专四语法之比较结构课件

比较结构比较结构1一 比较结构(comparative Construction)英语中比较结构最主要有三种：1.asas结构2.morethan结构3.themost结构一比较结构(comparativeConstructi21.asas结构基本模式：as+adj/adv(原级）+as否定形式：1)notas/so+adj/adv(原级）+as2)也可用lessthane.gJohnisasbrightasBob.(否定）JohnisnotasbrightasBob.JohnislessbrightthanBob.1.asas结构基本模式：as+adj/adv(原级）3用法：1.主语不同，比较项目相同。2.Thisparcelisasheavyasthatone.3.2.主语相同，比较项目不同。4.Thegirlwasasbrilliantasshewasbeautiful.这姑娘既漂亮又聪明。3.主语和比较项目都不同。Theswimmingpoolisnttwice as wide as that one is long.（倍数+as+adj/adv+as.)用法：4另一种模式：asmuch/many+n+as否定形式：notas/somuch/many+n+as1)Hetookasmuchbutterasheneed.Hedidnttakeas/somuchbutterasheneeded.2)Shehaswrittenasmanyessaysasherbrother(does).Shehasntwrittenasmanyessaysasherbrother(does).另一种模式：asmuch/many+n+as5变体形式：as+adj(原级）+名词词组+as(注意下列句子的语序）1.Georgeisas efficient a worker asJack.(名词的意义受到强调）orGeorgeisaworker(whois)asefficientasJack.(形容词的意义受到强调）2.Idontwantasexpensiveacarasthis.变体形式：as+adj(原级）+名词词组+as62.morethan结构1)用于在两个人或物之间作同一方面的比较。Theconcertwasmoreenjoyablethanlecture.2)用于同一个人或物的本身作不同方面的比较。Thepresentcrisisismuchmoreapoliticalthananeconomiccrisis.当前的危机与其说是经济危机，不如说是政治危机。此用法也可用于lessthan结构，但得出相反的含义。Thepresentcrisisismuchlessapoliticalthananeconomiccrisis.当前的危机与其说是政治危机，不如说是经济危机。2.morethan结构1)用于在两个人或物之间作73.（the）+adj/adv最高级+比较范围比较级形式表示最高级意义时，比较对象的范围应用：anyother+单数名词theother+复数名词theothersanyone/anythingelse上述词是用来将比较级结构转变成最高级意义的关键词语，切不可遗漏，否则会造成逻辑混乱的错误。3.（the）+adj/adv最高级+比较范围比较级形式表8补充说明1notsoas¬somuchasLondonisntsobigasTokyo.伦敦没有东京大。ItwasntsomuchhisappearanceIlikedashispersonality.(与其说我喜欢他的外表，不如说我喜欢他的为人。）前一例相当于一般的比较结构，后一例相当于lessthan 的含义。not so much as是一个专四常考结构。补充说明1notsoas¬somuch9真题举例：1.Itisnotsomuchthelanguageasthebackgroundthatmakesthebookdifficulttounderstand.(99,45)(07.57)【注：同一个句子专四考了两次，这说明了反复看往年题的重要性】2.Thattrumpetplayerwascertainlyloud.ButIwasntbotheredbyhisloudnesssomuchasbyhislackoftalent.(04,41)真题举例：102.notmore/-erthan与nomore/-erthanJohnisnotbetterthanTom.(否定前者，肯定后者)JohnisnobetterthanTom.(对前后者都否定）真题举例：Overpopulationposeaterriblethreattohumanrace.Yetitisprobablynotmoreathreatthanenvironmentaldestruction.(07.62)2.notmore/-erthan与nomore113.nomorethan(=notanymorethan)两者一样都不Awhaleisnomoreafishthanahorseis.鲸不是鱼，如同马不是鱼一样。Fatcannotchangeintomuscleanymorethanmusclechangesintofat.(99.44)脂肪不能变成肌肉，就如同肌肉不能变成脂肪一样。3.nomorethan(=notanymore124.themorethemore与moreandmorethemore.themore表示两个过程中同时递增，是主从结构。moreandmore只表示一个过程的不断增长。如thewildertherangeofourlifeandthemorevariousthecontactswehave,thewilderandsupplermustbeourcommandoverarangofEnglishstyles.4.themorethemore与morean135.“ofa+n”的比较级“ofa+n”相当于一个形容词，表示具有后面那个名词的性质；若该名词为可数名词，名词之前要加不定冠词。它的比较级也要用more来修饰。如Heismoreofadoctor.他更像个医生。该结构也可以用于同级比较结构中。如Heisasofanathleteasshe.他和她一样具备运动员的素质。5.“ofa+n”的比较级14Thereareasgoodfishinthesea_evercameoutofit.(2007,51)A.ThanB.likeC.asD.soB.Itisnot_muchthelanguageasthebackgroundthatmakesthebookdifficulttounderstand.(2007,57)C.A.ThatB.asC.soD.veryThereareasgoodfishinthe15Itwas_wehadhoped.(2006,64)A.moreasuccessthanB.asuccessmorethanC.asmuchofasuccessasD.asuccessasmuchasItwas_wehadhoped.(20016DoyouknowTimsbrother?Heis_thanTim.A.muchmoresportsmanB.moreofasportsmanC.moreofsportsmanD.moreasportsmanDoyouknowTimsbrother?He17Overpopulationposeaterriblethreattohumanrace.Yetitisprobably_athreatthanenvironmentaldestruction.(07,62)A.nomoreB.notmoreC.evenmoreD.muchmoreOverpopulationposeaterribl18Thelessthesurfaceofthegroundyieldstotheweightofafully-loadedtruck,_tothetruck.(2004,57)A.thegreaterstressisB.greateristhestressC.thestressisgreaterD.thegreaterthestressThelessthesurfaceofthegr19Anewlaptopcostsabout_ofasecond-handone.(2009,55)A.thepriceofthreetimesB.threetimesthepriceC.asmuchasthethreetimespriceD.threetimesmorethanthepricesAnewlaptopcostsabout_20Thesquareitselfisfivehundredyardswide,fivetimes_thesizeofSt.PetersinRome.A./B.thatofC.whichisD.ofThesquareitselfisfivehund21