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MorethanWordsCommunicationWithoutWordsThe definition of nonverbal communicationverbalcommunicationCommunication nonverbalcommunication spokenwordsthesilentlanguageThe definition of nonverbal communicationNonverbalcommunicationisbehavior,otherthanspokenorwrittencommunication,thatcreatesorrepresentsmeaning.Nonverbalcommunicationincludesfacialexpressions,bodymovements,andgestures.Nonverbalcommunicationistalkingwithoutspeakingaword.TheimportanceofnonverbalcommunicationMorethan55%messagesarecommunicatednonverbally!The elements of nonverbal communicationNonverbalCommunicationSpace keepingEye contactFacial expressionsGesturesBody movementSomeofthenonverbalcommunicationformsSmileSmileHappiness1The ring gesture Itmeanszero.234Itmeansmoneyorcoins.Itsasignalthatyouareinsultingpeople.InEnglishcountriesInFranceInBrazil InJapan/SouthKoreaItmean“Ok”,“fine”or“yes”.Iamfull.InAmericaEyecontact Whenpeoplemeet:ShakehandsWhenpeoplemeet:InJapanbowWhenpeoplemeet:InThailandWaiWhenpeoplemeet:InRussia,FranceandArabcountriesPersonalspaceIntheUnitedStatesInArabBody language is very important in our daily life,and it may vary from different cultures.When were visiting other countries,we should follow their customs.Thats to say,Group Discussion1.Why are you speaking?STEP ONE SampleAnswer(1)He is expressing his feelings/comment/opinion.(2)She is criticizing the childrens behavior and hopes that they would not do this again.(3)She is curious and is asking about the mans ideas.(4)He is making a suggestion.He asks the boy not to disturb him.Study the following movements of body language.Then work in pairs to discuss what each gesture means in your culture.Sample AnswerSample Answer Nodding your head up and downNodding your head up and down It means“I agree”or it shows that you are paying attention It means“I agree”or it shows that you are paying attention.Shaking your headShaking your head It means you are saying“No!”or it shows that you are It means you are saying“No!”or it shows that you are disappointed.disappointed.Waving your hand while curling the fingers downward/upwardWaving your hand while curling the fingers downward/upward It means“Come here!”It means“Come here!”Pre-ReadingQuestionsunderstanding specific information1)How can nonverbal signals cause difficulties in communication across cultures?2)What does body language include?3)What does the word“it”in line 12 refer to?They may mean different things in different cultures.Facial expression,gestures and other movements of the body that send messages.Nodding the head up and down4)Why did the salesman bring a new washing machine to the Japanese students apartment?5)In the United States,what are people expected to do during a conversation as far as eye contact is concerned?Because he thought the student was expressing“I agree to buy the machine”by nodding his head.People are expected to look into the other persons eyes during a conversation.6)What will probably happen if an American waves good-bye to an Asia schoolboy?7)According to the text,why does one diplomat try to increase their personal conversation distance while the other does the opposite?8)What is“cultural awareness”?He may come closer instead of going away.Because they come from different countries and prefer different conversation distances.Its the awareness of differences between different cultures./Its the awareness of proper behavior in different cultures.In-Class Reading1.Whenyoulearnaforeignlanguageyoumustlearnmorethanjustthevocabularyandthegrammar.（Line 1）morethanjust不不仅仅(要做要做)morethan(Line10)比比多多当当你你学学习习一一门门外外语语的的时时候候，你你要要学学的的不仅仅是词汇和语法。不仅仅是词汇和语法。Sentence Study今天早晨，我所做的工作要今天早晨，我所做的工作要比比他他多多。I have done more work this morning than he.In some places bottled water costs more than a glass of beer.有些地方的瓶装水有些地方的瓶装水比比一杯啤酒一杯啤酒还要要贵。