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Grammarthe Subjunctive Mood虚虚拟拟语语气气We met in this room.Do come to the meeting next Friday.If I were you,I would study hard.陈述语气陈述语气祈使语气祈使语气虚拟语气虚拟语气Definition虚语语气（虚语语气（the Subjunctive Mood）表示说话人的一种愿望、表示说话人的一种愿望、建议、命令、要求、有时是一种建议、命令、要求、有时是一种非真实的假设、料想，或是不可非真实的假设、料想，或是不可能实现的与事实相反的愿望。能实现的与事实相反的愿望。虚拟语气的考点虚拟语气的考点 1、条件句中的虚拟语气的用法；、条件句中的虚拟语气的用法；2、条件句中虚拟语气的倒装；、条件句中虚拟语气的倒装；3、名词性从句中虚拟语气的用法；、名词性从句中虚拟语气的用法；4、几种特殊结构中虚拟语气的用法；、几种特殊结构中虚拟语气的用法；5、虚拟语气与陈述语气的判定。、虚拟语气与陈述语气的判定。ifif引导的虚拟条件句引导的虚拟条件句区别区别:Ifitrainstomorrow,thecropswillbesaved.陈述语气陈述语气Ifitrainedtomorrow,thecropswouldbesaved.虚拟语气虚拟语气If+主主+did(were),主主+would/should/could/might+动词原形动词原形If I were you,I would try it again.1.如果我是你，我会再试一次。如果我是你，我会再试一次。2.2.如果我有一百万美元，我会买下这架飞机。如果我有一百万美元，我会买下这架飞机。If I had one million dollars,I would buy the plane.与现在事实相反的虚拟条件句与现在事实相反的虚拟条件句If+主主+had done sth,主主+would/should/could/might+动词完成式（动词完成式（have done）If he had worked hard,he would have passed the examination.1.1.如果他努力学的话，他就通过这次考试。如果他努力学的话，他就通过这次考试。If I had married her,I would have been unhappy.2.2.要是当时我和她结了婚的话，那我是很不幸的。要是当时我和她结了婚的话，那我是很不幸的。与过去事实相反的虚拟条件句与过去事实相反的虚拟条件句与将来事实相反的虚拟条件句与将来事实相反的虚拟条件句(通常有时间状语通常有时间状语)If he came here tomorrow,I would tell him about it.If he were to come/should come here tomorrow,I would tell him about it.如果他明天来的话如果他明天来的话,我会告诉他这件事我会告诉他这件事.If+主主+did(were to/should do),主主+would/should/could/might+动词原形动词原形与与现现在在相相反反与与过过去去相相反反与与将将来来相相反反If从句从句主句主句did（be用用were)had+donedid（were)were to doshould dowould/should/could/might+dowould/should/could/might+dowould/should/could/might+have down虚拟语气虚拟语气 SubjunctiveMood时间时间条件从句条件从句if主句主句过去过去had donewould/should/could/might have done现在现在did/werewould/should/could/might do将来将来1.should do2.were to do3.did/were退一步退一步 海阔天空海阔天空If you _tomorrow,you _find the new manager working in the office.A.should come;would B.would come;wouldC.will come;should D.comes;mightIf the parents _at the hospital earlier after the accident,the child would have been saved.A.arrives B.arrive C.had arrived D.has arrivedIf he _he _that food.Luckily he was sent to the hospital immediately.A.was warned;would not have takenB.had been warned;would not have takenC.would be warned;had not takenD.would have been warned;had not takenI didnt see your sister at the meeting.If she _,she would have met my brother.A.has come B.did come C.came D.had come If my lawyer _here last Sunday,he _ me from going.A.had been;would have preventedB.had been;would preventC.were;would prevent D.were;would have prevented倒装的倒装的IfIf虚拟句虚拟句条件状语的倒装：条件状语的倒装：如果条件状语中有如果条件状语中有were,had,should时时,可以倒可以倒装成：装成：Were/Should/Had+主主+其他其他Were I you,I would try it again.Had he been there yesterday,he would have seen the film.Should it snow tomorrow,we wouldnt go out.If I were you,I would try it again.If he had been there yesterday,he would have seen the film.If it should snow tomorrow,we wouldnt go out._the exam,he would have attend a college.A.If he passed B.Had he passedC.Were he passed D.If he should pass_five minutes earlier,you could have seen them off.A.If you should arrive B.If you arriveC.Had you arrived D.Should you arrive _it rain tomorrow,we should have to put off the visit to the Science Museum.A.Were B.should C.would D.will混合时间条件句混合时间条件句注意注意:主从句时间不一致情况下的虚拟语气主从句时间不一致情况下的虚拟语气(混合条件句混合条件句):):有时条件从句中的动作和结果与主句有时条件从句中的动作和结果与主句中的动作，发生的时间不一致，这时中的动作，发生的时间不一致，这时动作的形式应根据它所表示的时间加动作的形式应根据它所表示的时间加以调整。以调整。如果我是你，我就听从了他的建议。如果我是你，我就听从了他的建议。If I were you,I would have taken his advice.从句表示现在，主句表示过去从句表示现在，主句表示过去如果你听了我的话，现在就不会这么糟糕了。如果你听了我的话，现在就不会这么糟糕了。从句表示过去，主句表示现在从句表示过去，主句表示现在If you had listened to me,you might not be in such trouble now.If you If you had followedhad followed my advice,you my advice,you wouldwould be able to finish the work now.be able to finish the work now.如果你当时听了我的话，现在就能完成这份如果你当时听了我的话，现在就能完成这份工作了。