英国文学-十四行诗

Contents1. Revision 2. Sonnet3. Shakespeares Sonnets4. Reading of Sonnet 18 5. SummaryElementsOrigion (2). Perfected by Petrarch (1304 -1374); (3). Sir Thomas Wyatt introduced Petrarchan sonnet from Italy into English literature. (4). Decline and revival Origin but Patience to v That murmur, soon replies, “God doth not v Either mans work or his own gifts; whov Bear his mild yoke, they serve him best. His v Is kingly. Thousands at his bidding v And post oer land ocean without v they also serve who only stand andspent widehide, bentpresentchide;denied?prevent needbeststate speedrest: wait.” The English or Shakespearean sonnetvthree quatrains + a concluding couplet: abab 1-4 v cdcd 5-8 efef 9-12 gg 13-14 vSpenserian sonnet: abab bcbc cdcd ee. v10 syllables in each line Sonnet 29v When, in disgrace with Fortune and mens v I all alone beweep my outcast v And trouble deaf heaven with my bootlessv And look upon myself, and curse myv Wishing me like to one more rich inv Featured like him, like him with friends v Desiring this mans art and that mans v With what I most enjoy contented v Yet in these thoughts myself almostv Haply I think on thee - and then my v Like to the lark at break of day v From sullen earth, sings hymns at heavensv For thy sweet love remembred such wealth v That then I scorn to change my state with eyes,state, cries.fate,hope,possessed,least;despising,state,arising gate,bringskings.scope, v Petrarchan sonnet has on the whole favored a statement of problem, situation, or incident in the octave, with a resolution in the sestet. v The English sonnet sometimes uses a similar division of material, but often presents a repetition-with-variation of a statement in each of the three quatrains. The final couplet in the English sonnet usually imposes an epigrammatic turn at the end.Difference in Structure Elements Foot MetreRhythm Linestanza Foot: the basic metrical unit,a part of a line of poetry in which there is one strong beat and one or two weaker beats. 音 步 v Monometer one footv Dimeter two feetv Trimeter three feetv Tetrameter four feetv Pentameter five feetv Hexameter six feetv Heptameter seven feet v Octameter eight feet Types of Foot Meter: regularized rhythm; an arrangement of language in which the accents occurs at apparently equal intervals in time. 格律，韵律 v Duple meter:v Iambic (one unstressed + one stressed)v Trochaic (one stressed + one unstressed)vpyrrhic (one unstressed +one unstressed)v Triple meter:v Anapestic (two unstressed + one stressed)v Dactylic (one stressed + two unstressed)v Spondaic (two stressed) v Monosyllabic foot (one stressed) Metrical Patterning Metrical patterning:1) Iamb 抑扬格2) Trochee 扬抑格3) Anapest 抑抑扬格4) Dactyl 扬抑抑格5) Spondee 扬扬格 6) pyrrhic 抑抑格7) Monosyllabic the sunwent tointervenecolor of true-blue of the truth Rhythm: a regular repeated pattern of sounds or movements.节 律 ， 节 奏 5-foot Iambus (Iambic Pentametre)Shall I compare thee to a summers day ? aThou art more lovely and more temperate. bRough winds do shake the darling buds of may,aAnd summers lease hath all too short a date. b Shakespeares Sonnets1609: “ Shakespeares Sonnets. Never before Imprinted” 154 sonnets, written between 1593 and 1599.Certain motifs are evident in this sonnet sequence. Three Groups 1-17: on a handsome young man Mr.W. H. 18-126: the idea that the beloved youth will survive through the poets verse. 127-154: about the “dark lady of the sonnets”. Sonnet 18Sometimes too hot the eye of heaven shines And often is his gold complexion dimmed; And every fair from fair sometime declines, By chance or natures changing course untrimmed; Shall I compare thee to a summers day? Thou art more lovely and more temperate: Rough winds do shake the darling buds of May, And summers lease hath all too short a date: But thy eternal summer shall not fade, Nor lose possession of that fair thou owst; Nor shall death brag thou wanderst in his shade, When in eternal lines to time thou growst; So long as men can breathe, or eyes can see, So long lives this, and this gives life to thee. Questions for Discussion1. Who is the speaker? 2. Whats the relationship betwee the speaker and “thee”? Why does the speaker compare “thee” to a summers day?3. What are the differences between the natural summer and “thy” summer?4. What figures of speech can you find in this sonnet?5. What imageries does Shakespeare employ in this sonnet? How do they contribute to theme of the sonnet? 