Sentence Study提提到到北北京京2008年年奥奥运运会会，我我们关关心心的的不不仅仅是是经济利利益益，更重要的是它的国更重要的是它的国际影响。影响。When speaking of the 2008 Olympic Games in Beijing,we concern more than just financial profits.The more important thing is its international influence.Sentence Studynonverbal(l.5)non-:notnon-:nota nonstop flighta nonsmokernonconducting materialnoninterference in each others internal affairsNonnaturala nonalcoholic (不含酒精的)drinka nonmember country(非成员国)1.means(Line 9,Para.1)n.method,process,way,by which a result may be obtained 方法，手段1)bynomeans/notbyanymeans 决不,一点也不，完全不是By no means shouldthe baby be left alone.2)bymeansof用，依靠 The water can be carried by means of pipe.3)tolivewithin/beyondonesmeans Tony is getting increasingly in debt because he lives beyond his means.4)bywhatmeans Even if I agree to let you go,by what means are you going to get there on a Sunday?5)ameanstoanend I dont really like working in the docks,its just a means to an end because I want to get a job with one of the shipping companies.The quickest means of travel is by air.镇上的人用各种可能的办法扑灭了大火。She tried to explain by means of sign language.她试着用手语解释。Citizens of the town put out the fire by all means available.最快的交通方式是乘飞机。Words&Phrases2.Speaking a foreign language is sometimes difficult(Line 11)动名名词做做主主语通通常常表表抽抽象象的的、习惯性性的的或或经常常性性的的动作作，它它具具有有名名词和和动词的的特特征征。除除在在句句子子中中做做主主语外外，还可可以以做做表表语，宾语和定和定语。有有时时候候我我们们发发现现说说一一门门外外语语很很困困难难，因因为为我我们们可可能能不不了了解解另另一一种种文文化化的的非非言言语语信信号号，或或者者说说那那些些信号在我们自己文化中的含义可能迥然不同。信号在我们自己文化中的含义可能迥然不同。Sentence Studyto learn/do sth the hard way(l.18)通过艰难困苦而学会或明白某事To grow upTo grow upthe hard wayI Ilearned the hard waythat drugs werent an that drugs werent an answer to my problems.answer to my problems.Some complex occupations require specialized Some complex occupations require specialized knowledge that one mustknowledge that one mustlearn the hard way.3.contact(Line 22,Para.3)n.(state of)touching or coming together 接触，联系学者学者应该经常常接触新思想接触新思想。A scholar should_ e into contact with new ideas Have you been _ your solicitor recently?你最近同你的律你最近同你的律师有有联系系吗？in contact withWords&Phrases要了解要了解进一步情况，一步情况，请与我与我们当地的代理商当地的代理商联系系。For further information,please contact our local agents.vt.get into touch with(sb.)与（某人）接触；会晤；联系3.contact(Line 22,Para.3)Words&Phrases3.Visitorstoothercountriesmustbeawareofthedifferenceortheymaysendthewrongmessage.（Line 32）or可做并列可做并列连词表示表示“否否则，要不然，要不然”。去去国国外外访问的的人人必必须了了解解这种种差差别，否否 则也也许会表达会表达错误的信息。的信息。Sentence Study 4.be aware of(Line 33,Para.4)have knowledge or realization of sb./sth.知道，意识到，觉察到Smokers _ of cigarette smoking to their own health.吸烟者很清楚吸烟对他们自身健康的种种危害。are well aware of the dangersWords&PhrasesBefore the group match of Euro 2004,Greek football fans _ that their national team could take back the champion.在2004年欧洲足球锦标赛小组赛之前希腊球迷没有意识到自己的国家队有夺冠的可能性。4.be aware of(Line 33,Para.4)have knowledge or realization of sb./sth.知道，意识到，觉察到were not aware of the possibilityWords&Phrasesawareness(Line 47,Para.6)n.knowledge or understanding of a particular subject or situation 意识The police are trying to increase _ of illegal pyramid sales.警方正尽全力提高大众对于非法传销的（防范）意识。public awarenessWords&Phrases比比较状状语从从句句的的倒倒装装。在在than引引导的的复复合合句句中中，如如果果谓语动词省省略略，且且两两句句的的主主语进行行比比较，than后可用倒装。后可用倒装。4.Generally,NorthAmericansprefermorespacethandoLatinAmericansandpeoplefromtheMiddleEast.(Line 35)通通常常，比比起起拉拉丁丁美美洲洲和和中中东东人人来来，北北美美人人更喜欢彼此间谈话距离远一点。更喜欢彼此间谈话距离远一点。Sentence StudyFlying demands a much greater supply of energy than do most other forms of transportation.飞行所需的能量行所需的能量比其他运比其他运输方式方式所耗的能量大得多。所耗的能量大得多。她花在英她花在英语学学习上的上的时间比其他同学比其他同学都多。都多。She spent more time on English study than did the other students.Sentence Study5.Thepersonwhoprefersmoredistanceusuallylosesthefightwhenhe findshimselfwithhisbackagainstthewall.(Line 39)Theperson是是句句子子的的主主语，whoprefersmoredistance是是主主语的的定定语从从句句，losesthefight是是谓语和和宾语。when引引导的是状的是状语从句。从句。findoneself +介介词 发现自己自己处于某种状于某种状态想拉开距离的那个人退到背靠想拉开距离的那个人退到背靠墙，无路，无路可退可退为止，他的止，他的奋斗只好以失斗只好以失败告告终。