大学英语四级写作-类型与结构分析课件

大学英语四级写作大学英语四级写作1一、考核目的考核学生用英语进行书面表达的初步能力二、考核要求1.时间：30分钟2.字数：120词以上，180词一下3.题型：1）对比选择型2）原因解释型3）利弊分析型4）问题解决型5）记叙文6）应用文一、考核目的21 1作文题满分为作文题满分为1515分。分。阅卷标准共人为五等：阅卷标准共人为五等：2 2分，分，5 5分，分，8 8分，分，1111分及分及1414分。分。2 2分分-条理不清，思路紊乱，语言支离破碎或大部分句子均有错误，且多数为严重错误。条理不清，思路紊乱，语言支离破碎或大部分句子均有错误，且多数为严重错误。5 5分分-基本切题，表达思想不够清楚，连贯性差，有较多的严重错误。基本切题，表达思想不够清楚，连贯性差，有较多的严重错误。8 8分分-基本切题，表达思想比清楚，文字尚连贯，但语言错误较多。基本切题，表达思想比清楚，文字尚连贯，但语言错误较多。1111分分-切题，表达思想清楚，文字连贯，但有少量语言错误。切题，表达思想清楚，文字连贯，但有少量语言错误。1414分分-切题，表达思想清楚，文字通顺，连贯较好，基本上无语言错误。切题，表达思想清楚，文字通顺，连贯较好，基本上无语言错误。阅阅卷卷人人员员根根根根据据阅阅卷卷标标准准，对对照照样样卷卷评评分分，若若认认为为某某一一分分数数文文件件次次（如如8 8分分）相相似似，即即定定为为（8 8分分）；若若认认为为稍稍优优或或劣劣于于该该档档次次，则则可加一分（可加一分（9 9分）或减一分（分）或减一分（7 7分），但不得加减半分。分），但不得加减半分。字数不足应酌情扣分：字数不足应酌情扣分：少少1010字字少少2020字字少少3030字字少少4040字字少少5050字字少少5151字字累计字数累计字数110110119119100100109109909099998080898970707979 69 69扣分扣分1 12 23 34 45 55 5注：注：1 1、如题目中给出主题句、起始句、结束句，均不得记入所写字数。、如题目中给出主题句、起始句、结束句，均不得记入所写字数。2 2、只写一段者：只写一段者：0 04 4分，只写两段者：分，只写两段者：0 09 9分（指规定三段的作文）分（指规定三段的作文）3 3、白卷，作文与题目毫不相关，或只有几个孤立的词而无法表达思想、白卷，作文与题目毫不相关，或只有几个孤立的词而无法表达思想,则给零分。则给零分。2.2.设作文最低分，采用下列成绩计算方法：设作文最低分，采用下列成绩计算方法：1 1）作文分为）作文分为0 0分者，总分即使高于分者，总分即使高于6060分，一律作不及格处理；分，一律作不及格处理；2 2）作文分大于）作文分大于 0 0 分小于分小于 6 6 分者，按下分者，按下 列方式计算成绩：列方式计算成绩：最后报道分最后报道分 =原计算总分原计算总分 6+6+作文实得分作文实得分三、评分标准：三、评分标准：1作文题满分为15分。少10字少20字少30字少40字少3主题段主题段扩展段扩展段(1-2段段)终结段终结段主题句（第主题句（第1句）句）扩展句（扩展句（1到到2句）句）终结句（引出下文）终结句（引出下文）132终结句（最后终结句（最后1 1句）句）扩展句扩展句主题句（第主题句（第1句）句）过渡词过渡词过渡词过渡词 二、全文二、全文(议论文议论文)基本结构：基本结构：第第二部分二部分四级作文的结构四级作文的结构KeytoSuccessIn In such such a a competitive competitive society,society,everyone everyone has has a a strong strong desire desire to to be be successful successful and and in in his his life.life.But But how how to to achieve achieve success?success?In In my my opinion,opinion,there there are are three three main main keys keys a a clear clear objective,strong willpower and diligence.objective,strong willpower and diligence.FirstFirst,it it is is very very important important to to set set up up a a goal goal before before you you start.start.No No one one can can be be successful successful without without a a goal goal in in his his mind.mind.BesidesBesides,you you need need a a strong strong willpower willpower to to keep keep you you go go ahead.ahead.There There always always are are tough tough stones stones in in every every road road to to success.success.Whether Whether you you can can go go through through it it depends depends on on whether whether you you are are persistent persistent enough.enough.Last Last but but not not leastleast,everyone everyone who who wants wants to to succeed succeed should should be be diligent.diligent.There There is is and and old old saying,saying,“No No pains,pains,no no gains.gains.”Most Most successful successful people people owe owe their their success success to to hard hard working,working,such such as as Einstein.Einstein.In In conclusion,conclusion,if if we we want want to to be be successful,successful,we we have have to to master master the the three three main main keys keys mentioned mentioned above.above.There There is is no no shortcut shortcut to to success.success.The The three three keys keys will will assure assure you you to to realize realize your your beautiful dream.beautiful dream.