不定式的用法课件讲义

Grammar不定式的用法Grammar1Tofinishsomuchthehomeworkinadayisimpossible.Toseeistobelieve.Mywishistobeadoctor.Iwanttodoitmyself.Wefounditdifficulttoworkwithhim.Healwayshasalotofmeetingstoattend.Heislookingforaroomtolivein.Istudyhardtoservethepeoplewell.Inordernottobelateshetookabus.To finish so much the homework2动词不定式动词不定式：（to）+do，具有名词、形容词、副词的特征具有名词、形容词、副词的特征。主动主动被动被动一般式一般式towritetobewritten进行式进行式tobewriting/完成式完成式tohavewrittentohavebeenwrittenGrammar不定式的形式，以（write)为例动词3否定式否定式：not+(to)do1）一般式一般式：不定式的一般式所表示的动作与：不定式的一般式所表示的动作与谓语动词动作谓语动词动作同时同时发生或发生在谓语动词动作发生或发生在谓语动词动作之后之后。Imgladtomeetyou.Heseemstoknowalot.Weplantopayavisit.Hewantstobeanartist.Thepatientaskedtobeoperatedonatonce.Theteacherorderedtheworktobedone.否定式：not+(to)do1）一般式：不定式的一般式4（2）进行式进行式：不定式的进行式所表示的动作与：不定式的进行式所表示的动作与谓语动词动作谓语动词动作同时发生同时发生，例如：，例如：Theboypretendedtobeworkinghard.Heseemstobereadinginhisroom.（3）完成式完成式：不定式的完成式表示的动作发生：不定式的完成式表示的动作发生在谓语在谓语动词动作动词动作之前之前，例如：，例如：Iregrettedtohavetoldalie.Ihappenedtohaveseenthefilm.Heispleasedtohavemethisfriend.（2）进行式：不定式的进行式所表示的动作与谓语动词动作同时发54.被动式被动式Thepatientaskedtobeoperatedonatonce.Theteacherorderedtheworktobedone.4.被动式6（1）作主语：）作主语：Tofinishtheworkintenminutesisveryhard.Toloseyourheartmeansfailure.动词不定式短语作主语时，常用动词不定式短语作主语时，常用it作形式主语作形式主语例如上面两句可用如下形式：例如上面两句可用如下形式：Itisveryhardtofinishtheworkintenminutes.Itmeansfailuretoloseyourheart.（1）作主语：Grammar不定式的句法功能7常见的带形式主语常见的带形式主语it的句型：的句型：Itiseasy(difficult,important,possible,necessary,good,kind,wise,foolish)todosth.Itisapleasure(pity,crime,anhonor)todosth.Ittakes(sb.)sometimetodosth.常见的带形式主语it的句型：82）作表语：Her job is to clean the hall.He appears to have caught a cold.眼见为实眼见为实.Seeingistobelieve.Toseeisbelieving.Seeingisbelieving.Toseeistobelieve.你要干的事就是尽快把这项工作做完。你要干的事就是尽快把这项工作做完。Allyouhavetodoisfinishthejobquickly.Allyouhavetodois(to)finishthejobquickly.2）作表语：眼见为实.你要干的事就是尽快把这项工作做完。Al9不定式作表语时一般紧跟在系动词不定式作表语时一般紧跟在系动词be,seem,remain,appear,get等后面，用来说明主语的内容。等后面，用来说明主语的内容。常见的主语有：常见的主语有：onesdream,business,wish,idea,plan,job,work,task,duty,whatonewantstodo（3）作宾语作宾语：常与不定式做宾语连用的动词有：常与不定式做宾语连用的动词有：want,hope,wish,offer,fail,plan,learn,pretend,refuse,manage,help,agree,promise,prefer,etc.Freddidnthaveanymoney,sohedecidedtolookforajob.Hepromisednottotellanyoneaboutit.不定式作表语时一般紧跟在系动词be,seem,remai10如果不定式（宾语）后面有宾语补足语，如果不定式（宾语）后面有宾语补足语，则用则用it作形式宾语，真正的宾语（不定式）作形式宾语，真正的宾语（不定式）后置后置，放在宾语补足语后面，例如：放在宾语补足语后面，例如：MarxfounditimportanttostudythesituationinRussia.动词不定式也可充当介词宾语，如：动词不定式也可充当介词宾语，如：Ihavenochoicebuttostayhere.HedidnothinglastSundaybutrepairhisbike.动词不定式前有时可与疑问词连用，如：动词不定式前有时可与疑问词连用，如：HegaveussomeadviceonhowtolearnEnglish.如果不定式（宾语）后面有宾语补足语，动词不定式也可充当介词宾114）作宾语补足语：作宾语补足语：在复合宾语中，动词不定式可充当宾语补足语，在复合宾语中，动词不定式可充当宾语补足语，如下动词常跟这种复合宾语：如下动词常跟这种复合宾语：want,wish,ask,tell,order,beg,permit,help,advise,persuade,allow,prepare,cause,force,callon,waitfor,invite有些动词如有些动词如make,let,see,watch,hear,feel,have等与不带有等与不带有to的不定式连用，但改为的不定式连用，但改为被动语态时被动语态时，不定式要，不定式要加加to,如：如：Isawhimcrosstheroad.Hewasseentocrosstheroad.（7）作状语：作状语：Eg.Heisluckytogethereontime.Becarefulnottocatchacold.Theystartedearlysoastocatchthefirstbus.Ihurriedtogetthereonlytofindhimout.Theypartednevertoseeeachother.Hestudiedhardonlytofail.4）作宾语补足语：有些动词如make,let,see,12表目的表目的：Heworkeddayandnighttogetthemoney.Shesoldherhairtobuythewatchchain.注意不定式放句首时，逻辑主语与句子主语要一致：注意不定式放句首时，逻辑主语与句子主语要一致：wrong：Tosavemoney,everymeanshasbeentried.right：Tosavemoney,hehastriedeverymeans.wrong：TolearnEnglishwell,adictionaryisneeded.right：TolearnEnglishwell,heneedsadictionary.表结果表结果：Hearrivedlatetofindthetraingone.常用常用only放在不定式前表示强调：放在不定式前表示强调：Ivisitedhimonlytofindhim.表原因：表原因：Theywereverysadtohearthenews.表程度表程度：Itstoodarkforustoseeanything.Thequestionissimpleforhimtoanswer.表目的：表结果：表原因：13作独立成分：作独立成分：Totellyouthetruth,Idontlikethewayhetalked.不定式的省略：保留不定式的省略：保留to省略省略do动词动词。Ifyoudontwanttodoit,youdontneedto.不定式的并列：第二个不定式可省略不定式的并列：第二个不定式可省略to。Hewishedtostudymedicineandbecomeadoctor.作独立成分：不定式的省略：保留to省略do动词。不定式14为了避免重复，作宾语的不定式第二次出现时往往省略，为了避免重复，作宾语的不定式第二次出现时往往省略，只保留不定式符号。只保留不定式符号。在在want,wish,hope,like,hate,plan,try,love等词后。等词后。Eg.Youcantryitagainifyouwantto.-Haveyoulistenedtothemusic?-No,butIplanto.2.在在haveto,oughtto,need后面。后面。Eg.Ididntwanttobotheryou,butIhadtoasIforgottheaddress.3.在在beableto,usedto,begoingto后面。后面。Eg.Mr.Liplannedtocomebuthewasntableto.Shanghaiisnotthecityasitusedto.为了避免重复，作宾语的不定式第二次出现时往往省略，只保留不定154.当介词当介词but,except,besides前面有实义动词前面有实义动词do时，时，不定式在介词不定式在介词之后可以省去之后可以省去to。敌人除了投降敌人除了投降surrender之外，别无出路。之外，别无出路。Theenemycandonothingbut_.Theenemyhadnothingtochoosebut_.除了看小说之外，他还喜欢别的吗？除了看小说之外，他还喜欢别的吗？Whatdoesheliketodobesides_novels?Whatdoeshelikebesides_novels?4.当介词but,except,besides前面有实义16Exercise171Robertissaid_abroad,butIdidntknowwhatcountryhestudiedin.AtohavestudiedBtostudyCtobestudyingDtohavebeenstudying2Thepurposeofnewtechnologiesistomakelifeeasier,_itmoredifficult.AnotmakeBnottomakeCnotmakingDdonotmake3.Iveworkedwithchildrenbefore,soIknowwhat_inmynewjob.A.expectedB.toexpectCtobeexpectingDexpects1 Robert is said _ abroad,b184Havingatripabroadiscertainlygoodfortheoldcouple,butitremains_whethertheywillenjoyit.A.toseeB.tobeseenC.seeingD.seen5.ItissaidinAustraliathereismorelandthanthegovernmentknows_.A.itwhattodowithB.whattodoitwithC.whattodowithitD.todowhatwithit6.Pauldoesnthavetobemade_.Healwaysworkshard.A.learnB.tolearnC.learnedD.learning4 Having a trip abroad is cert197Weagreed_herebutsofarshehasntturnedoutyet.A.havingmetB.meetingC.tomeetD.tohavemet8.Theboywantedtoridehisbicycleinthestreet,buthismothertoldhim_.A.nottoB.nottodoC.notdoitD.donotto9.Thepatientwaswarmed_onlyfoodaftertheoperation.AtoeatnotB.eatingnotC.nottoeatD.noteating10.Iwouldlove_tothepartylastnightbutIhadtoworkextrahourstofinishareport.A.togoB.tohavegoneC.goingD.havinggone7 We agreed _ here but so fa20