Sentence StudyHe found himself in an embarrassing situation.他他发现自己处于发现自己处于一种尴尬的境地。一种尴尬的境地。若干年后，他若干年后，他发现又回到了发现又回到了自己阔别已久的故乡。自己阔别已久的故乡。Years later,he found himself back to his hometown.Sentence Study英语说的英语说的findoneself有三个意思有三个意思:起居起居e.g.Howdoyoufindyourselfthismorning?自给自足自给自足e.g.Heworksforonehundreddollarsamonthandfindshimself.自觉，自知，发现自己的能力自觉，自知，发现自己的能力e.g.Aftertryingvariousjobshefoundhimselfandbecameasuccessfulreporter.6.prefer(Line 39,Para.5)vt.choose rather,like better 宁可，宁愿（选择）；更喜欢 He prefers red wine to white.他他喜喜欢红葡萄酒，葡萄酒，不太喜不太喜欢白葡萄酒。白葡萄酒。He chose Spain,but personally Id prefer to go to Greece.他他选择了西班牙，但就我个人而言，我了西班牙，但就我个人而言，我会会选择去去希腊。希腊。Would you prefer that we reschedule the meeting for next week?你你乐意我意我们把会把会议重新安排在下周重新安排在下周吗？Words&Phrasespreferto,prefer()to do sth,prefer that6.Although we spend many years learning how to learn a foreign language,misunderstandings can occur unless we also know the nonverbal language and the correct behavior of that culture.(Line42)“unless”在意在意义上相当于上相当于“ifnot”，但，但语气气较强。译为“除非，如果不除非，如果不”。尽管我尽管我们花了花了许多年多年时间来学来学习一一门外外语，如果如果我我们不不了解那个文化的非言了解那个文化的非言语语言和正确言和正确举止的止的话，就会，就会产生生误解。解。Sentence Study除非你能给出更低的价格，否则他们是不会买这批货的。Unless you can give a lower offer,they wont buy these goods.如果你不给出更低的价格，他们是不会买这批货的。If you dont give a lower offer,they wont buy these goods.Sentence Study Useful Expressionsto look directly into a persons eyes to curl the fingers downward/upward while waving ones hand to increase/decrease the personal conversation distance cultural awareness 直直视某人某人 挥手手时手指朝下手指朝下/朝上朝上 拉开拉开/缩小交小交谈时的距离的距离 文化文化认知知 Useful Expressionsto communicate successfully in speechto understand the nonverbal signals of another culture must be aware of the differenceto be not really prepared to communicate in a foreign language 成功地成功地进行行交流交流了解另一种文化的非了解另一种文化的非言言语信号信号必必须了解了解这种差种差别没有真正具没有真正具备用外用外语交交际的能力的能力Useful ExpressionsUseful Expressions在不熟悉的在不熟悉的场合合应该有什么有什么样的的举止止how to behave in unfamiliar situationsTranslatethefollowingsentences,payattentiontotheunderlinedwords1)1)When you learn a foreign language you must learn When you learn a foreign language you must learn moremorethanthan just the vocabulary and the grammar.just the vocabulary and the grammar.（Line 1Line 1）当你学习一门外语的时候，你要学的当你学习一门外语的时候，你要学的不仅仅不仅仅是词汇和语法。是词汇和语法。2)This means of communication is so important that we may 2)This means of communication is so important that we may actually say more actually say more with our movementswith our movements than we do than we do with with wordswords.(Line 9).(Line 9)这种交流方法非常重要，以至于实际上这种交流方法非常重要，以至于实际上动作传递动作传递的信息比的信息比话语表话语表示示的还要多。的还要多。3)One of them tries to increase the personal conversation 3)One of them tries to increase the personal conversation distance distance andand the other tries to decrease it.the other tries to decrease it.其中一个竭力想拉大谈话时彼此间的距离，其中一个竭力想拉大谈话时彼此间的距离，而而另一个竭力缩短这另一个竭力缩短这一距离。一距离。4)Although we spend many years learning how to speak a 4)Although we spend many years learning how to speak a foreign language,misunderstandings can occur foreign language,misunderstandings can occur unlessunless we also we also know the nonverbal language and the correct behavior of that know the nonverbal language and the correct behavior of that culture.(Line 41)culture.(Line 41)尽管我们花了许多年来学习一门外语，尽管我们花了许多年来学习一门外语，但如果但如果不了解那个文化的不了解那个文化的非言语语言和正确举止，我们就会产生误解。非言语语言和正确举止，我们就会产生误解。Translation1.Youwontgetthejobunlessyouvegottheexperience.2.MostofmytimeisspentstudyingthedifferencesbetweenChineseandAmericancultures.3.Thestatement/sentenceissoclearthatitcantcauseanymisunderstanding.Translation4.Hewisheshecouldgivehermorehelpthanhedoes.5.Putonyourcoatoryoullcatchcold.6.ShehasaddedaPicassotohercollection.Translation7.Iamnotawareofeverhavingbeenherebefore.8.Youwillsoonfindyourselfwithoutanyfriendsatallifyoukeeponbeingsorudetoeverybody.
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