主题段扩展段(1-2段)终结段主题句（第1句）扩展句（1到24主题句主题句扩展句扩展句终结句终结句连接词连接词连接词连接词段段落落1.主题句主题句表明全段是关于什么及讨论什么的段落中心句，即：明确地表示全段要展开的中心点,四级短文写作中最好是把主题句放在段首。2.扩展句扩展句是用来说明，解释，引申，或论证主题句所表达的中心思想的句子。3.结尾句结尾句是用一句话对段落的主题进行重述,评论,或总结,借以强化主题,加深读者的印象.It is not difficult to make a right It is not difficult to make a right choice between buying a house in choice between buying a house in the low-rise area and buying one the low-rise area and buying one in the high-rise area(in the high-rise area(主题句主题句).).If If we want to economize and get more we want to economize and get more personal area,we can choose the personal area,we can choose the low-rise;but if we want to live low-rise;but if we want to live more comfortably,we will choose more comfortably,we will choose the high-rise(the high-rise(扩展句扩展句).).In a word,In a word,the key lies in the alternative of the key lies in the alternative of economy and comfort(economy and comfort(结尾句结尾句).).一、四级作文的段落基本结构：一、四级作文的段落基本结构：主题句扩展句终结句连接词连接词段1.主题句5第三第三部分部分 常见的错误和问题常见的错误和问题注意方面：注意方面：1切题 2结构（三段式）3落题快（主题句在每段句首，不要绕圈）4长度（120150字，卷面第二页中间或到三分之二处，不要过多）语言方面须注意的问题：语言方面须注意的问题：1题目的大写An Eye-Witness Account of a Traffic Accident It Pays to Be Honest How to Succeed in a Job Interview2句子错误1）语态时态不正确I read the passage carefully and several mistakes were found.(语态不一致)I read the passage carefully and found several mistakes.I am very grateful if you could help me with this problem.(时态不一致)I will be very grateful if you could help me with this problem.2）主谓不一致He like playing football very much.He likes playing football very much.3）中式英语My English has made great progress.I have made great progress in English.Work makes me feel satisfied.Work is a source of satisfaction to me.4)结构不完整Although had many difficulties in studying English,I finally passed the exam.Although I had many difficulties in studying English,I finally passed the exam.第三部分常见的错误和问题语言方面须注意的问题：6Supposeyouhavetwooptionsupongraduation2016年年12月月CET4作文题作文题对比观点对比观点/原因解释题型原因解释题型/利弊分析利弊分析Oneistotakeajobinacompanyandtheothertogotoagraduateschool.Oneistoworkinastate-ownedbusinessandtheotherinjointventure.Oneistofindajobsomewhereandtheothertostartabusinessofyourown.Youaretomakeadecision.Writeanessaytoexplainthereasonsforyourdecision.Supposeyouhavetwooptionsu7对比开头对比开头Takeajobinacompanyv.sgotoagraduateschoolUpongraduation,someofmyclassmateswillfurthertheireducationatagraduateschool,butIwillchoosetotakeupajobimmediately.Agraduateeducationdoeshaveitsadvantages.Armedwithmoreknowledge,youmaysurvivebetterinthecontextofaknowledge-driveneconomy.Nevertheless,对比开头Takeajobinacompanyv.8对比开头对比开头workinastate-ownedbusinessv.sworkinajointventureAftergraduation,Iprefertoworkatastate-ownedenterprise(SOE)insteadofasino-foreignjointventureorawhollyforeign-ownedcompany.Itistruethatajointventureonceofferedmanyadvantages.Intheirearlystages,theydidenjoypreferentialpoliciessuchastaxcutsoreventaxexemptions,thusallowingtheiremployeestoearnsalarieshigherthanthoseatSOEs.Butnowforeigncompaniesareentitledtoonly“nationaltreatment”thesameasourdomesticcompaniesare.Ontheotherhand,对比开头workinastate-ownedbusi9对比开头对比开头findajobsomewherev.sstartabusinessofyourownWhilemoststudentswilltrytolandajobinacompany,inagovernmentagency,orataschool,Iwouldprefertostartabusinessofmyown.Itistruethatastablejoboffersyousomebenefits.Forexample,youdonthavetoshouldertheheavyresponsibilityofmakingoverallarrangementsforthecompany,andyouhaveastableincome,modestasitmaybe.However,对比开头findajobsomewherev.ss101.开门见山，点明观点。小分句铺陈要讨论的问题。开门见山，点明观点。小分句铺陈要讨论的问题。2.退一步，阐述二选一中另一项的优势。退一步，阐述二选一中另一项的优势。3.话锋一转，绕回主题，陈述个人的原因。话锋一转，绕回主题，陈述个人的原因。开头前两段开门见山，点明观点。小分句铺陈要讨论的问题。开头前两段11Weallknowthat/asweallknowThereismuchdiscussionabout/attentiontoTherearemanyarguments/opinions/viewsaboutNowadays/atpresentManypeoplebelievethatItisgenerallybelievedthat依我看来，我认为依我看来，我认为AsfarasIamconcernedasforme/asIseeitfrommyperspectiveformypart/personallyspeaking开头句式开头句式Weallknowthat/asweallkno12Selectoneheadingamongthethreeofferedbeforeandusetheexpressionsinthelastppttowriteyourownheading(onlythe1stparagraph)onthistopic.改写练习改写练习Selectoneheadingamongthet13一、开头常用语式一、开头常用语式(主题段的引入主题段的引入)AproverbsaysAstheproverbsaysSomepeoplesaythatManypeoplebelievethatItisgenerallybelievedthatWeallknowthatAsweallknowItisquiteclearthatVariousviewsexistasto,butTherearemanyarguments/opinions/viewsaboutThereismuchdiscussionabout/attentiontoItiswellknownthatItissaidthatIthasbeenfoundthatItiseasytoseethatThepiegraphshowsArecentsurveyprovidesThechart/graph/tableshowsNoonecandenythatNowadays,.AtpresentThereismuchdiscussionabout14原因解释型原因解释型2015年12月真题Youareallowed30minutestowriteanessaycommentingonthesayingNevergoouttoseewhathappens;goouttomakethingshappen.Learningisadailyexperienceandalifetimemission.Listeningismoreimportantthantalking.原因解释型2015年12月真题Youareallowed15BeParticipantsRatherthanOnlookersAsasayinggoes,“neverjustgoouttheretoseewhathappens;goouttheretomakethingsreallyhappen.”clearly,itencouragesustoactinsteadofstandingbywithfoldedarms.Istronglysupportthispointofview,andinreallifewecanfindnumerousexamplestoillustratethispoint.ObservethebeginningsofmodelessaysBeParticipantsRatherthanOn16ThesignificanceofLifelongLearningWhenhearingthesaying“Learningisadailyexperienceandalifetimemission”wecaneasilyperceiveitsconnotation.Apparently,thissayingcanbenaturallyassociatedwiththesignificanceoflifelonglearning.Inourdailylife,itisacommonphenomenonforustolearnsomethingforavarietyofpurposes.Meanwhile,ahostofintelligentpeoplearelesslikelytosucceediftheyhaventkeptthehabitoflifelonglearning.Takingalookaround,wecannoticeagreatmanyexampleslikethis:ThesignificanceofLifelongL17ThesignificanceofLifelongLearningAnotherversion:Learningisadailyexperienceandalifetimemission.Thisisaproverbfulloflogic.Inotherwords,learningissignificantinourwholelife.Indeed,wecanlearnmanythingsfromit.Ifyouunderstanditandapplyittoyourstudyorwork,youllnecessarilybenefitalotfromit.Therearemanyreasonswhichcanexplainthisphenomenonandthefollowingarethetypicalones.ThesignificanceofLifelongL181.复述引言，简要解析引言主题2.选取角度（基本都是拥护），围绕主题阐释例子。复述引言，简要解析引言主题19步骤：1.阐释现象/解释题意（举例）2.分析原因a,b,c3.指出利害（举例）/得出结论（解释、提出论点/某种现象）Thereasonarelistedasfollows:First,_(原因1).Additionally,_(原因2).Third,_(原因3)./Foronething,_(原因1).Foranother,_.(原因2)/Forinstance,_.(事例1)Anotherinstance/Acaseinthepointisthat_(事例2)Therefore,/Fromtheaboveexamples,/Inconclusion,/Inshort,/Inaword(结论或建议)Writingmodel:步骤：Writingmodel:20对比利弊型对比利弊型Forfreshmen,thefirstlessontheyattendinuniversitiesismilitarytraining.Writeanessayentitled“Ismilitarytrainingnecessary?”1.Somepeoplethinkmilitarytrainingisverysignificant.2.Othersthinkmilitarytrainingisnotnecessary.3.Yourownviews.对比利弊型Forfreshmen,thefirstl21IsMilitaryTrainingNecessary?Inmostcollegeanduniversities,thefirstlessonforthe freshmen is military training.As for this issue,differentpeoplehavedifferentviews/peoplesattitudesarevarious.The advocates hold the view that,with the basicmilitarytraining,studentswilllearndiscipline,teamworkandpatriotism.Theirexperienceofcooperating with each other to solve a problem willinformthemofthesignificanceofcooperation,whichisvitaltotheircollegestudy,eventheirfuturecareer.OpeningsentenceThesisstatementTopicsentence1IsMilitaryTrainingNecessary22Theprotestors,however,arguesthatthisisagreatwasteoftheyoungpeoplestime.IntodaysChina,thesoldiersinthearmycandefendourcountry.Therefore,itisnotnecessarytoforceindividualstoparticipateinmilitarytraining,nottomentionfreshmenwhosemajortaskincollegeisstudyandwhoarehardlyanyuseinrealbattle.Iagreethatthiskindoftrainingwillneverproduceanyqualifiedsoldierinthewar.Nevertheless,throughhardandarduoustraining,thefreshmenaretransformed from naive teenagers into young adults.The spirits of unity,toughness and bravery willinfluencetheirlifeforever.conclusionTopicsentence2Theprotestors,however,argue23二、二、中间常用句式（扩展段的连接）中间常用句式（扩展段的连接）通通常常按按重重要要程程度度排排列列，我我们们习习惯惯于于先先说说最最重重要要的的，西西方方人人则则相反，但都得符合逻辑顺序。相反，但都得符合逻辑顺序。1表表示示“首首先先”first,firstly,firstofall,tobegin，但但不不可可用用atfirst。2表表示示“第第二二”、“此此外外”“其其次次”、“况况且且”second,secondly,and,besides,moreover,additionally,furthermore,whatsmore,inaddition,besides+名名词词短短语语，inadditionto+名名词词短短语语，another+名词短语名词短语3表表示示“最最后后”finally,last,lastly,lastbutnotleast最最后后但但并并非最不重要的是。但不可用非最不重要的是。但不可用atlast或或intheend。