工作了。（从句说明过去，主句说明现在。）（从句说明过去，主句说明现在。）If I If I werewere you,I you,I would have gonewould have gone to her to her birthday party.birthday party.如果我是你，我就去参加她的生日晚会了。如果我是你，我就去参加她的生日晚会了。（从句说明现在，主句说明过去。）（从句说明现在，主句说明过去。）含蓄条件句含蓄条件句非真实条件句中的条件从句有时不表示出来，非真实条件句中的条件从句有时不表示出来，只暗含在上下文中，这种句子叫做含只暗含在上下文中，这种句子叫做含蓄条件句。蓄条件句。由由介词介词或或介词介词短语短语暗示的虚拟结构暗示的虚拟结构 without(没有没有)but for(要不是要不是)otherwise Without sunlight,peoples life would be different from today.But for your help,I wouldnt have finished the work.Without your help,I would have failed.But for water,it would be impossible to live in the desert.1.Without sunlight,water or air,there _ no life on the earth.A will have B would be C can be D must be 2 But for the snow,we _ earlier.A will arrive B would have arrived C arrive D arrived Iwasverybusyyesterday.OtherwiseI_toseeyou.(come)would have come虚拟语气特殊句型：虚拟语气特殊句型：1.wishthat2.asif/asthough3.wouldratherthat4.Its(about/high)timethatwishwish引导的虚拟句引导的虚拟句I wish I remembered the address.我要是记得地址就好了。（真可惜我忘了）我要是记得地址就好了。（真可惜我忘了）How I wish he had not left.要是他没有离开这里就好了。（他已离开）要是他没有离开这里就好了。（他已离开）I wish it would rain tomorrow.要是明天下雨就好了。（说话人以预料明天不会下雨）要是明天下雨就好了。（说话人以预料明天不会下雨）wish+thatHow I wishIf onlydid/were 现在现在had done 过去过去would/might/would do 将来将来Ifonly(1)要是就好了要是就好了=IwishIfonlyIknewhisnamenow!Ifonlywehadfollowedyouradvicelasttime!IfonlyIcouldseehimagainnextyear!要是我们的父母能和我们住在一起就好了。要是我们的父母能和我们住在一起就好了。Ifonlyourparentscouldlivewithus!IfonlyIhadntmissedthetrain!要是我没错过火车就好了要是我没错过火车就好了.Exercises:“Have you visited the Science Museum?”“No,but I really wish I _.”A.had B.did C.have D.willI didnt go to the party,but I do wish I _there.A.was B.were C.had been D.wentI wish I _ you yesterday.A.see B.did see C.had seen D.were to see -He is a brave man.-Yes,I wish I _his courage.A.Have B.had C.will have D.would haveTom can take his car apart and put it back together again.I certainly wish he _me how.A.teaches B.will teach C.has taught D.would teachThe picture exhibition bored me to death.I wish I_to it.A.hadnt gone B.havent goneC.didnt go D.could not have goneHow I wish I _that!Everybody present was angry with me.A.didnt go B.hadnt done C.wouldnt do D.wasnt doing as if/though 区别：区别：HespeaksEnglishasif/thoughheisfromtheUSA.陈述语气陈述语气HespeaksEnglishasif/thoughhewerefromtheUSA.虚拟语气虚拟语气2.as if/though+Clause现在：现在：过去：过去：将来将来:did/were(现在现在)had done(过去过去)She loves the baby as if it were her own son.He speaks as if he had been to the United States.would+动词原形动词原形(将来将来)When a pencil is partly in a glass of water,it looks as if it _.A.breaks B.has broken C.were broken D.had been brokenThe actor is 58 years old.But he acts as if he _ a young man.A.is B.will be C.am D.wereThe clouds are getting darker and darker.It looks as if it _rain.A.is going to B.will C.was going to D.would注意：注意：如果表示的事情可能如果表示的事情可能会发生，那么状语从句中的会发生，那么状语从句中的谓语动词可用陈述语气。谓语动词可用陈述语气。It looks as if you are tired.3.would rather that现在：现在：过去：过去：未来：未来：过去时过去时过去完成时过去完成时过去时过去时I would rather you paid me now.I would rather you had gone,too.Dont come.I would rather you came tomorrow.我真希望你告诉我真相。我真希望你告诉我真相。Id rather you told me the truth.我宁愿不再见着你。我宁愿不再见着你。Id rather I didnt see you again.我倒希望他们和我一起去。我倒希望他们和我一起去。I would rather they went with me.4.Its(about/high)time+that-过去时should+V.你该走了。Its high time that you went.Its high time that you should go.我们该去睡觉了。Its time that we went to bed.Its time that we should go to bed.名词性从句中要求名词性从句中要求用虚拟语气的动词用虚拟语气的动词 suggest,order,demand,propose,command,request,desire,insist,require,advice etc.引引导的宾语从句要用虚拟语气，以导的宾语从句要用虚拟语气，以(should)+v原原的形式出现。的形式出现。We all suggest that he(should)finish his homework first.The captain commanded that all the sailors (should)get down to work at once.Its suggested(ordered,demanded,proposed,commanded,requested,desired,insisted,required)that 后面的主语从句中要使用后面的主语从句中要使用虚拟语气，也以虚拟语气，也以 (should)+v原原.