectssaleability.Heavilyinfestedleavesshrivelandwither.4.LifehistoryInSouthChinathelifehistoryofthispestoccursthroughouttheyear.Itcompletesthelifecyclein13-17daysinsummerandin50-60daysinwinter.Theremaybe14-16generationstakesplaceperyear.5.Identification Egg:Eggis0.2-0.3mminlength,withslightlytranslucentLarva:Larvaisheadlessmaggot,about3mminlengthwhenfullgrown.1stinstarlarvacolorless,butpaleyellow-orangeonhatching.Laterinstarsyellow-orange.Larvaewithapairofposteriorspiraclesshapedlikeatriplecone.Eachposteriorspiracleopensbythreepores,oneporelocatedtowardtheapexofeachcone.Pupa:Pupa oval,slightly flattened ventrally,pale yellow-orange but oftendarkeningtogoldenbrown.幼虫潜入叶肉中，幼虫潜入叶肉中，幼虫潜入叶肉中，幼虫潜入叶肉中，留下弯曲的蛀道留下弯曲的蛀道留下弯曲的蛀道留下弯曲的蛀道美洲斑潜蝇美洲斑潜蝇Liriomyza sativaeAmerican Leaf Miner节瓜蓟马节瓜蓟马Thrips palmiPalmThrips1.Distribution:Southeast Asia,Japan,South China.2.Host:This insect is one of the most important pests on gourd and potato family in South China.3.Damage:The larva and adult suck the juice of the plants on the young leaf,bud,and young fruit,leading to wither or dwarf of the young leaf.The hairs on the surface of the host plant darkened,the fruits dropped and the yield lost obvious when severe damage happens in the plantations.4.IdentificationAdult:Adultisabout1mminlength,golden,headslightlysquare.Eyesproject,ocelli3,reddish,rangingintriangle,antenna7segmented,wingsnarrow.Egg:Eggis0.2mminlength,elongated,white-yellowish.Nymph:Nymphyellow-whitish,eyesredin3rdinstar.5.Life History:This insect can occur over 20 generations,with heavily overlapping between generations.It develops and reproduces all over the whole year in the plantations in South China.Usually damage gourds,beans and eggplant during the period of March to October,and forming 3 peaks of population dynamics in late May to mid-June,mid-July to early-August,and September,respectively.In autumn the population is so high that server damage is led.AdultNymphDamage瓜蚜（棉蚜）瓜蚜（棉蚜）Aphis gossypii GloverMelonaphids1.Hostplants:TheinsectcanattacksPigeonpea,limabean,greenpeas,cowpeas,andotherLeguminosae.2.Distribution:Almostcompletelypantropicalregionsindistribution,extendingupintothesubtropicsandwarmertemperateareas,butonlyafewrecordfromAustralia.3.Damage:Earlyinstarlarvaefeedinsidethedevelopingseeds,butlaterinstarsfeedfreelyinsidethepods.Theimmature caterpillar may leave the original pod and penetrate one or more fresh pods before reachingmaturity.This is very common pest of pigeon pea and other legume crops in many parts of the world;sometimesrecordedasaseriouspest.4.IdentificationAdult:Theadultmothisbrown,withawingspanof24-27mm.Therearetwowhiteandtransparentspotsinthemiddleoftheforewing.Egg:Theeggsareoval,shinywhite,0.6mminlength.Theyarelaidsinglyorinsmallgroups(upto6)onimmaturepods.Larva:Thecaterpillarisbluewithayellowhead,and12-17mmlongwhenmature.Caterpillarwrigglesveryviolentlyifthepodisopenedanditisdisturbed.Pupa:Whenthelarvaisfull-grownitleavesthepod,dropsintotheground.Andabout3cmbelowsoillevelitspinsacocoonandhereitturnsintoayellowish-brownpupawith6-10mmlong.豇豆荚螟豇豆荚螟Maruca testulalis PeaPodBorerAdultDamageLarva其它食叶甲虫其它食叶甲虫二十八星瓢虫二十八星瓢虫二十八星瓢虫二十八星瓢虫 Henosepilachna Henosepilachna vigintioctopunctatavigintioctopunctata黑守瓜黑守瓜黑守瓜黑守瓜Aulacophora lewisiiAulacophora lewisii 黄守瓜黄守瓜黄守瓜黄守瓜Aulacophora Aulacophora femoralisfemoralis蔬菜害虫天敌种类蔬菜害虫天敌种类Natural Enemies of Vegetable Insect Pests瓢虫lady beetlesSevenspotsladybeetle七星瓢虫七星瓢虫Coccinella septempunctataAdultLarva澳洲瓢虫澳洲瓢虫Rodolia cardinalis VedaliaBeetle异色瓢虫异色瓢虫Leis axyridisMulticoloredAsianLadyBeetle虎甲科虎甲科(Cicindelidae)六斑虎甲六斑虎甲Cicindela sexpunctata FabriciusSix-SpottedGreenTigerBeetle步甲科CarabidaeLebia grandis隐翅虫科StaphylinidaeAleochara bilineata盲蝽科 (Miridae)Deraeocoris nebulosus花蝽科 (Anthocoridae)Orius tristicolorandO.insidiosusNnnnhhhLlLlll长蝽科(Lygaeidae)普通草蛉普通草蛉 Chrysopa carneaAdultLarva食蚜蝇食蚜蝇Hover Fly螳螂螳螂Mantis蜘蛛 Spiders智利小植绥蟎智利小植绥蟎Phytoseiulus persimilis寄生蜂寄生蜂ParasitoidsParasitoidsEgg-parasitoidsLarva-parasitoidsPupa-parasitoidsTrichogrammaApanteles glomeratusPteromulus puparumPteromulus puparum姬蜂科 Ichneumonidae岛弯尾姬蜂Diadema insulareKkK茧蜂茧蜂科(Braconidae)菜粉蝶绒茧蜂菜粉蝶绒茧蜂Apante