4表示表示“最重要的是最重要的是”aboveall,mostimportantofall5.表表示示“更更严严重重的的是是”、“更更糟糟糕糕的的是是”more serious,evenworse,tomakematterworse6.表表示示“最最为为严严重重的的是是”、“最最糟糟糕糕的的是是”mostseriousofall,worstofall二、中间常用句式（扩展段的连接）24二、二、中间常用句式（扩展段的连接）中间常用句式（扩展段的连接）例如：例如：1）First of all,论论据据1.More importantly,论论据据2.Most important of all,论据论据3.In summary,总结观点总结观点.2)Theadvantagescanbelistedasfollows：First,好处好处1.Besides,好处好处2.Most important of all,好处好处3.Buteverycoinhastwosides.Thenegativeaspectsarealsoapparent.To begin with,坏坏处处1.To make matter worse,坏坏处处2.Worst of all,坏处坏处3.Fromtheaboveanalysis,Ibelieve观点观点.3）For one thing,论论据据1.For another,论论据据2.Last but not the least,论论据据3.To conclude,总总结结观观点点或或 From above,we can predict that 预测预测.4）First of all,论论据据1。Furthermore,论论据据2。Among all of the supporting evidences,one is the strongest.That is,论论据据3。A natural conclusion from the above discussion is that总总结结观观点点。或或From above,we can predict that预测预测.二、中间常用句式（扩展段的连接）25二、二、中间常用句式（扩展段的连接）中间常用句式（扩展段的连接）其他词语或句式：其他词语或句式：1）用于强调：afterall,anyway,infact,indeed,apparently,clearly,obviously,especially,2）用于对比：however,on one hand,on the other hand,in contrast,bycontrast,onthecontrary,while,whereas,instead,but,differentfrom,3）用于比较：similarly,likewise,like,inthesameway,4）用于列举：forexample,forinstance,suchas,takeforgranted,except(for)5）表示时间：later,then,next,finally,atlast,eventually,meanwhile,afterthat,fromnowon,atthesametime,forthetimebeing,aftersometime,intheend,immediately,inthemeantime,recently,soon,nowandthen,during,nowadays,presently,since,as soon as,afterwards,some time later,temporally,in themeanwhile,afterawhile,6）用于解释：inotherwords,asamatteroffact,thatis,7)用于让步：although,inspiteof,despite,eventhough,evenif,though,nomatterhow8)用于结果：consequently,thus,asaresult,asaconsequence,hence,so,therefore,accordingly9)其他：notonlybutalso,asfarasIamconcerned,whenitcomesto,inpractice,inprinciple,anotherkeyaspectofis,itistruethat,whatismoreserious is,there is no doubt that,but it is a pity that,but the trouble/problem/pointis二、中间常用句式（扩展段的连接）其他词语或句式：26Nowadays,_(讨论主题)playsanimportantpartinpeopleslife.Likeeverythingelse,_(讨论主题)hasbothfavourableandunfavourableaspects.Generally,theadvantagescanbelistedasfollows.First,_(好处1).Besides,_(好处2).Mostimportantofall,_(好处3).Buteverycoinhastwosides.Thenegativeaspectsarealsoapparent.Tobeginwith,_(坏处1).Tomakematterworse,_(坏处2).Worstofall,_(坏处3).Fromtheaboveanalysis,Ibelievethattheadvantagesoutweighthedisadvantages.Therefore,(结论)./Ibelievethemanagementof_(主题)dependon(个人建议)Writingmodel:Nowadays,_(讨论主题)playsa27问题解决型问题解决型HowIFinanceMyCollegeEducation1.大学的费用（tuitionandfees）可以通过各种途径解决；2.哪种途径适合我/我可以采取哪些方法解决我的大学费用问题。