的形式出的形式出现。现。Its ordered that only German (should)be taught at schools in Alsas and Lorin.Its requested that all the students(should)wear school uniforms at school.以上这些动词的以上这些动词的名词形式名词形式后面的后面的表语从句表语从句 和和同位语从句同位语从句中也要用虚拟语气，也应以中也要用虚拟语气，也应以 (should)+v(should)+v原原.的形式出现。的形式出现。My suggestion is that you(should)go home first before coming here.His request that his cost(should)be paid by the hour is completely reasonable.The order came that the work(should)be finished two days ahead of time My advice is that you(should)practise speaking English as often as possible 注意注意:当当suggest 表示表示“暗示暗示”;insist表示表示“坚持认为坚持认为”时不时不用虚拟！用虚拟！His accent suggests he comes from Hunan.I insist that he was wrongHis silence suggested that he agreed with my decision He insists that doing morning exercises does good to peoples health.Itsnecessary/strange/natural/important+that-Clause从句中的动词从句中的动词要用虚拟，要用虚拟，即（即（should）+动词原形动词原形Itisimportantthatwe(should)masteraforeignlanguage.Itisstrangethatsherefusetocometotheparty.Itsnecessarythatweshouldstudyhard.Itisapity(ashame,nowonderetc)+that从句中的动词要用虚拟，从句中的动词要用虚拟，即（即（should）+动词原形动词原形Itsapitythatheshouldfailtheexam.用用“may+动词原形动词原形”表示祝愿，表示祝愿，但愿，此时但愿，此时may须置于句首须置于句首Maygoodluck be yours!祝你好祝你好运！运！Mayyou be happy!祝你快乐！祝你快乐！Mayyou do evenbetter!祝你取得祝你取得更大成就更大成就Long live thepeople!人民万岁！人民万岁！“God bless you,”saidthepriest.牧师说：牧师说：“愿上帝保佑你！愿上帝保佑你！”1.判断是否虚拟判断是否虚拟2.判断虚拟类型判断虚拟类型3.判断虚拟时间判断虚拟时间Practice1Hesuggestedthatthemeetingputoff.A.notbeB.shouldnotC.wouldntD.benot2Itisstrangethatheso.A.thinksB.thinkC.thoughtD.willthink3IwishImyuncleyesterday.A.metB.havemetC.wouldmeetD.hadmet4Theoldprofessorgaveordersthattheexperimentbefore6.A.wasfinishedB.willfinishC.befinishedD.shallbefinished 5.She says shed rather he _tomorrow instead of today.A.had B.should leave C.leaves D.left6.Its already 5 oclock now.Dont you think its about time_?A.we are going home B.if she leaves C.we went home D.if she had left7Itshightimehehome.A.goesB.wentC.willgoD.isgoingtogo8yousucceedandyoubehealthy.A.MaymayB.WishwishC.HopehopeD.Shouldmay9Galileoinsistedthattheearthroundthesun.A.shouldmoveB.moveC.movesD.AorB10IfonlyI_tomyparentsadvice!A.listeningB.listenC.amlisteningD.hadlistened11-Whydidntyoucometothepartyyesterday?-I_,butanunexpectedvisitorcametoseeme.A.didB.wouldC.hadD.wasgoingto12Idratheryou_methenews.A.nottellB.nottotellC.didnttellD.hadnttold 1.The boy who went swimming in the No-swimming Zone drowned in the river.If the boy hadnt gone swimming in the No-swimming Zone,he wouldnt have drowned in the river.Had the boy not gone swimming in the No-swimming Zone,he wouldnt have drowned in the river.2.Billy was badly bitten by mosquitoes because he forgot to use the mosquito net last night.If Billy had remembered to use the mosquitonet last night,he would not have been bitten by Had Billy remembered to use the mosquitonet last night,he would not have been bitten by3.The mother carelessly put the knife within the babys reach,and the baby cut herself while playing it.If the mother had carefully put the knife out of the babys reach,the baby wouldnt have cut herself.Had the mother carefully put the knife out of the babys reach,the baby wouldnt have cut herself.4.The students got food-poisoning after eating the potatoes in the dining-room.If the students had not eaten the potatoes in the dinning-room,they wouldnt have got food-poisoning.Had the students not eaten the potatoes in the dinning-room,they wouldnt have got food-poisoning.5.The parents put the thermos on the ground.Their son kicked it and got burnt.If the parents had put the thermos in a safe place,their son wouldnt have kicked it and got burnt.Had the parents put the thermos in a safe place,their son wouldnt have kicked it and got burnt.
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