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一、宾语从句(一) 宾语从句指在主从复合句中用作宾语的从句。本单元主要学习: (一) that引导的宾语从句that 引导的宾语从句,that 只起引导词作用,不充当句子成分,也没有词义,且通常可以省略。 We think (that) he will help us.我们认为他会帮助我们。 He said (that) he was good at English.他说他擅长英语。 (二) if或whether引导的宾语从句if 和whether意为“是否”,一般可以互用,在从句中只起连接作用,不作任何句子成分。从句多是一般疑问句或选择疑问句转化而来。I dont know if/whether they will come tomorrow.我不知道他们明天来不来。Please make sure if/whether there is a flight leaving for Shanghai.请弄清楚是否有飞往上海的航班。 下列几种情况通常使用whether,不用if:(1 )在具有选择意义又有or或or not时,尤其是直接与or not连用时,往往用whether。 No one can exactly know whether or not it is sunny tomorrow.没有人确切地知道明天是否是晴天。(2 )在介词之后用whether。 Were talking about whether the plan is good enough.我们正在讨论那个计划是否足够好。(3)在 不 定 式 前 用 whether。He can t decide whether to go for a holiday in the south or not.他 不 能决定 是 否 去 南 方 度 假 。 二、感叹句 感叹句用来表示赞美、惊讶、喜悦、悲伤、痛苦等情绪, 常带有强烈的感情色彩,一般用what或how引导。 (一) what引导的感叹句1 .What +a (n)+形容词+可数名词单数(+主语+谓语)! What a new watch it is! 多么新的一块手表啊!2 .What+形容词+可数名词复数(+主语+谓语)! What strange ideas they have! 多奇怪的主意啊!3 .What+形容词+不可数名词(+主语+谓语)! What good news! 多好的消息啊! (二) how引导的感叹句1 .How+形容词/副词(+主语+谓语)! How beautiful these flowers are! 这些花多漂亮啊! 2 .How+主语+谓语! How time flies! 时光飞逝/时间过得真快啊! .单项填空1.(2015广东中 考 ) So far,Sun Bingtian is the only Chinese who finished the 100-meter race in less than 10 seconds. _he runs! A.How slow B.How fast C.What a slow D.What a fast提示:考查感叹句。句意为“到目前为止,孙炳添是唯一的一个在1 0秒内跑完1 0 0米的中国人。”“他跑得多快啊!”, 故选B。 .单项填空2.(2015恩 施 中 考 ) Can you tell me your bike this Sunday? A.that I can borrow B.whether can I borrow C.whether I can borrow提示:考查宾语从句的用法。句意为“你能告诉我这个星期天我可以借你的自行车吗?”。宾语从句只能用陈述语序,排除B。引导表示一般疑问含义的宾语从句,要用连接词if或whether,故选C。 .单项填空3.(2015凉 山 中 考 ) The news reported that the rainstorm was in the area last night. Yes. bad weather it was! A.What a B.How a C.What D.How 提示:考查感叹句。句意为“新闻报道昨天晚上这个地区下了大暴雨。”“是呀。多么糟糕的天气呀!”,故选C。 .单项填空4.(2015娄底 中 考 ) nice day today! Yeah,lets take a walk outside.A.What a B.What C.How提示:考查感叹句的用法。句意为“今天天气多么好啊!”“是啊,让我们出去散步吧”。根据句子结构可知day是可数名词单数,故选A。 .单项填空5.(2015乐山 中 考 ) Hello,this is Dick.Can I speak to Peter? Hold on,please.Ill see hes in. A.as soon as B.if C.until提示:考查宾语从句。as soon as一就;if是否,如果;until直到为止。由上文句意“请稍等”可推测下文句意为“我看一下他是否在家”,故选B。 .单项填空6.(2015济宁 中 考 ) Wow! beautiful the music is! Yes.Thats my favorite. A.What B.What a C.What an D.How提示:考查感叹句。what感叹名词,how感叹形容词或副词,beautiful是形容词,故选D。 .单项填空7.(2015衡阳中 考 ) terrible news! Three of us didnt pass the exam. A.What B.How C.What a 提示:考查感叹句的用法。句意为“多么糟糕的消息!我们三个都没考及格”。news为不可数名词,故选A。 .单项填空8.(黔东南 中 考 ) I dont know or not. Neither do I.You may ask his teacher. A.whether he is at school B.if he is at schoolC.that he is at school D.whether is he at school提示:考查宾语从句。句意为“ 我不知道他是否在学校。”“我也不知道。你可以问问他的老师”,故选A。 .句 型转换9.(2015黔 西 南 中 考 ) “Do you water the flowers?” my father asked me.(改为宾语从句 )My father asked me I the flowers.10.(2015绥化 中 考 ) Are you doing the dishes? He asked the lady.