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构成形式 “动词原形动词原形+ed”规则形式规则形式:e.g.e.g.open love study stop 不规则形式：不规则形式：e.g.e.g.cost bend keep fight break rise swim 过去分词没有时态和语态的变化过去分词没有时态和语态的变化I过去分词的构成形式过去分词的构成形式openedlovedstudiedstoppedcostbentkeptfoughtbrokenrisenswumII过去分词的性质过去分词的性质 过去分词既有过去分词既有动词动词性质，功能相当于性质，功能相当于形容词形容词和和副词副词1)动词性质表现为动词性质表现为:可以有自己的状语并组成过去分可以有自己的状语并组成过去分词短语。词短语。He likes to read the books written by Lu Xun.(过去分词短语过去分词短语)2)形容词和副词性质表现为：过去分词（短语）在形容词和副词性质表现为：过去分词（短语）在句中可作句中可作定语定语、表语表语、状语状语、补足语补足语等。等。译：他喜欢读鲁迅写的书。过去分词（短语）作定语过去分词（短语）作定语1.单个过去分词作定语，放在被修饰的名词之前，单个过去分词作定语，放在被修饰的名词之前，做前置定语，做前置定语，和它所修饰的名词是动宾(被动)关系。Eg.Mumthrewawaythebrokencup.PS:a compound（合成）worda so-called professor 一个所谓的教授一个所谓的教授homemade pizza自制的披萨自制的披萨a well-paid job一份高薪工作一份高薪工作2.过去分词短语用作定语时，放在被修过去分词短语用作定语时，放在被修饰的名词之后，与被修饰的名词之间存在饰的名词之后，与被修饰的名词之间存在动宾关系，相当于一个定语从句动宾关系，相当于一个定语从句 The boy(named Tom)will come here tomorrow.=The boy(who is named Tom)will come here tomorrow.3.过过去去分分词词短短语语有有时时也也可可用用作作非非限限制制性性定定语语，前后常有逗号。前后常有逗号。(1)The meeting,attended by many people,welcomed the hero.=which was attended by a lot people习题：习题：1)I m very thirsty.Youd better drink some _ water.A.boiling B.boil C.boiled D.to be boiled 析C单个分词作定语放在所修饰的名词之前。单个分词作定语放在所修饰的名词之前。现在分词表明动作正在进行，过去分词表现在分词表明动作正在进行，过去分词表明动作已经完成明动作已经完成。A.held B.to be held C.holding D.being holding析 过去分词短语做定语放在所修饰名词过去分词短语做定语放在所修饰名词(词组词组)之后，与其所修饰的名词之后，与其所修饰的名词(词组是词组是)动宾关系动宾关系,且动作已经完成。且动作已经完成。译译:公元前公元前776年举行的奥运会只持续了年举行的奥运会只持续了一天。一天。2)The Olympic Games _ in 776 B.C.lasted for only one day.A析析 过去分词过去分词invited作定语修饰指示代词作定语修饰指示代词those,意为意为“被邀请的那些人被邀请的那些人”,两者是动宾两者是动宾（被动）关系。（被动）关系。thoseinvited=thosepeoplewhohavebeeninvited单个过去分词作定语需放在所修饰的名词单个过去分词作定语需放在所修饰的名词之前之前,但是但是something、anything、nobody、nothing、those等代词的定语需后置。等代词的定语需后置。3.Please dont forget him.He is one of _.A.those invited B.invited those C.those inviting D.inviting thoseA过去分词（短语）过去分词（短语）作表语作表语Thecupisbroken.茶杯破了。茶杯破了。Heisretired.他已退休。他已退休。wearemovedbythisfilm.1.过去分词作表语，多表示主语所处的状态，过去分词作表语，多表示主语所处的状态，主语是动作的承受者主语是动作的承受者,存在动宾关系存在动宾关系【注意注意】过去分词作表语与被动语态的区别：过过去分词作表语与被动语态的区别：过去分词作表语，表示主语的状态，去分词作表语，表示主语的状态，相当于一个相当于一个形容词形容词;而被动语态则表示动作。而被动语态则表示动作。常由常由by引出动引出动作的发出者。作的发出者。(1)This river is polluted.（表状态）（表状态）This river was polluted by the chemical plant.（过去分词构成被动语态，表动作）（过去分词构成被动语态，表动作）(2)The library is now closed.（表状态）（表状态）The library is now closed by Jack.(表动作）表动作）【注意注意】过去分词表示被动或完成过去分词表示被动或完成,-ing 形式形式表示主动或进行。有些动词如表示主动或进行。有些动词如 interest,bore,worry,surprise,frighten 等通常用等通常用其过去分词形式来修饰人，用其过去分词形式来修饰人，用-ing 形式来形式来修饰物。修饰物。(3)The book is interesting and Im interested in it.这本书很有趣，我对它这本书很有趣，我对它很感兴趣。很感兴趣。1.The rooms are _,so you cant move in.A.painted B.painting C.being painted D.to be painted2.As soon as he entered the city,he _.A.was losing B.got losing C.lost D.got lost 3.What he has done is really _.Now his parents are _ him.A.disappointing;disappointed at B.disappointing;disappointed about C.disappointing;disappointed with D.disappointed;disappointing by CCD(e.g.get hurt get excited get pleased )习题：习题：过去分词（短语）过去分词（短语）作宾语补足语作宾语补足语 Ifoundthe small townchangedalot.