问题解决型HowIFinanceMyCollege28Nowadays,tuition and fees for college are muchhigher than ever before.How to finance their collegeeducation has become a matter of concern for manystudents,especiallythosewhofromremoteareas.In fact,there are many ways to solve this problem.Generally speaking,we can get most our tuition feesfromourparents.Ifourfamilyisshortageofmoney,wecanapplyforaloanespeciallysetupforcollegestudentsfrom some banks or from governments.Moreover,bytakingaparttimejobinoursparetimeandsummerorwinter vacations,wecanearn themoney weneed fordinners,textbooksandtransportationfees.Lastbutnotleast,ifwekeepawonderfulacademicrecords,wecaneven win scholarships from universities,which canlargely ameliorate our living condition and relieve theburdenoftuitionandfees.Nowadays,tuitionandfeesfor29As far as I am concerned,I prefer to obtainmostofmytuitionfrommyparentsbutstilltakepart-timejobstoimprovemyfinancialcondition.Ontheonehand,Idontwanttodependentirelyonmyparents,whichmayputthemundergreatpressure.Ontheotherhand,toobusyworkingpart-timemayreducemystudyingtimeandaffectmyacademicperformance.Therefore,acombinationofthesetwomethodscanenrichmycollege life,encourage me to maintain myindependence but still help me balance my lifeandstudy.AsfarasIamconcerned,Ipr30解决问题要讲究方法，可按时间先后，也可按轻重缓急等排列。基本模式为：（目前的现象及存在的问题）.Manywayscancontributeto_（要解决的问题）,butthefollowingonesmaybemosteffective.Firstofall_(方法1).Besides,_(方法2).Finally,_(方法3).Thesearenottheonlythreepointsyoushouldpayattentionto.Butitshouldbenotedthat_(使用这些方法时要注意的事项)/(展望)/(总结上述三种方法).解决问题要讲究方法，可按时间先后，也可按轻重缓急等排列。基本31三、结尾常用句式（终结段的连接）三、结尾常用句式（终结段的连接）1表示表示“总之总之”、“总而言之总而言之”、“简言之简言之”inconclusion,insummary,toconclude,tosummarize,tosumup,inshort,inbrief,inaword,onthewhole2“综上所述综上所述”fromtheforegoing,fromwhathasbeendiscussedabove,fromwhathasbeenmentionedabove,fromtheaboveanalysisObviously（此为过渡短语）（此为过渡短语）,wecandrawtheconclusionthatThus,itcanbeconcludedthat,Therefore,wecanfindthatObviously,itishightimethatwetooksomemeasurestosolvetheproblem.Accordingly,Irecommendthatsomemeasuresbetaken.Consequently,tosolvetheproblem,somemeasuresshouldbetaken.三、结尾常用句式（终结段的连接）32三、结尾常用句式（终结段的连接）三、结尾常用句式（终结段的连接）例例1Vacation,LongorShortOnethewhole,eitherlongorshortvacationhasitsadvantagesanddisadvantages.Whatmattersishowtomakeuseofit.例例2GoodHealth1身体健康的重要性。身体健康的重要性。2保持健康的途径。保持健康的途径。3我自己的实践。我自己的实践。Asforme,Ilikeplayingtennisinthemorning.Ialsoattachmuchimportancetoenoughsleepandrelaxation.Ibelievethiswillensuremygoodhealthfortherestofmylife.例例3HopeProject希望工程希望工程Inmyopinion,thisprojectisofgreatimportancetoourcountryatthepresenttime.Anditalsowillhaveaprofoundeffectonthefutureachievementsofourcountry.Isuggestthatmoreworkbedonesothateverychildinthecountrysidecanreceiveelementaryeducation.练习：练习：IsFailureaBadThingInmyopinion,failureisnotabadthing,thereallybadthingistakingafailureasfailureorevenloseourheartafterfailure.三、结尾常用句式（终结段的连接）33社会热点问题常用开头社会热点问题常用开头34大学英语四级写作-类型与结构分析课件35大学英语四级写作-类型与结构分析课件36大学英语四级写作-类型与结构分析课件37大学英语四级写作-类型与结构分析课件38一、图表作文常见出题形式一、图表作文常见出题形式图表作文一般在题目中给出作文的标题和一个或几个统计表格、圆形图、曲线图或条形图，有时还用英文或中文提纲的形式给出提示，要求我们：1)用文字描述图表，客观解释图表中所传递的信息，并找出某种规律或趋势;2)就图表中所反映的某种趋势或问题分析其原因或后果。