高考英语写作指导之复杂结构和高级词汇

高考英语写作指导 之 复杂结构和高级词汇 By Violet Zhang 假定你是李华，正在英国接受英语培训，住在一户英 国人家里。今天你的房东 Mrs. Wilson不在家，你准备 外出，请给 Mrs. Wilson写一 留言条 ，内容包括： 1. 外出购物 ; 2. 替房东还书 ; 3. Tracy来电话留言： 1) 咖啡屋（ Bolton Coffee）见面取消 ; 2) 此事已告知 Susan ; 3) 尽快回电 ; 注意： 1. 字数 100左右； 2可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。 近三年海南省高考英语书面表达 2009年海南卷书面表达 近三年海南省高考英语书面表达 2008年海南卷书面表达 假定你的李华，从小喜爱大熊猫，一直通过有关网站关注三年 前在美国圣迭哥动物园出生的大熊猫“苏琳”和她的母亲“白 云”。现在苏琳即将三岁。请根据以下要点给动物园工作人员 写 一封信 ： 1. 自我介绍； 2. 祝贺苏琳生日； 3. 感谢工作人员； 4 .索取苏琳三岁生日照。 注意： 1. 词数 100左右； 2. 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯； 3. 开头语已为你写好。 Dear Sir/Madam, Greeting from China! Yours truly, Li Hua 近三年海南省高考英语书面表达 2007年海南卷书面表达 假定你的李华，希望通过外籍教师 Peter找一位英语笔友。请写 一封短信 ，描述一下你理想中笔友的条 件，并说明为什么选这样的笔友。具体条件包括： 1. 年龄； 2. 性别； 3. 爱好（旅游、运动、宠物等） 注意： 1. 词数 100左右； 2.可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯； 3.开头语已为你写好。 Dear Peter, I am writing to ask whether you are able to do me a favor. Best regards, Li Hua 高考英语写作 大纲要求 ： 要求考生 根据提示 进行书面表达。考生应能： 1.准确 使用 语法 和 词汇 ； 2.使用一定的 句型 、 词汇 ， 清楚 、 连贯 地表达自己的 意思。要求考生根据提示写一篇 100词左右的英语作 文。 根据文体划分 ： 记叙文 ， 说明文 ， 议论文 ， 应用文 根据类型划分 ： 图表 式 ， 提纲 式 ， 图画式 ， 开放式 高考英语写作 评判标准 ： 1.内容： 覆盖 全部要点 ， 进行 合理想象 ， 不得随意发 挥； 2. 语言： 使用简单语言清晰表达意思； 并使用了较多的 语法结构 和 词汇 ，使用 复杂 结构 或 高级词汇 ； 3.结构： 叙述 连贯 ， 逻辑合理 。 有效地使用了语句 间的 连接成分 ， 全文结构紧凑流畅 。 高考英语写作 解题要点 ： 1.审题 审要求，审文体，审人称，审时态； 2.要点齐全，滴水不漏； 3.好的开头，靓的结尾； 4.使用 复杂结构，高级词汇 ； 5.用好过渡性词汇。 什么是复杂结构呢？ 如定语从句，状语从句，名词性从句，倒 装句，强调句，感叹句，非谓语动词，插 入语， with的复合结构，省略，独立主格 结构等； 什么 是 高级词汇呢 ? 一般认为， 不常用 的词汇或者 超纲 词汇均 可视为高级词汇。 1. It is said/reported/believed that 2. It is the first time that 3. ., however. 4. It is not long before 5. It seems/looks as if 6. No soonerthan Hardly when 7. 常用的复杂结构句型： 1. The pet dog is so lovely that almost everybody likes her. 2. The pet dog is so cute that almost everybody likes her. 比 一 比 A. Followed by many students, she walked out of the lab. B. She walked out of the lab and many students followed her. C. There goes the bell. D. The bell is ringing now. 高级词汇 复杂结构 复杂结构 升级之后： Weather permitting, I will come tomorrow. （独立主格结构） 复杂结构 原文： When he heard the bad news ， the young man couldnt help crying. 升级之后： Hearing the bad news, the young man couldnt help crying.（分词作状语） 原文： If the weather permits , I will come tomorrow. 复杂结构 升级 1： Only when we finished the whole project could we leave.（倒装句） 原文： When we finished the whole project, we could leave. (when引导的时间状语从句 ) 升级 2： It was not until we finished the whole project that we could leave.（强调句） 原文： My brother was riding a bike and I sat at the back of it. (and连接的并列句 ) 升级后： My brother was riding with me sitting on the seat back.（ with的复合结构） 复杂结构 升级之后 ： Students who have the ability to learn by themselves will learn what they need at anytime, which can save more time for them to learn more.（定语从句） 原文 ： Many students have the ability to learn by themselves. They can learn what they need at anytime. It will save more time for them to learn more. 练一练 1.我是一个高中生，今年 18岁。 I am a high school student. I am 18 years old. (两个独立的简单句 ) I am a high school student, who am 18 years old. I am a high school student of 18 years old. 2. 三亚是一个有着 60万人口的城市。 Sanya is a city and it has a population of 600,000. Sanya is a city whose population is 600,000. Sanya is a city with a population of 600,000. 