6. Whats the purpose and theme of this sonnet? The speaker of a poem is not necessarily the poet. Frequently, the speaker represents a type of person. The speaker might be a poet or a lover of poetrySpeaker? Lovers?Friends?Or intimate Relationship ? What are the features of an English summers day? Mild; beautiful; short;Changeable. Contrst Thy summerNatural summerShort Eternal Leased Owst Hot Temperate Decline Rough wind Dimmed Lovely breath Not fade Deathless Rhetorical question;Metaphor; PersonificationHypoble; Repetitiona. Make the language more figurative and vivid.b. Make the theme more concrete.c. Add depth, richness and clarity to the poem. Imageryv The representation of sense experience to the imagination through language.v 1. visual imagery (sight)v 2. auditory imagery (sound)v 3. olfactory imagery (smell); v 4. gustatory imagery (taste) v 5. tactile imagery (touch) v 6. kinesthetic imagery (movement or v tension in the muscles or joints).v 7. organic imagery (hunger, thirst, fatigue v or nausea)v Imageryv Poets use images not only to create physical experiences but also to establish moods.Rough windDarling budsHot eyeGold complexion v They make the theme more concrete and concentrated. PurposeShakespeares purpose might be to express the idea that the artistic beauty is eternal and express his strong love for poetry. to express an emotion, a mood, or an idea. to reveal human nature, to describe a place, to tell a story, to achieve some combination of purposes. PurposeTheme of this sonnet: The beauty of / in poetry is eternal. Theme is the central concept developed in a poem and conveyed to the readers. It is usually an abstract concept which becomes concrete through the idiom and imagery. 十 四 行 诗 18或 许 我 可 用 夏 日 将 你作 比 方 ，但 你 比 夏 日 更 可 爱 也更 温 良 。夏 风 狂 作 常 会 催 落 五月 的 娇 蕊 ，夏 季 的 期 限 也 未 免 还不 太 长 。有 时 候 天 眼 如 炬 人 间酷 热 难 当 ，但 转 瞬 又 金 面 如 晦 常惹 云 遮 雾 障 。每 一 种 美 都 终 究 会 凋残 零 落 ， 或 见 弃 于 机 缘 ， 或 受 挫 于天 道 无 常 。然 而 你 永 恒 的 夏 季 却 不 会终 止 ，你 优 美 的 形 象 也 永 远 不 会消 亡 ，死 神 难 夸 口 说 你 在 它 的 罗网 中 游 荡 ，只 因 你 借 我 的 诗 行 便 可 长寿 无 疆 。只 要 人 口 能 呼 吸 ， 人 眼 看得 清 ，我 这 诗 就 长 存 ， 使 你 万 世留 芳 。 14行 诗 18v 能 不 能 让 我 把 你 比 作 夏 日 ？ v 你 可 是 更 加 可 爱 ， 更 加 温婉 ；v 狂 风 会 吹 落 五 月 里 开 的 好花 儿 ，v 夏 季 租 出 的 日 子 又 未 免 太短 暂 ：v 有 时 候 苍 天 的 巨 眼 照 得 太灼 热 ， v 他 那 金 彩 的 脸 色 也 会 被 遮暗 ； v 每 一 样 美 呀 ， 总 会 离 开 美而 凋 落 ， v 被 时 机 或 者 自 然 的 代 谢 所催 残 ；v 但 是 你 永 久 的 夏 天 决 不 会凋 枯 ，v 你 永 远 不 会 失 去 你 美 的 形象 ；v 死 神 夸 不 着 你 在 他 影 子 里踯 躅 ，v 你 将 在 不 朽 的 诗 中 与 时 间同 长 ；v 只 要 人 类 在 呼 吸 ， 眼 睛 看的 见 ，v 我 这 诗 就 活 着 ， 使 你 的 生命 绵 延 。v 屠 岸 译 Sonnet 29v When, in disgrace with Fortune and mens eyes,v I all alone beweep my outcast state,v And trouble deaf heaven with my bootless cries.v And look upon myself, and curse my fate,v Wishing me like to one more rich in hope,v Featured like him, like him with friends possessed, v Desiring this mans art and that mans scope,v With what I most enjoy contented least; v Yet in these thoughts myself almost despising,v Haply I think on thee - and then my state,v Like to the lark at break of day arisingv From sullen earth, sings hymns at heavens gate,v For thy sweet love remembred such wealth bringsv That then I scorn to change my state with kings. 十 四 行 诗 29v 面 对 命 运 的 抛 弃 ， 世 人 的冷 眼 ，v 我 唯 有 独 自 把 飘 零 的 身 世悲 叹 。v 我 曾 徒 然 地 呼 唤 聋 耳 的 苍天 ，v 诅 咒 自 己 的 时 运 ， 顾 影 自怜 。v 我 但 愿 ， 愿 胸 怀 千 般 心 愿 ，v 愿 有 颜 如 玉 ， 有 三 朋 六 友相 周 旋 ； v 愿 有 才 华 盖 世 ， 有 文 才 斐然 ， v 唯 对 自 己 的 长 处 ， 偏 偏 看 轻看 淡 。v 我 正 耽 与 这 种 妄 自 菲 薄 的 思想 ，v 猛 然 间 想 到 了 你 ， 顿 景 换 情迁 ，v 我 忽 如 破 晓 的 云 雀 凌 空 振 羽 ，v 对 苍 茫 大 地 ， 呕 颂 歌 一 曲 天门 站 。v 但 记 住 你 柔 情 招 来 财 无 限 ，v 纵 帝 王 屈 尊 就 我 ， 不 与 换 江山 。 Questions on Sonnet 29:v Who is the speaker in the poem?v What are the speakers complaints in 1-8 lines?v Is there any change in the speakers attitude in the poem? Do you have such kind of experience?v What does the speaker remember in Line10? vWhat imageries are used in the poem? How do they contribute to the theme?vWhat kind of figures of speech are used in the poem?vWhat is the rhyming scheme of the poem? vWhat is the rhyming scheme of the poem? Can you scan the poem? Summary of the features of Shakespeares Sonnetsv strong feeling; v certain motif; v a density of thought and imagery; v delight by a felicity of phrase and verse movement; v afford readers hints of Shakespeares personality and personal life. Assignmentsv 1. Recite Sonnet 18.v 2. Choose Shakespeares another sonnet and try to analyze its elements. Thank you for your attention !