就图表中所反映的某种趋势或问题分析其原因或后果。图表作文着重说明事实，常常是通过对图表中所反映的具体数据的说明、分析、比较，对某种事物或现象的事实或变化情况等加以说明，并提出结论或看法。因此，图表作文常常采用议论文体的写作方法。写好图表作文，关键在于能否读懂图表中所提供的信息，把握各写好图表作文，关键在于能否读懂图表中所提供的信息，把握各信息间的联系信息间的联系，用准确流畅的语言把这一信息表达出来，并就这一信息发表自己的看法。图表作文图表作文一、图表作文常见出题形式图表作文39写图表作文时，要注意遵循以下步骤：1)认真分析图表的含义，弄清图表中所含的信息及不同信息间的关系;2)确定文章的主题思想，构思出文章的基本框架，筛选出能说明图表主题思想的典型数据;3)编列文章的提纲;4)根据文章的提纲，将各段的提纲内容扩展成段落，然后将各个段落组成文章，注意段与段之间的衔接与过渡;5)检查与修改。二、图表作文的写作步骤写图表作文时，要注意遵循以下步骤：二、图表作文的写作步骤40图表作文图表作文Directions:Studythefollowinggraphcarefullyandwriteanessayinwhichyoushould1)analyzethegraph,and2)giveyourcommentsonthetrend.图表作文Directions:Studythefoll41图表作文图表作文图表作文42In recent years there has been a dramatic rise in the cell phones,which are now essential to millions of people as a convenient form of communication.In 2004 the number reached 315,000,000,with an average annual increase at 57,500,000.Some people can now no longer imagine life without their cell phones.The fact that they are so popular proves that they are useful and convenient.Mobile phones necessarily also harbor disadvantages.Example1Inrecentyearstherehasbeen43As is shown in the chart,cell phones are becoming more and more popular within China.In 2000,the number of cell phones in use was 85,260,000;in 2001,the number was 180,000,000;in 2002 206,600,000;in 2003 269,000,000.In 2004,the number is 315,000,000.From these statistics,we can see the increasing use of cell phones.Why have cell phones gained so much dominance in our lives?There are many factors contributing to this development.Firstly,The wide use of cell phones has made them more and more indispensable in peoples daily life.The many functions of the cell phone have made certain people reluctant to separate themselves from their cell phone.Example2Asisshowninthechart,cell441.解释图表。解释图表。2.选切入角度，转化为某一种议论文的形式，如选切入角度，转化为某一种议论文的形式，如原原因解释型因解释型或者或者利弊分析型利弊分析型。开头前两段解释图表。开头前两段45一：图表类型一：图表类型46二、框架结构1 开头：该图阐述的是_的_.共有以下几个部分组成。shows（that）/Accordingto/As（is）shownin/Ascanbeseenfrom/Itcanbeseenfrom/Wecanseefrom/Itisclear/apparentfromthefigures/statistics/Itisfrom/Thistellsusthemainstoryabout/concerning/concernedwith/on/relatedto2 分析：首先看到的是_,在_年呈现出_的趋势/占_;其次，第三比较分析3 小结：由上图分析，可以看出/得出_.二、框架结构1 开头：该图阐述的是_的_47描述：show,describe,illustrate,canbeseenfrom,clear,reveal,represent,present内容：figure,statistic,number,percentage,proportion第一段开头常用句型：Thetable/chartdiagrams/graphshowsthatAccordingtothetable/chartdiagram/graphAsisshowninthetable/graphAscanbeseenfromthetableItcanbeseenfromthefigures/statisticsthatWecanseefromthefigures/statisticsItisclear/apparentfromthefigures描述：show,describe,illustrate,48数据变化的描述：增加：increase/grow/rise/goup/ascend急剧上升：jump/shootup/soar/surge减少：decline/decrease/drop/fall/godown/descend/sink急剧下降：plunge波动：rebound/wave/fluctuate稳定：remainstable/stabilize/leveloff数据变化的描述：49数据变化的速度：Rapid/rapidly迅速的，飞快的Dramatic/dramatically戏剧性的，急剧变化的Significant/significantly重大的，意