高级词汇 高级词汇： Suddenly I came up with a good idea.（用短语替代了普通单词） 原文： Suddenly I had a good idea. 原文： The question is really difficult to understand. 高级词汇： The question is really confusing. （用不常用词汇替代了常见表达） 原文： Everyone should do his or her best. 高级词汇： Everyone is supposed to do his or her best.（用不常用词组替代了常用单词） 高级词汇 原文： He was so clever that he could repair the radio himself. 高级词汇： He was so smart that he could repair the radio himself.（用不常用词汇替代常用词汇） 高级词汇： Take a moment to see what is going on around you.（用短语替代常见单词） 原文： Take a moment to see what is happening around you. 练一练 3. 我喜欢旅游。 I like travelling. I enjoy travelling. I am found of travelling. I take great interest in travelling. 4. 我决定要努力学习。 I decide to study hard. I am determined to study hard. I am determined to make great effort to study. 课堂小结 化平常为神奇 1. 简单句连接成复杂句；复杂句精简成结 构特殊的简单句； 2. 灵活多变地使用特殊句型； 3. 常见的普通单词换成较少使用的单词； 4. 灵活运用同义词、近义词和短语。 Practice furthermore, he plans to work his way through college. 复杂结构 原文： I went to school and did homework in the daytime and did homework at night. I went to bed at 11:30 p.m. 升级之后 : I was too busy to go to bed before 11:30 p.m., because I had to deal with my school work day and night. 高级词汇 原文： The environment will never improve until everybody takes care of it. 高级词汇： Not until everybody takes care of it will the environment improve. 原文： She was robbed of her purse but she had no time to call for help. 高级词汇： She was robbed of her purse before she could call for help. 四 使用过去分词 例 2 Once it is seen, it can never be forgotten.一般 Once seen, it can never be forgotten. 特殊 五 使用 v- ing 1 When he arrives， please give me an e-mail一般 On arriving /his arrival ,please give me an e-mail.特殊 2 . 七 使用定语从句 例 ; The girl is spoken highly of. Her composition was well written.一般 The girl whose composition was well written is spoken highly of. 特殊 八 使用状语从句 1 I wont believe what he says.一般 No matter what he says, I wont believe.特殊 2 If you come back before six oclock, you can go out.一般 You can go out on condition that you come back before six oclock. .特殊 3 If she doesnt agree, what shall we do? 一般 Supposing that she doesnt agree, what shell we do ?特殊 九 使用虚拟语气 例 : The ship didnt sink with all on board because there were the efforts of the captain.一般 But for the efforts of the captain ,the ship would have sunk with all on board.特殊 十 使用倒装句型 例： Though Im weak Ill make the effort.一般 Weak as I am, Ill make the effort. .特殊 1 2.那女子笑着说“此事很奇怪 A “ It is very strange” the woman said and smiled C“ It is very strange”said the woman ,smiling B“ It is very strange” the woman said, with a smile 4.当他从车上摔下时，有人正经过。 A.Some one was passing by when he fell off B. Some one happened to be passing by when he fell off his bike 6.许多老师给学生留过多的课外作业。 A.Many teachers leave so much homework after class that trouble the students B.Many teachers leave too much homework after class which troubles the students 7.我将尽全力帮助你 。 A. Ill do my best to help you. B. Ill do what I can to help you. 台湾日月潭 8.大家都知道：台湾是中国的一部分 A.Its known that Taiwan is a part of China. B. As we know, Taiwan is a part of China C. As is known to us, Taiwan is a part of China. 10.正如谚语与所说：熟能生巧 A. As the saying goes, practice makes perfect B. With the saying going, practice makes perfect.