(合并为一个句 子 ) He asked the lady was doing the dishes. wateredif/whetherif/whether she 细节理解题解题技巧 Canada Day Since 1982,July 1st has been officially known as Canada Day.Canadians of all ages take part in this festival across the country. Canada Day is the year s biggest national party.In many towns and cities,the government organizes a lot of events,often outdoors.These include parades,concerts,festivals,firework displays and ceremonies for new Canadian citizens(公 民 ). The celebrations often have a patriotic mood.Canadas national flag,a symbol for Canada Day,can be seen everywhere and a lot of people paint their faces red and white,which are Canadas national colors.The celebrations in Ottawa,Canadas capital city,are especially grand and exciting. In the province of Quebec,many home rentals(租 赁 )start on July 1st and last for exactly one year,and many people in Quebec spend Canada Day moving from one house to another.So in Quebec,Canada Day is also known as Moving Day. Many organizations,businesses and stores are closed this day.Only some bookstores,hospitals and gas stations may be open.Post offices are closed,too.As Canada Day falls in the Canadian summer holiday period,all schools are closed as well.In some areas,special services are provided for large events.The concerts,parades and festivals may cause some traffic jams.【词汇积累 】 parade游 行 ceremony仪式 mood心 情 be known as作为 而 著 名 1.The underlined word “ patriotic” means “ ” in Chinese.A.温馨 的 B.爱国的 C.肃穆 的 D.紧张的提示:考查词义猜测。根据文中“Canadas national flag,a symbol for Canada Day,can be seen everywhere and a lot of people paint their faces red and white,which are Canadas national colors.”可知,他们应该是爱国的,故选B。 2.The word “ jams ” probably means “ ” in Chinese. A.挤死 B.关上 C.拥挤 D.松开提示:考查词义猜测。根据背景和常识判断,可能引起交通拥挤,故选C。 任何一个词语,在一定的上下文中只能表示一个确定的词义。据此,我们可以尽可能地利用上下文来猜测词义,即从已知推求未知,也就是用我们所熟悉的词或短语来猜测我们不熟悉的词的词义。猜测词义时,我们可以从以下几个方面来考虑:1.根据定义或解释猜测词义;2.根据情景和逻辑进行判断;3.根据并列或同位关系猜测词义;4.根据背景和常识判断。 对于这种题目也可以采取“代入法”,即将供选答案逐一代替画线部分的单词或短语,看看哪一个答案能使句子的意思通顺连贯,且与上下文的内容一致。那么,那个选项就是该题的正确答案。 中考词义猜测题常见的提问方式有:Whats the meaning of the underlined word “ ”?The expression “ ” in Paragraph means The underlined word “ ” in the passage means The word “ ” in Paragraph can best be replaced by The underlined word “ ” most probably means in Chinese.By saying “ ”,the author means The expression “ ” is closest to According to the passage,the phrase “ ” suggests The underlined part “ ” (in Para. ) means 此类题型有逐渐增加的趋势,尤其是猜测单词、词组、句意题。个别猜测词组、句意题涉及题材背景、句子结构、文章主旨、作者的观点态度等。联系主旨、整合上下文信息是解答这类题的关键。近几年中考阅读理解的生词率略有上升,加大了猜测力度。命题者着重考查考生利用同义或反义关系、构词法、语法和语篇文脉等理解生词的能力。 中考词义猜测题命题趋势:1.要求根据阅读材料所提供的信息,结合我们应有的常识和经验,正确判断生词或词组的含义或成熟词在特定语境中表达的具体含义以及一些句子的意思。2.要求猜测词义的词一般为实词及其词组,通过构词、定义、对比、因果、联想、上下文等线索确定生词的具体含义。 ：中国的传统节日端午节即将到来,请你写一篇短文向外国朋友简要介绍一下端午节,内容包括:1 .端午节的传统食物及传统活动;2 .端午节的来历;3 .我们要保留传承传统节日的意义。 ：中国的传统节日【思路点拨】交代主题 The Dragon Boat Festival is coming.