(表动作已完成)Hewantsthe lettertyped rightaway.(动宾关系)Wemustget our homework finished ontime.(动宾关系)过去分词（短语）在句子中作宾语补足语表示动作已完成，或和宾语存在动宾关系。这类句子的谓语动词通常是表示“感知”（如see,hear,feel,watch,notice,find等)、“意愿”（如want,wish,expect,等)的动词，或是使役动词（如（如make,have,keep等）。等）。习题：习题：1.Wesawthe thief_(catch)bythepolice.caught译：我看见那个小偷被警察抓住了。译：我看见那个小偷被警察抓住了。（过（过去分词短语作宾语补足语，表被动去分词短语作宾语补足语，表被动)2.Isaw him_(geton)thebus.gettingon译：我看见他正在上车。译：我看见他正在上车。（现在分词短语作宾语补足语，表主动，动作正在进行）（现在分词短语作宾语补足语，表主动，动作正在进行）3.Iwillhave/getmy hair_(cut)tomorrow.cut译：我准备明天理发。译：我准备明天理发。(过去分词作宾补，表被动过去分词作宾补，表被动)过去分词（短语）过去分词（短语）作状语作状语过去分词（短语）作状语，修饰谓语，常常表示时间、过去分词（短语）作状语，修饰谓语，常常表示时间、条件、原因、让步、伴随情况等，相当于对应的状语从条件、原因、让步、伴随情况等，相当于对应的状语从句。它和主句的主语存在动宾关系。句。它和主句的主语存在动宾关系。a、表示时间表示时间Seenfromspace,the earthlooksblue.When it is seen from space,the earth looks blue.b、表示条件、表示条件Keptinrefrigerator,thesevegetableswillremainfresh.If they are kept in refrigerator,these vegetables will remain fresh.(1)Seeing from the top of the hill,we can enjoy the beauty of the city.(主动主动)(2)Seen from the top of the hill,the city looks more beautiful to us.(被动被动)从从山山顶顶看看城城市市，城城市市显显得得更更漂漂亮亮。（seen 为为过过去去分分词词作作状状语语，表表“被被看看”，由由语语境境可可知知，它它的的逻逻辑辑主主语语必必须须是是城市，而不是城市，而不是“我们我们”，因为，因为“我们我们”应主动看城市。）应主动看城市。）过过去去分分词词作作状状语语时时其其逻逻辑辑主主语语为为主主句句的的主主语语，此时应注意人称一致。此时应注意人称一致。Eg.Given another hour,I can also work out this problem.另：过去分词另：过去分词&现在分词区别，现在分词区别，P56c、表示原因表示原因d、表示伴随情况表示伴随情况e、表示让步、表示让步Deeplymoved bythemovie,the girlsbegantocry.As they were deeply moved by the movie,the girls began to cry.Shewalkedoutofthehouse,followedbyherdaughter.She walked out of the house,and was followed by her daughter.Beatenbytheenemy,he refusedtoletoutthesecret.Although he was beaten by the enemy,he refused to let out the secret.独立成分Given 如果有，考虑到.Provided that 假设.Compared with/to 与之对比Based on基于.汇总1.1.过分与现分做定语的区别过分与现分做定语的区别过分：被动过分：被动&完成；现分：主动完成；现分：主动&进行；不定式：进行；不定式：将来，未发生将来，未发生2.2.有些过去分词做表语有些过去分词做表语=adj.=adj.且部分已转化为且部分已转化为adj.adj.常见的有：常见的有：disappointed,disappointed,delighted,delighted,puzzled,puzzled,tired,tired,drunk,drunk,marriedmarried 3.3.过去分词作表语，表示主语的状态；而被动语过去分词作表语，表示主语的状态；而被动语态则表示动作。态则表示动作。4.4.用用来来修修饰饰人人的的过过去去分分词词有有时时可可以以转转移移到到修修饰饰非非人人的的事事物物，这这种种过过去去分分词词在在形形式式上上虽虽不不直直接接修修饰饰人人，但但它它所所修修饰饰的的事事物物仍仍与与人人直直接接有有关关。如如与人有关的词与人有关的词look,look,face,face,expressionexpression等。等。eg.eg.The boy looked up with a The boy looked up with a pleasedpleased expression.expression.男孩带着满意的表情举目而视男孩带着满意的表情举目而视 a a puzzledpuzzled look/look/expression/expression/faceface5.5.有些过去分词因来源于系表结构，作状有些过去分词因来源于系表结构，作状语时不表被动而表主动。语时不表被动而表主动。这样的过去分词这样的过去分词及短语常见的有：及短语常见的有：getget lost lost（迷路）；（迷路）；seated seated（坐）；（坐）；hidden hidden（躲）；（躲）；stationed stationed（驻扎）；（驻扎）；lost/absorbed lost/absorbed in in（沉溺于）；（沉溺于）；born born（出身于）；（出身于）；dressed in dressed in（穿着）；（穿着）；tired of tired of（厌烦）（厌烦）;addicted to;addicted to;devoted to;devoted to;be/getbe/get burntburnt outout(1)Written in a hurry,this article was not so good!因为写得匆忙，这篇文章不是很好。