介绍 Most of us will have dinner观点总结 We must try our best to keep our traditional festivals. ：中国的传统节日 【 重 点词汇】 写出 下 列 短语 1.我们中 的 大 多数 2.在 那 天 3.例 如 4.把 扔进 5.首 先 first of allthrow into such as on that day most of us 【重点句型】根 据 汉 语 意 思 完 成 下 列 句 子1 .我们会与父母一起吃粽子。We will with our parents. 2 .总而言之,我们必须尽力保持我们的传统节日。 ,we must our keep our traditional festivals. enjoy the rice dumplingsIn a word try best to 【单元参考句型】We have zongzi on that day.During the festival,peopleChinese traditional festivals have different meanings. The Dragon Boat Festival is coming.Now it has become a bank holiday.What can we do on that day?Most of us will have dinner with our family.We also enjoy the rice dumplings together.We eat them in order to remember the famous poet Qu Yuan.On that day,there are so many activities,such as dragon boat races,throwing the rice dumplings into the water.Why do we keep the traditional festivals?First of all,Chinese traditional festivals are special to everyone.Second,they have different meanings.In a word,we must try our best to keep our traditional festivals. 名师点评 作者按照提示要求向我们展示了端午节人们的主要活动以及传统食物,还告诉了我们端午节的来历纪念伟大的诗人屈原,在文章结尾处发出倡议,传承我们的传统节日,文章层次清晰,语言流畅,结构合理,语言在使用上独具匠心,如设问句的应用,引发读者的思考与共鸣,还有短语(如such as,first of all,in order to及try ones best to do sth.)的应用,增添了文章的色彩。 这是一篇提纲式作文,内容与日常生活联系紧密,是喜闻乐见的话题之一,只需按照要点提示做到表达准确就是一篇合格的文章,要注意行文流畅,可适当添加关联性词语,另外要进行观点总结,表达出希望保留和传承中华传统节日的愿望。 根 据 短 文内容 回 答 下 列问题(眉 山 中 考 )One of the biggest festivals for Chinese people is the Mid-Autumn Festival.It is a good chance for Chinese families to get together and enjoy delicious foods.On this special day,everyone will eat mooncakes.They play an important role during the festival.Mooncakes are round in shape.They signify family reunions and best wishes.That s why people in China buy and send mooncakes during the Mid-Autumn Festival.There are different kinds of mooncakes.Let s see some new kinds of mooncakes.Ice-cream mooncakeThe ice-cream mooncake is made of ice-cream.Although the festival is in mid-autumn,the weather often stays a little warm,so many people enjoy eating ice-cream mooncakesespecially kids.Healthy food mooncakeThe healthy food mooncake is good for people s health.It is made of many healthy ingredients.Naliang mooncake This is the newest kind of mooncakes.The Naliang mooncake is made of green beans and tea.Both of them have a cooling effect on the body. 【词汇积累】 signify预示 reunion团聚;(亲友等的)聚会 be made of由制成 1 .Is the Mid-Autumn Festival one of the biggest festivals for Chinese people?2 .How many kinds of mooncakes are mentioned in the passage?3 .According to the passage,whats the weather often like in mid-autumn?4 .What kind of mooncakes is the newest?5 .Whats the Naliang mooncake made of? Yes,it is.Three.A little warm.The Naliang mooncake.Green beans and tea.根 据 短 文内容 完 成 下 列 各题 From day wear non-hero, not being jealous is mediocrity. 不受天磨非好汉，不遭人妒是庸才.
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