因为写得匆忙，这篇文章不是很好。【注注意意】written 为为过过去去分分词词作作状状语语，表表示示这这篇篇文文章章是是被被写写的的，而而且且已已经经被被写写。值值得得注注意意的的是是，有有些些过过去去分分词词因因来来源源于于系系表表结结构构，作作状状语语时时不不表被动而表主动。表被动而表主动。过过去去分分词词作作状状语语时时其其逻逻辑辑主主语语为为主主句句的的主主语语，此此时应注意人称一致。时应注意人称一致。(2)Lost/Absorbed in deep thought,he didnt hear the sound.因因为为沉沉溺溺于于思思考考之之中中，所以他没听到那个声音。所以他没听到那个声音。【注注意意】如如果果过过去去分分词词作作状状语语时时，前前面面再再加加逻逻辑辑主主语语，主主句句的的主主语语就就不不再再是是分分词词的的逻逻辑辑主主语语，这这种种带带逻逻辑辑主主语语的的过过去去分分词词结结构构实实际际上上属属于于独独立立主主格结构。格结构。(1)The signal given,the bus started.信信号号一一发发出出，汽汽车车就就开开动动了了。（the signal 是是 given 的的逻逻辑辑主主语语，因因此此主主句句主主语语 the bus 就就不不是是given 的逻辑主语。的逻辑主语。(2)Her head held high,she went by.她把头昂她把头昂得高高地从这儿走了过去。（得高高地从这儿走了过去。（her head 是是 held high 的逻辑主语，因此主句主语的逻辑主语，因此主句主语 she 就不再是就不再是held high 的逻辑主语。）的逻辑主语。）独立主格结构定义构成作用定义：独立的逻辑主语+非谓语动词构成：1.名词/代词+分词(现在分词/过去分词）/形容词/副词/不定式/介词短语 2.with+宾语(名词或代词)+宾补(略)与主句有逗号，隔开作用：做状语名词/代词+过去分词 All our savings gone,we started looking for jobs.名词/代词+现在分词 The bell ringing,all the students entered the classroom.名词/代词+adj.His mother being ill,he had to stay home to look after her.They were making a snowman,hands red with cold.名词/代词+副词His head down,he was standing at the door of the classroom.名词/代词+介词短语The teacher came into the classroom,papers in hand.名词/代词+不定式The students were divided into three groups,each to finish one third of the work.q“with宾语过去分词宾语过去分词”结构结构“with宾宾语语过过去去分分词词”结结构构中中，过过去去分分词词用用作作介介词词with的的宾宾语语补补足足语语。这这一一结结构构通通常常在在句句中中作作时时间间、方式、条件、原因等状语。例如：方式、条件、原因等状语。例如：(1)Themurdererwasbroughtin,withhishandstiedbehindhisback.凶凶手手被被带带进进来来了了，他他的的双双手手被被绑绑在在背背后。（表方式）后。（表方式）(2)Withwaterheated,wecanseethesteam.水水一一被被加加热，我们就会看到水蒸气。（表条件）热，我们就会看到水蒸气。（表条件）(3)Withthemattersettled,weallwenthome.事事情情得得到到解决，我们都回家了。（表原因）解决，我们都回家了。（表原因）(4)Shestoodinfrontofhim,withhereyesfixedonhisface.她站在他面前，眼睛注视着他。她站在他面前，眼睛注视着他。(5)Hestoodforaninstantwithhishandstillraised.他他仍然举着手站了一会儿。仍然举着手站了一会儿。1._ a reply,he decided to write again.A.Not receiving B.Receiving not C.Not having received D.Having not receivedC2._in her new skirt,she tried to make herself _at the party.A.Dressed;noticed B.Dressing;noticed C.Dressed;noticing D.Dressing;being noticingB(he和和 receive 是主谓关系，且是主谓关系，且receive 先于先于decide之前发生。之前发生。)A3._ a white sweater,she looks much more beautiful.A.Dressing B.wearingC.Dressed D.Having dressed4.Unless _ to speak,you should remain silent at the conference.A.invited B.invitingC.being invited D.having invitedA5._ by his teachers,he has made great progress in his lesson.A.Helping B.To helpC.Help D.HelpedD6._his telephone number,she had some difficulty getting in touch with Bill.A.Knowing not B.Not known C.Not knowing D.Not knowC8.The old man walked in the street,_.A.following his son B.followed his sonC.and following his son D.following by his sonAB10._,the little boy is living a happy life.A.Taking good care B.Taken good careC.Having taken good care D.Taken good care of D9._ better attention,the vegetables could have grown betterA.Giving B.Given C.Give D.To give
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